The purpose of the article was the analysis of two topics: the freedom and new society in Steiner’s philosophy. Steiner in The Philosophy of Freedom postulates that the world is essentially an indivisible unity. He suggests, that freedom can only be approached gradually with the aid of the creative activity of thinking. The ability to think and act independently is a possibility for modern consciousness. The process of free action also includes the liberation from given (unreflected) natural driver, instincts and the commands of reason or authorities. The free action, are those for which we are fully conscious of the motive. He concludes, that freedom is the spiritual activity of penetrating with consciousness our own nature. The most striking feature of Anthroposophy will be deemed, at first sight, to be the cultivation of the soul’s inward life and the opening of the eyes to a spiritual world. But these doctrines are the foes of real life. The best situation would result if one would give people free way. He has the trust that they would find their direction themselves.
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The first Waldorf school was founded by Rudolf Steiner in 1919 in Stuttgart for the children of employees of the Waldorf-Astoria factory. The anthroposophical doctrine created by Rudolf Steiner, which originated on the basis of theosophical thought of a known occultist Helena Bławacka, constitutes the school’s worldview basis. The anthroposophical concept of man and the world, accepted by Waldorf education, determines its work methods. Hence, in younger classes the appropriately chosen fables, fairy tales and legends are used, which provide preparation for the future thought and judgments of youth. The most important subject, often called “the school’s heart” is eurhythmy. It is a specific art of movement, gesture, sign and symbol, which enables pupils to achieve the harmony of body and soul in aesthetic and musical experience. It is called sacred, initiatory art by the anthroposophers themselves. The fact that the fundamental basis for the Waldorf school is anthroposophy accepting reincarnation, self-salvation, and Satan as a good deity, and Jesus Christ as a sun deity, makes it impossible to align with Christianity.
New Age is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, almost amorphous, escaping the traditional conceptual formulas. And although numerous publications and studies on New Age are still being developed, it is not easy to describe this movement. Let us, therefore, reach to the sources from which its inspirations have been drawn and through their analysis, let us try to approach the spiritual plane on which New Age views have been built. Let us look a little closer to its original matrix, namely the esoteric and theosophic traditions disseminated in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in European intellectual circles, secret knowledge, known as gnosis, and also turn to ancient pagan beliefs and magical rituals, towards shamanism. Perhaps in their message we will succeed to understand the broadly understood New Age “spirituality”.
In the first part, the article discusses selected aspects of the history of the first Polish translation of F. Kafka’s novel The Trial, and indicates that numerous and significant changes were introduced into it anonymously, starting from the first post-war issue in 1957. The author claims that in fact we are not dealing with one and the same translation, but a translation palimpsest. The second part of the article presents the interpretation of The Trial which states that while writing his novel Kafka considerably referred to the anthroposophical ideas included in the book How to Know Higher Worlds by Rudolf Steiner, then regarding that it analyzes The Trial as a variant of a folktale (a mythical story) about a hero based on the findings of Vladimir Propp (Morphology of the Folktale) and Joseph Campbell (The Hero with Thousand Faces).
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