Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Bactericidal TiO2 layers doped with Cu, Zn, and ZnO

100%

Jakubowski W. , Frankowski P. , Jastrzębska A. , Celigowska A. , Frąckiewicz P. , Walkowiak B.

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 20, no. 143 spec. iss.

30

2

Will antiseptics become the standard in ophthalmology in the future?

100%

Szumny D.

OphthaTherapy

|

2023

|

tom 10

|

nr 3

190-194

EN

Antiseptics are a group of substances widely used in ophthalmology for many years. They are well established, especially in the prevention of perioperative infections. For decontamination in ophthalmology, a 5% povidone-iodine solution is used as a standard for the conjunctival sac. It is considered the most effective preoperative antisepsis. In patients with an allergy to iodine, a solution of 0.05% chlorhexidine is recommended. There are also attempts to use other antiseptics and antibiotics for perioperative prophylaxis. Recently, there has also been interest in potential use antiseptics for the treatment of conjunctivitis.

3

Antibiotic consumption pattern in a single neonatal care unit

100%

Nitsch-Osuch A. , Marciniak A. , Życińska K. , Wardyn K.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

|

2013

|

nr 4

552-555

4

Ciprofloxacin Removing from Aqueous Solutions Using Batch Reactor Electrocoagulation Process with Aluminum Electrodes

100%

Majid R. , Samaka I. a. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, nr 9

364--372

EN

Increasing the reliance on pharmaceuticals such as analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, and other medications harms the environment and human health. The electrocoagulation process is a modern and crucial technology for treating various pollutants. This paper uses electrocoagulation technology (EC) to remove the most widely used antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP) from an aqueous solution. The proposed approach was experimentally implemented in a batch reactor equipped with (aluminium sheets) that act as electrodes (cathode and anode) arranged vertically in a monopolar parallel mode (MP-P). Different operating parameters were considered, in this work, including inter-electrode distance (IED), pH of the solution, current density (CD), electrolysis time (ET), initial concentration of CIP (Co), and concentration of supporting electrolyte NaCl. Several experiments were performed, and the results revealed that EC has successfully applied with a high removal efficiency of 98.48% under optimum operating conditions: a gap between electrodes = 1 cm, current density = 1.5 mA/cm2, electrolysis time = 60 min, pH = 5, initial CIP concentration = 50 mg/l, and NaCl = 500 mg/l. The experimental results confirmed that the EC process provides a strategy for removing CIP from wastewater with a high removal efficacy and low energy consumption, additionally offering an increased opportunity for using Al-EC cells to treat antibiotic contaminants.

5

The Presence of Metals and Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria in Arable Manure Soils

100%

Erdem B. , Dayangaç A. , Şahin İ.

Acta Physica Polonica A

|

2017

|

tom 132

|

nr 3

570-571

EN

Heavy metals and antibiotics resistance are intense public interest owing to their pollution in the environment and potential deleterious effects on human health. A total of 15 isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (50 manure garden soils) were tested for their resistance against certain heavy metals and antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of Pb²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ for each isolate were also determined. B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli exhibited high tolerance to minimum inhibitory concentrations of 3,200 μg/ml for Pb²⁺, 400 μg/ml for Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺, and 100 μg/ml for Zn²⁺ in agar plates. All the isolates were highly resistant to lead and they showed 100% growth in 3,200 μg/ml concentration. It was observed that all isolates were resistant to a wide range of antibiotics namely clindamycin, ceftazidime, aztreonam and vancomycin.

6

The usage of antibiotics for prevention of contamination in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte culture

100%

Ariyanto E. F. , Wikayani T. P. , Qomarilla N.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2019

|

tom 26

218-223

EN

Background: 3T3-L1 preadipocyte is the most commonly used cell line in in vivo studies of obesity. One of the main concerns in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte culture is microorganism contaminations. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate antibiotics to prevent contaminations in 3T3-L1 cultures. Method: This study used descriptive analysis. Frozen 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were thawed and cultured in DMEM-10% FBS-1% penicillin-streptomycin, DMEM-10% FBS-1% penicillin-streptomycin-fungiezone, or DMEM-10% FBS-0.2% ciprofloxacin 200 mg/100 ml. After 24-hour incubation, the cells were observed under the microscope for any change in the medium colour, presence of abnormal structures, and abnormality in cell morphology. Results: The usage of 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% penicillin-streptomycin-fungiezone, or 0.2% ciprofloxacin 200 mg/100 ml maintained the clean medium and conserved normal fibroblast-like morphology of the cells. Conclusion: This study suggested that 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% penicillin-streptomycin-fungiezone, or 0.2% ciprofloxacin 200 mg/100 ml can be utilized in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cultures to prevent contaminations.

