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Water resources of Kazakhstan in conditions of uncertainty

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Tursunova A. , Medeu A. , Alimkulov S. , Saparova A. , Baspakova G.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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tom no. 54

138--149

EN

The exceptionally high spatial-temporal variability of the river runoff and the significance of its transboundary component considerably worsen the problem of the water supply of the republic. Due to the disadvantageous geographical location in the lower reaches of transboundary river basins, the Republic of Kazakhstan is largely dependent on water economy activities taking place in neighbouring countries. In the article the modern change of the resources of river runoff in Kazakhstan, taking into account climatic and anthropogenic influences is considered. For the assessment of the impact of economic activities on the river runoff and changes in climatic-related runoff, the complex of integral methods was used, and appropriate methodologies were developed. The obtained results of the modern influence of a complex of factors, as well as their significance for the future (till 2030), can be used for the development of scientifically based solutions for sustainable management and protection of water resources. An assessment of the anthropogenic activity of this study shows that the water resources of the river runoff of the Republic of Kazakhstan have decreased by 16.0 km3∙y-1. According to our forecasts, there will be a further decrease in the water resources of the republic due to the expected decrease in transboundary flow to 87.1 km3∙y-1 by 2030, in dry years less than 50.0 km3∙y-1. We propose a set of measures to prevent the negative impact of possible reduction of river runoff resources in the future in the water basins of Kazakhstan.

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Morphology and Dynamics of the Baltic Sea Shore within Kaliningrad Oblast (Overview)

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Babakov A.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2018

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tom Vol. 65, nr 3

177--202

EN

A review of morphological and morphodynamic studies of the coast of the Kaliningrad oblast has been carried out for half a century. The studies include monitoring measurements by the Atlantic Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (AB IO RAS) with the participation of the state institute Baltberegozashchita (BBZ), as well as pre-war studies and cartographic analyses of long-term coastline migration carried out by the private company Baltic Aerogeodetic Enterprise (BaltAGE). It shows the spatial alternation of abrasive and accumulative areas, as well as frequent changes in beach width and height within the same morphological coast type. A change in the development trend of particular coast sections from year to year was noted. The significant influence of anthropogenic factors on the coastal development was emphasized, including changes in the direction of coastal retreat/advance along an extensive coastal stretch. Comparison of the interannual and nearly century-old dynamics of the coast revealed noticeable differences between them, with opposite trends in several large-scale coast sections.

3

The vegetation of sands in the Chernihiv city (Ukraine)

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Lukash O. , Danko H.

Studia Quaternaria

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2020

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tom Vol. 37, Nr 1

31--44

EN

The vegetation of the Chernihiv city sands (natural and technogenic origin) has rather high syntaxonomic diversity (17 associations and 5 initial communities) and the ruderal phytocoenoses prevail. Natural phytocenoses are represented to a small extent (Cyperetum flavescentis Koch 1926, Dichostylidi–Helochloetum alopecuroidis (Timar 1950) Pietsch 1973, Artemisia scoparia–Dianthus borbasii community, Kochietum arenariae Fijalk 1978). Synanthropic psammophytes species communities that are more resistant to anthropogenic influence, are formed under urban conditions. The ecological range of vegetation of sandy alluvia varies from xerophytic phytocoenoses in mineral-poor sand (Kochietum arenariae) to the communities, which indicate waterlogged areas with increased mineralization of water and saline bottom sediments (Typhetum laxmannii Nedulcu 1968). It is possible to observe the adventization and apophization of sand vegetation, one of the indicators of which is the rupture of coenotic connections between the species of the community. These phenomena indicate that the process of synanthropization of the vegetation cover of the city keeps intensifying, and first of all, occurs in places of newly formed technogenic ecotopes.

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The meadow, psammophytic and ruderal plant communities with Solidago canadensis L. in Chernihiv Polesie (Ukraine)

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Danko H. , Lukash O. , Morozova I. , Boiko V. , Yakovenko O.

