Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wooden biomass potential from apple orchards in Poland

100%

Dyjakon A. , Boer J. d. , Bukowski P. , Adamczyk F. , Frąckowiak P.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2016

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tom vol. 59, nr 198

73--86

EN

A side product emerging during apple orchard cultivation is pruned biomass, which may be used for energetic purposes. As Poland is the third largest producer of apples in the world, it is crucial to estimate the annual energetic potential of branches from apple tree pruning. In this paper, the theoretical, technical and economic potential of cut branches for energy production with distribution according to provinces (Voivodeships) is determined. Based on literature reviews and our own measurements the amount of produced branches was estimated to be 3.5 Mg×ha-1×year-1. It was shown, that the energetic potential of pruned biomass from apple trees in Poland is in the range of 7.9-12.5 PJ×year-1. Moreover, the abundance of that potential depends on the province and for a single Voivodeship, may vary from 0.04 PJ×year-1 up to 4.8 PJ×year-1.

2

The evaluation of rootstock and management practices to counteract replant disease in an apple orchard

88%

Tryngiel-Gać A. , Treder W. , Klamkowski K. , Wójcik K. , Kiełkiewicz M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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tom no. 58

17--24

EN

The aim of the research was to evaluate effects of different rootstocks and management practices to counteracting replant disease in an apple orchard. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Orchard of the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Dąbrowice, Poland, in 2014-2020. Apple trees of the cultivar ‘Ligolina’ were planted in autumn of 2013 at spacing of 3.8 × 1.4 m in the rows of an apple orchard that had been grubbed up in spring. The following experimental setups were used: (i) two types of rootstocks of different growth vigour (M.9, P14); (ii) replacement of soil in rows of trees with virgin soil; (iii) fertigation with ammonium phosphate; (iv) control (cultivation in the exhausted soil). Replantation significantly limited the growth of apple trees by reducing the cross-sectional area of the tree trunk, and the number and length of annual shoots. Fruit yields of apple trees grown on the replantation site were significantly lower than those of the trees grown in virgin soil. The use of ammonium phosphate fertigation had a positive effect on the growth and yield on the replantation site, especially when it was combined with the use of a stronger-growing rootstock (P14). The most effective environmentally friendly method of eliminating the apple replant disease is the replacement of the exhausted soil with virgin soil, i.e. soil that has not been used for growing fruit trees before.

3

Economic analysis of the collection and transportation of pruned branches from orchards for energy production

88%

Dyjakon A. , Boer den J. , Gebresenbet G. , Bosona T. , Adamczyk F.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2020

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tom vol. 63, nr 205

125--140

EN

This economic analysis contains a case study for a 100 ha apple orchard where a pruning-to-energy (PtE) strategy is employed. Technical aspects of pruned biomass harvesting in apple orchards are outlined, with emphasis on the efficient harvesting of pruning residues using a dedicated baling machine. Economic aspects are approached using economic performance metrics such as the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). It is found, for a 10-year project on the 100 ha orchard, that the NPV is €5650, the IRR is 8.71% and the payback time is about 8.0 years. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the economic metrics are highly influenced by the quantity of prunings, orchard area, and the price of pruning residues at the final user. The distance from the orchard to the final user (6 km in the analysed case) and orchard labour costs are both less impactful. The analysis shows that pruned biomass harvesting is technologically feasible in apple orchards, while the obtained values of the economic metrics indicate the economic feasibility of such bioenergy solutions.

4

Ecological Structure of the Harmful Entomocomplex of Apple Orchards of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

88%

Mostoviak S. , Berezovskyi A. , Krykunov I.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 6

155--162

EN

The most widespread culture in the structure of fruit plantations in Ukraine is the apple tree. An important factor in the highly efficient production of apples is ensuring proper phytosanitary state of plantations and observing agrotechnological methods of growing, which is possible only with constant and long-term monitoring of the species composition, population dynamics, biological and ecological features of the entomoplex. The aim of the study conducted in 2005–2020 was to determine the ecological structure of the harmful entomocomplex of apple orchards under the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Field, laboratory and chamber research methods generally accepted in ecology and entomology were used to fulfill the tasks. In the study, 52 species of phytophagous insects from 25 families and 7 orders were identified; 5 species of phytophagous mites from 3 families of Tetranychidae (Panonychus ulmi Koch., Tetranychus urticae Koch., Scizotetranychus pruni Oudms.), Bryobiidae (Bryobia redikorzevi Reck., syn: Bryobia praetiosa Koch.), Eriophyoidae (Eriophyes mali Nal.) were also found. The taxonomic structure of phytophagous insects was dominated by representatives of the orders of Lepidoptera (24 species), Coleoptera (14 species) and Homoptera (9 species), the portion of which collectively amounted to 90%. A range of Lepidoptera represented by 13 families was characterized by wide species diversity: Tortricidae, Gracillariіdae, Yponomeutidae, Lyonetiidae, Cossidae, Sesiidae, Coleophoridae, Lasiocampidae, Geometridae, Pieridae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae, Orgyidae, which accounted for 46% of the harmful entomocomplex. The most numerous (dominant) species for the period 2005-2020 were three species of aphids (Aphis pomi De G, Dysaphis devecta Walk, Dysaphis mali Ferr.), apple moth (Carpocapsa pomonella L.) and leaf rollers (Archips rosana L.). In terms of trophic specialization, polyphages dominated 75% (39 species) of apple tree agrocenoses, 10% (5 species) of oligophagous insects, 15% (8 species) – monophages. The life forms were dominated by phytophiles – dendrobiotes, the percentage of which in the total structure of insect pests was about 90%. The species composition of harmful entomofauna and ecologically constant species of phytophagous insects in apple plantations in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were specified. A promising study is to clarify the features of the biology of the most harmful phytophagous insects under the conditions of climate change and to develop environmentally safe means of protecting apple plantations from pests.