7

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of macrolides

100%

Bulska M. , Orszulak-Michalak D.

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

|

2014

|

tom 27

|

nr 1

61-64

EN

Macrolides are a group of antibiotics whose activity is ascribable to the presence of the macrolide ring, to which one or more deoxy sugars may be attached. Two properties are inherent in this group of antibiotics, the immunomodulatory and the anti-inflammatory actions, ensuring great efficacy in a wide spectrum of infections. Macrolides demonstrate several immunomodulatory activities both in vitro and in vivo. They can down-regulate prolonged inflammation, increase mucus clearance, prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm and either enhance or reduce activation of the immune system. According to given properties and exceptional effects on bacterial phatogens, the macrolide antimicrobial agents have been found to serve a unique role in the management of chronic airway disorders, including diffuse panbronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Use of macrolides can result in clinical improvement in patients with severe, chronic inflammatory airway diseases, improving their spirometry indicators, gas exchange and overall quality of life.

8

Solid-phase Synthesis and Self-assembly Formation of Tyrocidines

100%

Ding Y. , Qin C. G. , Niu W. N. , Li Y. , Zhang R. J.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 81, nr 9

1577-1585

EN

A facile and efficient method was applied for parallel total synthesis of natural cyclic decapeptides, tyrocidine A-E, on safty-catch resin. Synthetic products were equally active as the natural products isolated from the bacterial source and found to possess similar bacterial selectivity as other members in the amphipathic antimicrobial cyclic decapeptide family. At the same time, the self-assembling nanotubes of them were observed under a transmission electronic microscopy.

9

Simultaneous Adsorption of Ternary Antibiotics (Levoﬂoxacin, Meropenem, and Tetracycline) by SunFlower Husk Coated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

88%

Ibrahim M. A. , Shaban M. A. A. , Hasan Y. R. , M-Ridha M. J. , Hussein H. A. , Abed K. M. , Mohammed S. J. , Muhamad M. H. , Hasan H. A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 6

30--42

EN

In this study, a new adsorbent derived from sunflower husk powder and coated in CuO nanoparticles (CSFH) was investigated to evaluate the simultaneous adsorption of Levofloxacin (LEV), Meropenem (MER), and Tetracycline (TEC) from an aqueous solution. Significant improvements in the adsorption capacity of the sunflower husk were identified after the powder particles had been coated in CuO nanoparticles. Kinetic data were correlated using a pseudo-second-order model, and was successful for the three antibiotics. Moreover, high compatibility was identified between the LEV, MER, and TEC, isotherm data, and the Langmuir model, which produced a better fit to suit the isotherm curves. In addition, the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process was crucial for transforming the three antibiotics into CSFH. The greatest CSFH adsorption capacity was in MER (131.83 mg/g), followed by TEC (96.95 mg/g), and LEV (62.24 mg/g). These findings thus indicate that CSFH is one of the most effective and efficient adsorbents to use for eliminating wastewater contaminated with antibiotic residue.

10

Effects of oxytetracycline on growth and chlorophyll a fluorescence in green algae (Chlorella vulgaris), diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena)

88%

Siedlewicz G. , Żak A. , Sharma L. , Kosakowska A. , Pazdro K.

Oceanologia

|

2020

|

tom No. 62 (2)

214--225

EN

The study aimed at measuring the influence of a wide range of oxytetracycline concentrations, with particular attention to the low levels of the antibiotic on cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena, diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the model green algae Chlorella vulgaris by conducting prolonged toxicity tests (lasting 10 days). Standard measurements (cell number, optical density, chlorophyll a concentration) were combined with photosynthetic parameters measurements. The obtained results show that concentrations of oxytetracycline present in the environment can affect tested microorganisms. It was found to decrease photosystem II efficiency and disrupt the photosynthesis process. A careful interpretation of photosynthetic parameters allowed a better understanding of the mode of action of oxytetracycline in relation to non-target photoautotrophic organisms like cyanobacteria and microalgae. In conclusion, it would appear that the use of standard chronic toxicity tests (72 h) does not allow to accurately and reliably assess the chronic impact of bioactive compounds including drugs and their metabolites on water organisms. On this basis, we recommend the application of extended duration tests.