Studia Quaternaria

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2021

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tom Vol. 38, Nr 2

149--158

EN

In Chernihiv Polesie Solidago canadensis most often grows in ruderal communities of the Berteroëtum incanae association. Characteristic plant species of the Artemisietea vulgaris class have been found in many phytocenoses with Solidago canadensis. A typical ruderal community dominated by S. canadensis was found, in which characteristic species of the xero-mesophytic ruderal vegetation of the Onopordion acanthii are well represented. Initial communities with the S. canadensis coverage of 25 to 60% in combination with the species of this order and the characteristic species of other high syntaxa were found. Most of them are the transformed meadow phytocenoses of the river floodplains and less often – the psammophytic phytocenoses of pine terraces. The process of ruderalization of meadow ecosystems as a result of the invasion of S. canadensis in Chernihiv Polesie was revealed. This process is especially pronounced on the loess islands, where meadows change into semiruderal grasslands and herblands of the Convolvulo arvensis–Agropyrion repentis alliance. S. canadensis invasion leads to xerophytization and unification of the floodplains meadow phytocenoses grassland. The course of these processes is accelerated by anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems and has irreversible consequences. S. canadensis rarely occurs in the Koelerio–Corynephoretea canescentis class psammophytic communities.

5

The contemporary distribution of the aquatic Tertiary relict plant species of the Bern Convention in eastern Polesye

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Lukash O. , Miroshnyk I. , Strilets S. , Rak O. , Sazonova O.

Studia Quaternaria

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2021

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tom Vol. 38, Nr 2

127--132

EN

In spite of modern trends in the development of the eastern Polesye flora, the relict have been preserved in the aquatic ecotopes of Europe, including eastern Polesye. The paper highlights the peculiarities of the distribution in the region of three aquatic Tertiary relics preserved by the Bern Convention. According to the results of a field research, the degree of a modern rarity of the aquatic relict species in eastern Polesye was established, in particular, a very rare species (Aldrovanda vesiculosa), a moderately rare species (Trapa natans) and a relatively rare species (Salvinia natans). The current distribution of these relict species in the region has been positively affected by the increase in the values of maximum temperatures and isotherms of the summer months. A negative impact is made by the abrupt changes in the hydrological regime and the growth of anthropogenic eutrophication of reservoirs. Aldrovanda vesiculosa eliminates with minor changes in living conditions; Salvinia natans is the most tolerant to anthropogenic factors, but shows annual fluctuations in numbers; Trapa natans is stable distributed and has a tendency to expanding of its populations. The relics are the dominants of the Salvinio–Spirodeletum (polyrrhizae), Lemno–Utricularietum vulgaris, Spirodelo–Aldrovandetum vesiculosae, Trapetum natantis and Trapо–Nymphoidetum (peltatae) communities.

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Sanitary, Microbiological Condition, and Ecological State of Surface Water Quality in the Upper Siret River Basin (Ukraine)

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Burdenyuk I. , Masykevich А. , Dombrovskiy K. , Rylskyi O. , Masykevich Y. , Deyneka S. , Malovanyy M. , Tymchuk I.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 9

55--63

EN

This study aimed to spatially assess the ecological state of the upper Siret River basin in Ukraine, along with its main tributaries, using physicochemical and microbiological indicators. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of anthropogenic activities on surface water quality in the region. The research spanned one year, with nine sampling points ranging from the Siret River sources in the Pokutsko-Bukovynian Carpathians to the Romania border crossing area. Notably, a significant portion of the upper basin lies within the Vyzhnytskyi National Nature Park. Physicochemical analysis involved measuring pH, water turbidity, and concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, and CI- ions. Microbiological analysis focused on total and fecal bacteria, specifically E. coli species. Results revealed a significant correlation between population density, the absence of centralized sewage treatment facilities in large settlements, and the level of surface water pollution in the Ukrainian segment of the Siret River basin. The upper part of the river network, where the Vyzhnytskyi National Nature Park is located, displayed the cleanest waters. Downstream, surface water pollution increased, particularly near certain points outside large settlements and tourist complexes (Myhove, Berehomet, and Storozhynets). Our findings highlight the importance of using microbiological indicators to monitor the ecological state of Danube sources in the Eastern Carpathians.

7

The vegetation of sands in the Chernihiv city (Ukraine)

88%

Lukash O. , Danko H. , Lukash O. , Danko H.

