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Content available remote Dung beetles and their role in the nature
100%
EN
Scarabaeoid beetles (Scarabaeoidea) inhabit all zoogeographical regions of the world. However, coprophagy as the type of nutritional specialization dominates among the scarabaeoid beetles. The number of dung beetles (coprophagous Scarabaeoidea) is estimated at about 7,000 species. There are about 460 of dung beetles species in Europe, and about 90 of dung beetles species in Poland. Dung beetles can be endocoprids (dwellers), paracoprids (tunnelers) or telecoprids (rollers). Endocopric species lay eggs directly into the dung, paracropic species dig earth tunnels of various lengths ending with brooding chambers beneath the dung, and telecopric species separate a portion of dung and roll it into round balls which are then transported, sometimes far from the original source of the dung, to a place where the beetles dig tunnels ending with brooding chambers. Such a variety of methods of using faeces by dung beetles cause an accelerated circulation of nutrients, increased soil aeration, plant spreading, and a reduction in the number of parasites (flies and nematodes). Among dung beetles presently encountered in Poland there are endocopric and paracopric species.
2
Content available remote Ochrona betonu, czyli sposób na gnojowicę
84%
PL
Jednym z niezbędnych warunków ubiegania się o unijne dopłaty do produkcji rolnej, a także kontynuowania produkcji mleka i hodowli trzody na potrzeby rynku unijnego jest konieczność wyposażenia do 2008 r. wszystkich gospodarstw rolnych prowadzących działalność w zakresie produkcji zwierzęcej w urządzenia do magazynowania ich odchodów. Obornik powinien być składowany na szczelnych płytach obornikowych, natomiast płynne odchody zwierzęce - gnojówka lub gnojownica - w szczelnych zbiornikach.
EN
The compositions of bacterial communities and populations during aerobic stabilization of livestock manure have been investigated, focusing on how the aging of feedstock affected the bacterial diversity of the composting mass. The livestock manure was divided into two groups – aged and fresh, and then used to prepare the feedstock with additives. Composting experiments were carried out for 15 days using a pilot-scale batch reactor with vacuum-induced aeration. Two different aeration rates were applied to the batch reactor, and their effectiveness was evaluated. Changes in total heterotrophic bacteria count and moisture content were monitored. The associated changes in bacterial community compositions were characterized using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing. The Firmicutes in the fresh manure decreased from 48 to 13% for the first ten days, and the dominant phylum shifted to the Proteobacteria (29%), Bacteroidetes (23%), Actinobacteria (20%), and others(15%). Under the given conditions, the use of relatively fresh manure was essential to preserve thediverse bacterial populations in the feedstock and enhance the bacterial diversity during aerobic stabilization.More research should be performed to investigate the degradability of emerging contaminants (e.g., antibiotics) in livestock manure using an engineered composting system providing well-controlled environmental conditions.
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