11

In vitro pharmacological interaction of caffeine and first-line antibiotics is antagonistic against clinically important bacterial pathogens

88%

Olajuyigbe O. , Adeoye-Isijola M. , Okon V. , Adedayo O. , Coopoosamy R.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2017

|

tom 64

|

nr 2

255-263

EN

The in vitro antibacterial activity of pure caffeine powder and its interaction with first line antibiotic against bacterial isolates were investigated with the macrobroth dilution and the checkerboard assay methods. This study showed that caffeine and the antibiotics exhibited various degrees of antibacterial activities. While caffeine had MICs ranging between 67.19 and 268.75 µg/ml, chloramphenicol was characterized by MICs between 0.98 and 31.25 µg/ml, kanamycin - 15.63-62.5 µg/ml, nalidixic acid - 0.49-250 µg/ml, erythromycin - 0.49-62.5 µg/ml, tetracycline - 1.99-62.5 µg/ml and metronidazole - 15.63-31.25 µg/ml. Combining ½ MICs and MICs of caffeine with the antibiotics as well as direct combination of caffeine and the antibiotics resulted in significant reduction of antibiotics' effectiveness. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) for the combination of ½ MICs of caffeine with different antibiotics showed antagonistic interactions with the antibiotics except kanamycin which had additive and indifferent interactions with caffeine. The FICI of the MICs of caffeine combined with antibiotics showed a reduction in the number of antagonistic interactions as chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and erythromycin showed some indifferent interactions while kanamycin was the only antibiotic that showed indifferent interaction against all the bacterial isolates. The direct combination of caffeine and the antibiotics resulted in significant antagonistic interactions higher than in the case when caffeine, at the ½ MICs and MICs, was combined with the antibiotics. Although caffeine demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial isolates, its combination with the selected antibiotics resulted in significant antagonistic interactions. Caffeine should not be combined with antibiotics as this could result in serious therapeutic failure and, possibly, drug toxicity in vivo.

12

Moulds – friends or enemies?

88%

Paramonova O. A. , Tylicki A.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

|

2018

|

nr 1

8-16

EN

Moulds are common in our habitat and play significant role in the economy and household. The aim of the article is the indication of selected benefits and threats of moulds present in human environment. The main benefits are: antibiotic synthesis (e.g β-lactam antibiotics production), moulds application in food industry (e.g. mouldy cheese production) and industrial biotechnology (e.g. organic acids synthesis). Threats which are related with moulds presence in our environment are diseases of respiratory system, skin as well as allergies and also possibility of food contamination by mycotoxins synthesized by moulds which can cause animal and people poisoning. The main factors which increase exposure of people to adverse effects of moulds are high moisture, inefficient room ventilation and incorrect storage of resources for food production. Taking care of living quarters technical condition and appropriate control of quality and food storage conditions as well as raw materials for its production, we can reduce undesirable moulds effects.

13

Czy nowe antybiotyki spełnią nasze oczekiwania

75%

Kuś A.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2022

|

tom nr 3

33--37

PL

Poszukiwanie nowych antybiotyków i modyfikacja już istniejących trwa, mimo że wymaga to dużych inwestycji, czasu i pracy. W poszukiwaniu alternatyw dla antybiotyków można podążać kilkoma drogami. Można próbować modyfikować istniejące antybiotyki, na które wiele bakterii wykształciło oporność, lub zastąpić je zupełnie nowymi antybiotykami czy np. bakteriofagami/lizynami. Można działanie antybiotyków wzmocnić. np. stosując adiuwanty, inhibitory enzymów inaktywujących je lub koniugaty antybiotyków czy antybiotyki z innymi czynnikami przeciwbakteryjnymi. Nowe antybiotyki stanowią jedyną szansę na powstrzymanie rozwoju niebezpiecznych zakażeń bakteryjnych.

EN

The search for new antibiotics and modifications of existing ones continues despite the fact that it requires considerable investment, time and work. In the search for alternatives to antibiotics, several paths can be followed. One can try to modify existing antibiotics to which many bacteria have developed resistance or replace them with completely new antibiotics or, for example, bacteriophages/lysines. One can enhance the effect of antibiotics, e.g. by using adjuvants, enzyme inhibitors that inactivate them, or conjugates of antibiotics or antibiotics with other antimicrobial agents. New antibiotics are the only chance to stop the development of dangerous bacterial infections.

