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EN
The distribution pipes for balneal and thermal water represent the problem as in performance of piping so in construction stage. Corrosive effects of so-called special water (see The Water Code) must be eliminated using suitable material of pipes. The paper introduces few examples of assembling plastic pipes by various producers in balneal and recreation centres.
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Content available The reliability of integrated reporting
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EN
This paper presents the conclusions from analyzing the reliability of integrated reporting in the light of the strategic and information-related paradigm of accounting. The study demonstrates the reliability in the light of international standards that standardize integrated reporting, according to which there is a need for the improvement of credibility. As a key form of improving the reliability of integrated reporting the author indicates an internal and external verification of financial data and non-financial disclosure, both based on accountability account related to a company’s responsibility. The purpose of the study was achieved by employing pertinent research methods, including in particular a critical analysis of scholarly literature and the method of analogy. The study is axiomatic in nature, based on fundamental accounting theory assumptions.
EN
The article touches upon the content and the importance of attestation as one of the methods of teachers’ evaluation in the theory and practice of higher school during an investigated period; the characteristic features of the analyzed problem at the legislative level are viewed. It was found out, that during an analyzed period attestation of the pedagogical workers was conducted with different aims and in different forms and in accordance with various criteria. In the 70th of the XX century the main aim of the attestation was to improve lecturers’ professional skills, their pedagogical mastery and creativeness. During the 80th of the XX century attestation was widely connected with the problem of higher school teachers’ moral stimulation. The results of social competition on the best lecturer, assistant, supervisor as the main form of attestation were the key points during the attestation. In the aspect of the investigated problem 1987 was especially important when the government of the country allowed taking into account students’ opinion at the competitive electing of faculty advisors. In the 90th of the XX century – at the beginning of the XXI century the main goal of the attestation was to raise the quality of higher education, formation of a teacher with the high level of mastery and competence. The government decree On attestation of pedagogical workers of 1993 was a serious step forward in solving the problem of teachers work’ stimulation and differentiation of their salary and material support for lecturers’ professional self-improvement and proficiency. At the beginning of the XXI century the question of finding quantitative criteria for the evaluation of various aspects of the educational process, which would give objective information on strong and weak aspects of the activities of the higher education institution, its departments and employees, become a prerequisite for the improvement of teachers’ work. The examples of realization of pedagogical workers’ attestation in different higher educational establishments of Ukraine are analyzed; some drawbacks of attestation such as the absence of the only elements such as the object, the purpose, the main tasks and the criteria of evaluation are listed. The form attestation, its periodicity and technology, the results of evaluation and their further use remain still unsolved up to now.
EN
The essence and content of the notion «evaluation of the teachers’ pedagogical activity», its goals and tasks are viewed in the given article. Thus, evaluation of the teachers’ activity is important to determine weakness in the organization of an educational process; to stimulate higher school teachers’ activity; to provide the proper level of professional pedagogical workers’ competence; to set accordance between the results of professional activity and work payment; to stimulate pedagogical workers’ level of professional competence; to discipline and motivate pedagogical workers; to define their rating. The main stages of the development of the investigated problem in theory are characterized. It is found that each stage is marked by its special purposeful governmental measures and scientific searches of theoretical questions of evaluation of the higher school teachers’ pedagogical activity. In such a way during the analyzed period the requirements to the teachers have been determined; the criteria, kinds, principles and methods of evaluation of quality of higher school faculty advisors pedagogical activity have been defined. During the study it has been concluded that in practice of many higher educational establishments of Ukraine different methods of evaluation of higher school teachers’ pedagogical activity have been widely used. Among them: the method of attestation, the method of teacher evaluation by the students, colleges, experts and individual methods. It is noted that they have their specification and value in each period. Beginning of the XXI-st century is marked by the search of quantitative criteria of evaluation of higher school teachers’ pedagogical activity and introduction into practice of a higher school of individual methods and rating system of evaluation of the teachers’ pedagogical activity. It is proved that rating as an evaluation system has substantial advantages: clarity of criteria; simplicity of realization; absence of possibility to set too high or low evaluation in accordance to those whose activity is evaluated. In light of this, as some scientists say for today it does rating the most perspective method and allows applying it for the evaluation of teaching staff’ pedagogical activity of any higher educational establishment.