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tom 37

8

Nutrient status in coral reefs of the Iles Eparses (Scattered Islands): comparison to nearby reefs subject to higher anthropogenic influences (Mozambique Channel and Mascarenes, Indian Ocean)

51%

Riaux-Gobin C. , Witkowski A. , Saenz-Agudelo P. , Neveux J. , Oriol L. , Vetion G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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tom 40

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nr 3

9

Distribution of Crataegus (Rosaceae) in S-E Poland along a gradient of anthropogenic influence

51%

Oklejewicz K. , Chwastek E. , Szewczyk M. , Bobiec A. , Mitka J.

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tom 61

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nr 4

EN

The impact of land use intensity on the taxonomic composition of hawthorns in four regions of south-eastern Poland was investigated. As a result of different human settlement histories, two of the regions are 54–64% forested nowadays, and the remaining two regions are 70–78% transformed into arable land. Numerical analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that the purely geographical component of the species distribution, linked with the land use intensity, was statistically significant (1.97%, P = 0.002), as well the pure site component (1.17%, P = 0.010). The human-induced opening of the landscape promotes Crataegus monogyna. Forests are occupied by C. laevigata, C. rhipidiphylla, C. rhipidophylla Gand. var. lindmanii and the hybrid C. × macrocarpa (C. rhipidophylla × C. laevigata); on forest edges the hybrid C. × media (C. monogyna × C. laevigata) tends to occur. Crataegus × subsphaericea (C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla) is rare and tends to occur in thickets, and a triple hybrid C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla × C. laevigata colonizes recently abandoned fields. Hybridization seems to be an efficient evolutionary strategy of hawthorns in the face of humaninduced transformations of the landscape.

10

Corruption Risks in the Field of Public-Legal Protection of Animals: Case of Ukraine

51%

Kolomoyets T. , Makarenkov O.

Przegląd Prawa Administracyjnego

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2018

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tom 1

EN

The article deals with the corruption risks in the field of exercising the powers of public-legal protection of animals. It is proved that such risks represent a system of spiritual, cultural, legal, organizational, economic, political and other factors that enable and/or encourage officials of public administration bodies to commit corruption offenses while exercising their authority in the field of animal protection. The essence of these factors is outlined, the specifics of which are determined by the nature of the subject of legal protection, the content and subjects of the implementation of public authority powers, the hierarchical level of their implementation. Wild and domestic (pets and homeless) animals in Ukraine are protected by the structures of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the state service of Ukraine for Food safety and Consumer Protection, the state Forestry Agency of Ukraine and the state Fisheries Industry Agency of Ukraine, as well as local public authorities and community groups. Corruption risks are specified on examples of these bodies, including those that make use of their discretionary powers or those which are not granted adequate powers. It has been found that these risks are also due to structural deficiencies, a low level of legal culture among officials and their socioeconomic and/or legal insecurity.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy ryzyka korupcji, które towarzyszy wykonywaniu uprawnień w zakresiepublicznoprawnej ochrony zwierząt. W ocenie autorów ryzyko to generują różnorodne czynniki o charakterze kulturowym, prawnym, organizacyjnym, ekonomicznym, politycznym itp., które umożliwiają urzędnikom popełnianie przestępstw o charakterze korupcyjnym i/albo ich do tego motywują. Autorzy podkreślają, że opisywane przez nich ryzyko korupcji determinowane jest również niską kulturą prawną osób piastujących funkcje publiczne oraz działaniem przez nie w warunkach niepewności społeczno-ekonomicznej i/lub prawnej. Na Ukrainie zwierzęta dzikie i domowe (w tym zwierzęta bezdomne) jako przedmioty ochrony prawnej znajdują się pod ochroną Ministerstwa Ekologii i Zasobów Naturalnych Ukrainy, Państwowej służby Ukrainy ds. Bezpieczeństwa Produktów spożywczych i Ochrony Praw Konsumentów, Państwowej agencji Zasobów leśnych Ukrainy, Państwowej agencji Rybołówstwa Ukrainy oraz organów terenowych administracji państwowej i organizacji społecznych. Przedmiotowe zagrożenie zostało przedstawione na przykładzie realizacji kompetencji powierzonych wyżej wymienionym organom, w tym przysługujących im uprawnień dyskrecjonalnych.