14

THE STUDY OF ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF ANTIBIOTICS ON THE SURFACE OF NANOPARTICLES

75%

Biernat P. , Borak B. , Meler J. , Karolewicz B.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

|

2018

|

tom 75

|

nr 5

1215-1222

EN

Nanotechnology is a field that is gaining more and more importance in the modern world. It uses a particle size of between a few dozen to a few hundred nanometers, or 10-9 meters. It is noted that the use of nanospheres (balls with a diameter of from several to several hundred nm) as carriers of drugs gives an opportunity for their controlled and sustained release. (1,2) Nanospheres as a potential drug carrier for sustained release may enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. In order to examine the effects of antibiotics with nanospheres an attempt was made to deposit on them three drugs differing in chemical structure. These were chloramphenicol, gentamicin and ceftazidime. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of adsorption of the drug on the surface of nanospheres and to examine the process of desorption from the surface of silica nanoparticles. The results of the study indicate that in the case of chloramphenicol it is essentially a process of chemisorption, and for gentamicin and ceftazidime both physical and chemical adsorption, without there being any clearly defined relationship between this two processes. The purpose of the nanospheres as drug carriers is to obtain controlled and prolonged exposure to the drug. The amount of adsorbed substance depends primarily on its structure. Ceftazidime, as the compound with the highest number of double bonds, and a large number of groups to form hydrogen bonds (carbonyl groups, amino groups), adsorbed to the greatest extent.

15

Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial properties of Annona muricata extracts against certain human pathogens

75%

Oluyege J. O. , Orjiakor P. I. , Badejo O. E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2019

|

tom nr 60 (132)

203--209

EN

All over the world, the use of medicinal plants is gaining more acceptability due to the possibility of discovering novel drugs from them and solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance associated with conventional antibiotics. The phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of crude extracts of the leaves, stems, and bark of Annona muricata were evaluated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typimurium, while the antifungal properties were evaluated against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The Agar well method was used for the study. At concentrations of 150 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml, inhibitory effects were observed on E. coli and S. aureus, with a visible zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 21 mm respectively, and with respect to N- hexane, an antimicrobial activity range of 5 mm to 20 mm, for the leaf extract, which shows effective antimicrobial action against E. coli and S. aureus. Hot water extracts were observed to possess more bioactive compounds compared to organic solvent extracts, and exhibit higher ranges of activity against the tested bacterial species. All extracts exhibited low anti-fungal activity in the range of 8 mm to 15 mm. The phytochemical screening of the extracts of different parts of A. muricata revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was compared with a standard antibiotic, ketoconazole, and with ampicillin, which served as the controls). The results showed that A. muricata can be used as an anti-bacterial substance, since it shows broad spectrum activity against a range of bacteria responsible for the most common bacterial illnesses. Further research will be necessary to ascertain its full spectrum of efficacy.

16

Organic Micropollutants from an Agricultural Drainage Ditch Contaminate a Shrimp Farm in Sinaloa (Mexico)

75%

Moeder M. , Carranza-Diaz O. , López-Angulo G. , Ahumada-Santos Y. P. , Schrader S. , Reemtsma T. , Delgado-Vargas F.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, nr 3

143--152

EN

Among nutrients and pesticides, agricultural draining ditches also transport pollutants discharged with untreated wastewater from the municipalities adjoining the ditch. When the ditch water is used for irrigation and aquaculture, risks for the environment and food production are suggested. For the conducted field study, a shrimp farm in Sinaloa (Mexico) was used to trace organic pollutants (pesticides and pharmaceutical residues) on their way from an agricultural draining ditch to a shrimp farm fed partially by the drain water. The concentrations of pollutants in the drain water ranged from 10 ng L-1 to 453 ng L-1. The pond water of the shrimp farm contained concentrations between <10 ng L-1 and 177 ng L-1. The shrimps were contaminated by pollutants at concentrations between 40 μg kg-1 d.w. (dry weight) to 3.3 mg kg-1 d.w. (fungicide Metalaxyl). Health risks for the cultivated shrimps cannot be excluded because some pesticides are known for their toxic effects to crustaceans. The concentrations of selected antibiotics in the shrimps were low and comparable with those found in the shrimps declared as seawater shrimps from a German supermarket. The incorporation of the antibiotics was probably caused by contact to the wastewater in the shrimp ponds and/or by contaminated shrimp feed. Additionally to the anthropogenic chemicals, coliforms were determined in the water (total coliforms: 30-50 CFU 100 mL-1; fecal coliforms: 0-20 CFU 100 mL-1). These values agree with the Mexican Norm NOM-242-SSA1-2009 representing a microbiological quality of water adequate for aquaculture. The number of coliforms measured in shrimp was higher than in pond water, suggesting bioaccumulation and a potential health risk for consumers.

