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Właściwości farmakologiczne azalidów - udoskonalonych antybiotyków makrolidowych

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Gajda A. , Posyniak A.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

2010

tom 66

nr 07

s.453-458,tab.,bibliogr.

In this paper the pharmacological properties of azalides, an improved group of macrolide antibiotics, have been reviewed. Worldwide interest in macrolide antibiotics has led to the development of several semi-synthetic derivatives of 14-membered erythromycin, such as 15-membered azithromycin and tulathromycin, with an additional nitrogen atom in the lacton ring. The newer macrolides, called azalides, have broader antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens as well as atypical pathogens of the respiratory system. They are characterized by better pharmacokinetic parameters, reduced adverse reactions and an improved drug-interaction profile compared with erythromycin. The application of these groups of antibiotics has some advantages over erythromycin, including longer half-lives and higher tissue concentrations, especially at the site of infection, which makes it possible to administer them once a day in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, in contrast to more frequent dosage required for erythromycin. Azalides are more acid-stable and therefore demonstrate greater oral bioavailability. In addition, these antibiotics have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be useful in the treatment of chronic disorders. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relations, which are important in predicting clinical efficacy of antibiotics, are also reviewed. To ensure food safety, the European Commission had set Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for erythromycin, as well as for tulathromycin. However, azythromycin has not been certified for use in food producing animals, and therefore no MRLs have been established for this azalide.

Wrazliwosc na antybiotyki z grupy makrolidow paleczek Bordetella pertussis i Bordetella parapertussis wyizolowanych od chorych na krztusiec w 1968 roku i w latach 1997-99

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Chodorowska M. , Kuklinska D. , Tyski S.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

2001

tom 53

nr 1

39-43

Określono wrażliwość na antybiotyki makrolidowe szczepów B. pertussis i B. parapertussis izolowanych od chorych dzieci w latach 1968 i 1997-99. Nie stwierdzono znaczących różnic we wrażliwości na te antybiotyki badanych szczepów. Najbardziej aktywnym antybiotykiem wobec wszystkich szczepów okazała się azytromycyna, a najmniejszą aktywność wykazała spiramycyna i oleandomycyna.

The activity of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, oleandomycin, roxithromycin, spiramycin and josamycin against 21 and 34 B. pertussis strains and against 6 and 8 B. parapertussis strains isolated respectively in the years 1968 and 1997—99 was examined. The antibiotic agar dilution method was used. The minimum concentration of macrolides which inhibited growth of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis was calculated for 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of isolates. The susceptibility to macrolides of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis strains isolated in the years 1968 and 1997-99 did not differ significantly. The MIG90 values of erythromycin were the same for B. pertussis (MIC90 = 0,125 mg/l) and B.parapertussis strains (MIC 90 = 0,25 mg/l) recovered in 1968 as for those recovered in the years 1997-99. The most active antibiotic against all strains was azithromycin (MIC90 = 0,06 mg/l). The least active antibiotics were oleandomycin (MIC90 = 2-4 mg/l) and spiramycin (MIC90 = 8 mg/I). The study showed that erythromycin remains the antibiotic of choice for treatment of whooping cough and in case of emergence of B. pertussis and/or B. parapertussis strains erythromycin resistant, can be replaced by azithromycin.

Antybiotyki i inne substancje antybakteryjne stosowane w paszach leczniczych

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Bednarek D. , Szymanska-Czerwinska M.

Życie Weterynaryjne

2006

tom 81

nr 08

Tylozyna w lecznictwie weterynaryjnym

100%

Krasucka D.

Lecznica Dużych Zwierząt. Ogólnopolski Kwartalnik dla Lekarzy Weterynarii

2010

tom 05

nr 3