PL
Ustawa o ubezpieczeniu społecznym rolników zobowiązała KRUS m.in. do podejmowania starań o właściwą produkcję i dystrybucję bezpiecznych środków stosowanych w rolnictwie oraz sprzętu i odzieży ochronnej dla rolników. Działania Kasy w zakresie tego obowiązku przejawiają się, zarówno w promowaniu wyrobów bezpiecznych w gospodarstwach rolnych, jak również zmniejszania zainteresowania rolników wyrobami wadliwymi. Kasa pomaga producentom w promocji środków zwiększających bezpieczeństwo pracy w rolnictwie. Od dnia 1 stycznia 1995 roku Prezes Kasy umożliwił dostawcom oznaczania wyrobów "Znakiem Bezpieczeństwa KRUS". Kasa badając okoliczności i przyczyny wypadków przy pracy rolniczej, ma możliwość wyselekcjonowania maszyn i urządzeń, które są najbezpieczniejsze i takim wyrobom krajowym i importowanym może być przyznany "Znak Bezpieczeństwa KRUS". Aktualnie ważnych jest 41 zezwoleń Prezesa Kasy, upoważniających 19 producentów do oznaczania Znakiem KRUS 122 wyrobów. Kasa m. in. popularyzuje wśród rolników bezpieczne środki produkcji i ochrony pracy, także poprzez przyznawanie wyróżnień targowych pn. "DOBROSŁAW" za " Wyrób zwiększający bezpieczeństwo pracy w gospodarstwie rolnym" podczas międzynarodowych imprez targowych, dotyczących środków produkcji dla rolnictwa i środków ochrony pracy możliwych do zastosowania w rolnictwie. Od 1996 roku Prezes Kasy przyznał 49 wyróżnień targowych dla 42 dostawców (producentów i importerów) 75 typów wyrobów (54 grup wyrobów).
EN
The law on social insurance of farmers obliged the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund, among other things, to make efforts for proper production and distribution of safe means applied in agriculture as well as protective equipment and clothing for farmers. Actions of the Fund in the scope of this obligation entail both: promotion of safe products on farms and reduction of the farmer's interest in defective products. The Fund helps manufacturers in promotion of the means which increase the work safety level in agriculture. Since the 1st of January, 1995 the Chairman of the Fund has made possible to deliverers to mark their products with the "Safety Mark of KRUS". The Fund, when investigating circumstances and causes of accidents in agriculture, can select some machines and equipment which are the safetest, and to such products may be awarded the "Safety Mark of KRUS". At present there are 41 valid permissions of the Fund Chairman for 19 manufacturers, allowing them to mark of 122 products with the "Safety Mark of KRUS".
14
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PL
Oznaczono zawartość azotanów w 13075 próbek warzyw i ziemniaków. Przekroczenia dopuszczalnych poziomów azotanów zanotowano w 3,2-49,9% próbek, w zależności od gatunku warzywa. W przypadku wszystkich warzyw i ziemniaków wartość mediany zawartości azotanów nie przekraczała dopuszczalnych wartości.
EN
The purpose of the study was the assessment of nitrate content in vegetables and potatoes in relation to the acceptable levels of nitrates. The samples for the study were taken by workers of the Province Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations in 39-42 provinces, depending on the season of sampling. The samples were taken from retail shops. Nitrate content was determined by spectrophotometry after previous reduction in cadmium column. The study was conducted in the years 1987-1991. A total of 13075 samples were analysed. The nitrate levels in excess of the acceptable values were found in 3.2 to 49.9% of the samples, depending on vegetable species. In the case of all vegetables and potatoes the value of the median of the nitrate content was never above the acceptable level. Permanent and systematic control of nitrate levels in vegetables and potatoes is mandatory.
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