17

Ocena wiązania antybiotyków fluorochinolonowych z protezą naczyniową

75%

Kowalczuk D. , Ginalska G. , Miazga-Karska M.

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 13, no. 99-101

34--37

PL

Przeciwbakteryjną protezę naczyniową otrzymano przez kowalencyjne wiązanie sparfloksacyny (SPA) lub tosufloksacyny (TOS) z jej żelatynowaną powierzchnią z użyciem aldehydowego i aminowego łącznika. Ilości obydwu antybiotyków związanych z żelatynową warstwą oceniono na podstawie różnic w stężeniu leków, przed i po immobilizacji, określanych metodą HPLC. Aktywność przeciwbakteryjną protezy modyfikowanej antybiotykiem wobec szczepów oceniono stosując test hamowania stref wzrostu i test liczenia kolonii. Przeprowadzone z użyciem szczepów Staphylococcus aureus i Echerichia coli badania wykazały, że kowalencyjna immobilizacja SPA i TOS na powierzchni implantu stanowi stabilną przeciwbakteryjną ochronę przez co najmniej 2 tygodnie.

EN

Antimicrobial gelatine-sealed vascular prosthesis was developed by the covalent bonding of sparfloxacin (SPA) or tosufloxacin (TOS) to their surface by using of aldehyde and amine linkers. The amounts of both antibiotics bound to the gelatine layer were evaluated on the basis of the differences in drug concentrations before and after immobilization measured by HPLC method. Antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-modified prosthesis against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains was assessed using zone of inhibition and colony count assays. The performed researches indicated that the covalent immobilization of SPA and TOS on the graft surface resulted in stable antibacterial protection for at least of 2 weaks.

18

The relationship between antibiotic therapy in early childhood and the symptoms of allergy in children aged 6–8 years - the questionnaire study results

75%

Raciborski F. , Tomaszewska A. , Komorowski J. , Samel-Kowalik P. , Białoszewski A. Z. , Walkiewicz A. , Lusawa A. , Szymański J. , Opoczyńska D. , Drużba M. , Borowicz J. , Lipiec A. , Kapalczynski W. J. , Samoliński B.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2012

|

tom 25

|

nr 4

470-480

EN

Introduction: Studies based on the ISAAC questionnaire suggest a correlation between the use of antibiotics and the prevalence of asthma and allergy in children aged 6-7 years. The number of courses of antibiotic therapy is an important factor. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the use of antibiotics during the fi rst years of life and the prevalence of allergy and asthma among children (aged 6-8 years) in the urban population of Poland. Materials and Methods: A survey-based study with a self-completed questionnaire. The respondents were parents of children aged 6-8 years living in Warszawa, Poland. 1461 completed questionnaires were collected. Results: Asthma was declared in 4.3% of the children. Wheezing and/or sibilant rhonchi within 12 months before the study was observed in 13.5% of the cases. Asthma medication was taken by 21.8% of the children. Allergic rhinitis was declared in 18.7% of the children. Problems with sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion not associated with cold or fever were observed in 40.7% of the children. The a nalysis of the odds ratios between the use of antibiotics and the symptoms of allergic diseases revealed a clear correlation. The highest odds ratio was observed between the completion of over three courses of antibiotic therapy prior to the age of 12 months and the declaration of one of the following: asthma (OR = 5.59, 95% CI: 2.6-12.01), wheezing and/or sibilant rhonchi (OR = 4.68, 95% CI: 3.01-7.27) and taking medicines for breathlessness (OR = 5.12, 95% CI: 3.42-7.68). Conclusions: There is a direct relationship between antibiotic use in the fi rst 3 years of life and asthma and allergy symptoms in children aged 6-8 years old.