5

Usability of tunnel sprayers in orchard protection in the first years after planting

88%

Bera B. , Michalak Z. , Doruchowski G.

Fruit Science Reports

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1990

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tom 17

|

nr 2

6

The impact of the share of waste lignocellulosic biomass from apple orchards on the susceptibility to drilling of produced particleboards

88%

Jezo A. , Adamik L. , Borysiuk P. , Auriga R.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

|

tom 121

7

Testing of apple rootstock-scion combinations in various orchard systems

88%

Takacs F.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2004

|

tom 12

|

nr Spec.ed.

8

Application of extraction with 0.03 M CH3COOH as the universal method in orchard soil analysis

75%

Domagala-Swiatkiewicz I.

Folia Horticulturae

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2005

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tom 17

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nr 2

9

Effects of spring frosts in selected apple and pear orchards in the Lublin region in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007

75%

Lipa T. , Lipecki J. , Janisz A. , Sienkiewicz P.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 2

EN

Data concerning the effect of spring frosts on the survival of fl ower buds of several apple and pear cultivars, as well as on the damage caused by spring frosts to apple fruit are presented in the present paper. Observations were conducted in experimental and commercial orchards in the Lublin area in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. The lowest temperature in spring in the consecutive years occurred on the following dates: 2000 – 3rd and 4th May, 2005 – 1st April and 22nd May, and 2007 – 2nd and 4th May. The most serious damages of buds were found in apple trees of Red Boskoop, Rubin and Jonagold cvs. grown in the experimental orchard in Felin (Lublin) (this was an average value for the years 2000 and 2007), whereas the buds of the late fl owering cultivars of Golden Delicious Smoothee, Royal Gala and Ligol survived with signifi cantly lesser damages. These observations generally confi rmed those made in commercial orchards in 2005 and 2007, in which buds of cv. Elise also showed high resistance to spring frosts. Pear trees of cv. Concorde showed low damage to fl ower buds in 2007 and produced a reasonably good crop. Fruits of cv. Jonagold and its mutations Wilmuta, Jonica, Decosta and Rubinstar proved to be very sensitive to spring frosts, as well as fruits of cv. Lired. The positive infl uence of the Polish rootstock P60 on fl ower bud survival was observed in the year 2000. However, this was not confi rmed in 2007, thus further observations are necessary to check these effects.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obserwacji uszkodzeń pąków kwiatowych i owoców niektórych odmian jabłoni i gruszy, przez przymrozki wiosenne w latach 2000, 2005 i 2007 w sadzie doświadczalnym w GD Felin i w sadach produkcyjnych. Najniższe temperatury występowały w końcu kwietnia lub w początku maja: 2000 roku w dniu 3 i 4 maja, 2005 – 1 kwietnia i 22 maja, 2007 – 2 i 4 maja. Obserwacje w sadzie GD Felin prowadzono w doświadczeniu stacjonarnym, założonym w roku 1994. Średnio za lata 2000 i 2007 (w roku 2005 uszkodzeń praktycznie nie było) najwrażliwsze okazały się pąki odmian Red Boskoop, Rubin i Jonagold, a najmniej uszkodzeń stwierdzono w przypadku później kwitnących odmian Golden Delicious Smoothee, Rogal Gala, a także Ligol. Obserwacje wykonane w sadach produkcyjnych w latach 2005 i 2007 ogólnie potwierdziły powyższe wyniki; stwierdzono ponadto małe uszkodzenia przymrozkowe pąków odmiany Elise. Odmiana gruszy Concorde, która podczas przymrozku w roku 2007 była w pełni kwitnienia, plonowała prawie normalnie, dając nie uszkodzone owoce. Jabłka odmian Jonagold i jego mutacji (Wilmuta, Jonica, Decosta, Rubinstar) oraz Lired okazały się najbardziej wrażliwe na wiosenny przymrozek, wykazując silne ordzawienia. Pozytywny wpływ podkładki P60 na odporność pąków na przymrozek stwierdzony w roku 2000, nie został potwierdzony w roku 2007, wobec czego problem ten wymaga dalszych obserwacji.

10

Wooden biomass potential from apple orchards in Poland

75%

Dyjakon A. , den Boer J. , Bukowski P. , Adamczyk F. , Frackowiak P.

Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty

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2016

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tom 59

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nr 198

11

Use of stands air-blast sprayers for apple scab control in multiple row orchard

75%

Bera B. , Doruchowska G. , Michalak Z.

Fruit Science Reports

|

1990

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tom 17

|

nr 2

12

Assessment of rainfall efficiency in an apple orchard

75%

Treder W. , Klamkowski K. , Tryngiel-Gać A. , Wójcik K.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

tom no. 53

51--57

EN

Atmospheric precipitation is the major input to the soil water balance. Its amount, intensity, and temporal distribution have an indubitable influence on soil moisture. The aim of the study (conducted in the years 2010-2013) was to evaluate soil water balance in an apple orchard as determined by daily rainfall. The amount and intensity of rainfall and daily evapotranspiration were measured using an automatic weather station. Changes in soil water content was carried out using capacitance probes placed at a depth of 20, 40 and 60 cm. The most common were single events of rainfall of up to 0.2 mm, while 1.3-3.6 mm rains delivered the greatest amount of water. A significant correlation was found between the amount of daily rainfall and changes in water content of individual soil layers. The 15-45 cm and 15-65 cm layers accumulated the greatest amount of high rainfall. The study showed a significant influence of the initial soil moisture on changes in the water content of the analysed layers of the soil profile. The lower its initial moisture content was, the more rainwater it was able to accumulate.

13

Preparaty NeemAzal-T/S i Madex SC w zwalczaniu owocówki jabłkóweczki Laspeyresia pomonella

75%

Badowska-Czubik T. , Rozpara E. , Danelski W. , Kowalska J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2011

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tom Vol. 56, nr 3

20-22

PL

W latach 2009-2010 badano skuteczność preparatów NeemAzal-T/S (ekstrakt z nasion miodli indyjskiej, Azadirachta indica (L.) i Madex SC (preparat wirusowy) w zwalczaniu owocówki jabłkóweczki na jabłoni. Pierwszy z preparatów użyto w dawce 3,5 l/ha, drugi w dawce 0,25 l/ha. Stosowano również mieszaninę tych preparatów w wymienionych dawkach lub w dawkach o połowę niższych. Zabiegi wykonywano dwukrotnie w sezonie przeciwko I pokoleniu szkodnika. Doświadczenia wykonano na jabłoni odmiany 'Topaz' i 'Pinova'. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że przy użyciu testowanych preparatów możliwe jest ograniczenie strat powodowanych przez gąsienice owocówki jabłkóweczki. Lepsze wyniki zwalczania tego szkodnika uzyskano na poletkach traktowanych mieszaniną badanych środków, aniżeli po oddzielnym stosowaniu tych preparatów.

EN

Codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) is one of the most important pests occurring in apple organic orchards. Two products were assessed for their biological activity in reducing level of fruit infested by codling moth: NeemAzal T/S (azadirachtin) and Madex SC (granulosis virus). Field experiments were conducted during the years 2009-2010 at the Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in organic apple orchard. Both products in different doses reduced the number of damaged fruits. The highest effectiveness of NeemAzal-T/S at the dose of 3,5 l/ha in the mixture with Madex at the dose of 0,25 l/ha was proved.

14

Effect of nitrogen fertilization and soil management on soil mineral nitrogen in the apple orchard

75%

Wrona D. , Sadowski A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2004

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tom 12

|

nr Spec.ed.

15

Enzymatic activity of soil contaminated with triazine herbicides

75%

Bielinska E. J. , Pranagal J.

|

tom 16

|

nr 2

EN

This paper, on the basis of a 5-year study (1996-2000), attempts to answer the following question: do the changes in enzymatic activity observed in an apple-tree orchard at a prolonged (20-year) application of triazine herbicides indicate the degradation processes in soil? In the soil of herbicide-triggered fallow land, the activity of the enzymes under scrutiny was subject to a significant inhibition. Among the enzymes analyzed, the activity of phosphatases was the most sensitive indicator for soil contamination with triazine herbicides. In the light of the obtained results, the criticism of the application of triazine herbicides in orchard-related cultivation is justified. It is recommended that they be replaced with other methods of weed control. However, that requires further research into the activity of enzymes for other types of soils used intensively for orchard-related purposes.

16

Response of Jonagold apple trees to foliar boron application

75%

Wojcik P.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2003

|

tom 85

17

Controlling the codling moth [Cydioa pomonella L.} with the 'attract and kill' agent Appeal 04 PA

75%

Pluciennik Z. , Olszak R. W.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2006

|

tom 14

|

nr Suppl.3

18

Biochemical activity of the soil degraded due to long-term orchard performance and amended with organic wastes

75%

Furczak J. , Gostkowska K. , Szwed A.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2000

|

tom 33

|

nr 1

19

Efficacy of natural compounds used for thinning in organic apple orchards

75%

Basak A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2006

|

tom 14

20

The characteristics of tortrix moths' [Tortricidae] occurrence in apple orchards

75%

Huszcza W.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EEE: Horticultura

|

2003

|

tom 12