19

Antybiotyki z grupy aromatycznych heptaenów jako alternatywa dla syntetycznych fungicydów z grupy triazoli stosowanych w ochronie roślin

75%

Sobiech Ł. , Szczeblewski P. , Kosiada T. , Sawinska Z. , Skrzypczak G. , Borowski E.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2016

|

tom T. 95, nr 5

928--930

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki porównawczych badań aktywności in vitro kandycydyny i askozyny, antybiotyków przeciwgrzybowych z grupy aromatycznych heptaenów (0,01–10 µg/mL) oraz tebukonazolu, powszechnie stosowanego fungicydu z grupy triazoli, względem grzybów porażających rośliny uprawne. Wartości EC50 (medialne stężenie skuteczne) badanych związków były porównywalne. Jednak ze względu na wiele korzystnych właściwości, kandycydyna i askozyna mogą stać się alternatywą dla syntetycznych fungicydów z grupy triazoli stosowanych w ochronie roślin.

EN

An in vitro antifungal activity of candicidin and ascosin antibiotics (0,01–10 µg/mL) towards representative strains of phytopathogenic fungi was detd. Both compds. exhibited similar half max. effective concns. inhibiting growth of the fungi as that of tebuconazole used for comparison.

20

Antibiotics in the Environment as one of the Barriers to Sustainable Development

75%

Lach J. , Stępniak L. , Ociepa-Kubicka A.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 13, nr 1

197--207

EN

The paper has analyzed the presence of antibiotics in crude (hospital, medicine production and municipal) waste water, treated waste water, surface water and drinking water across the world. The concentrations of antibiotics in medicine production waste water reached a level of up to 900 µ/dm3; in hospital waste water, up to 124 µ/dm3; and in municipal waste water, up to 64 µ/dm3. Antibiotic concentrations in treated waste water approached 260 ng/dm3. The presence of antibiotics in surface water has also been covered. The most often identified medicines were: Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. The maximum antibiotic concentrations in surface water are as high as up to 2 µg/dm3. In the majority of cases, identified antibiotics occurred in concentrations from several to several dozen ng/dm3, and less often in several hundred ng/dm3. The presence of antibiotics in drinking water, similarly as for waste water, was identified worldwide, e.g. in China, USA, Germany, Canada, France. Very high antibiotic concentrations were noted in Guangzhou, China, which reached a level of up to 679.7 ng/dm3 (Ciprofloxacin), but also in the USA (Triclosan) – 734 ng/dm3). In the majority of instances, antibiotics are present in water in much lower concentrations. The consequence of environmental contamination with antibiotics is the drug resistance of many bacterial strains with the resultant deaths of 25 000 people in the European Union and 700 000 people across the globe. The other effects of the presence of antibiotics in the natural environment are not fully understood yet. For example, carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic effects are attributed to these contaminants.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano obecność antybiotyków w ściekach surowych (szpitalnych, z produkcji leków, komunalnych), oczyszczonych, wodach powierzchniowych i wodzie pitnej na świecie. Stężenia antybiotyków analizowane w ściekach z produkcji leków dochodziły do 900 µ/dm3, w ściekach szpitalnych do 124 µ/dm3 i komunalnych do 64 µ/dm3. Stężenia antybiotyków w ściekach oczyszczonych dochodziły do 260 ng/dm3. Przedstawiono również obecność antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych. Najczęściej identyfikowanymi lekami były: ciprofloxacin, erytromycyna, norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole i trimethoprim. Maksymalne stężenia antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych dochodzą nawet do 2 µg/dm3. W większości przypadkach identyfikowane antybiotyki występowały w ilości od kilku do kilkudziesięciu ng/dm3, rzadziej w ilości kilkuset ng/dm3. Obecność antybiotyków w wodzie pitnej jest identyfikowana, podobnie jak w przypadku ścieków na całym świecie np. w Chinach, USA, Niemczech, Kanadzie, Francji. Odnotowano bardzo wysokie stężenia antybiotyków Chinach w Guangzhou dochodzące do 679,7 ng/dm3 (ciprofloxacin ), ale również w USA (triclosan – 734 ng/dm3). W większości przypadków antybiotyki w wodach są w znacznie niższych stężeniach. Konsekwencją zanieczyszczenia środowiska antybiotykami jest lekooporność wielu szczepów bakterii i w konsekwencji coroczna śmierć 25 000 osób w Unii Europejskiej i około 700000 na całej kuli ziemskiej. Nie do końca poznane są inne skutki obecności antybiotyków w środowisku. Przypisuje się temu zanieczyszczeniu właściwości rakotwórcze, teratogenne lub mutagenne.