Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Long-term changes in snail communities of selected anthropogenic water bodies of the Silesian Upland. I. Subsidence reservoirs

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Spyra A. , Strzelec M. , Cieplok A.

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tom 24

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nr 1

2

Long-term changes of the fish community in a small hypertrophic lake

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Rechulicz J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2014

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tom 23

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nr 3

EN

A study of fish fauna in a small hypertrophic lake was conducted in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2006-10. In total 11 fish species representing 4 families were found. The species richness was low, depending on the season, and ranged from 2 to 7 species. A variation of species dominance, depending on the year and season, was found. Total fish abundance and biomass were varied according to the season, but differences depending on the year had been noted only in fish biomass. The fish fauna was characterized by low values in indices of diversity and the estimated turnover rate of the fauna ranged from 0.09 to 0.56, and the regression analysis showed a significant growth in its upward trend.

3

Coprophilous histerid beetle community (Coleoptera: Histeridae) of western Poland

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Bajerlein D.

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nr 3

EN

Results of the first study on species composition, abundance and seasonal dynamics of histerid beetles inhabiting dung in western Poland are presented. Beetles were sampled over two years by using pitfall traps. The 14 species collected were dominated by Margarinotus carbonarius which made up almost 60% of all recorded specimens. Less numerous was Saprinus aeneus (30%). Histerid beetles were observed since April till October. Most recorded specimens were observed during spring.

4

Analysis of spatial point pattern shows no desertion of breeding Mute Swan areas by the other waterbirds within fishpond

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Gayet G. , Calenge C. , Broyer J. , Mesleard F. , Vaux V. , Fritz H. , Guillemain M.

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tom 51

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nr 2

EN

Mute Swan Cygnus olor numbers have recently increased in a dramatic fashion in Western Europe and in North America, suggesting there could be potential consequences for the rest of the waterbird community. Breeding Mute Swan pairs may behave territorially towards other waterbirds, taking advantage of their larger size, and hence cause concern regarding their potential effects on waterbird communities. We studied how the within-site distributions of breeding Mute Swans and other waterbirds were related to each other, in order to assess if there is support to the assertion that breeding Mute Swans may affect the distribution of the other waterfowl within waterbodies. We mapped waterbird and swan distribution within fishponds during the Mute Swan breeding period. Relying on spatial point pattern analysis, our first finding is that breeding Mute Swans were located in the vicinity of the other waterbirds, using the same area within fishpond. Waterbirds do not completely desert the area used by breeding swan pairs within a waterbody, hence not supporting the claim that Mute Swans dislodge the other species. If an exclusion process by Mute Swan breeding pairs towards waterbirds exists, it is not strong enough to generate deserted areas by waterbirds around breeding Mute Swans. Our second finding is that breeding Mute Swans were not located where the density probability function for waterbird presence was the greatest within a fishpond, i.e. breeding Mute Swans were not located in the centre of groups formed by other waterbirds within each fishponds. This may indicate slightly different micro-habitat preferences or use within fishponds, or could indicate the potential occurrence of interactions. In conclusion, these results question whether the increasing Mute Swan populations actually directly threaten the other waterbird communities in such habitats, and require population control as is often claimed.

PL

Liczebność łabędzia niemego w ostatnich latach drastycznie wzrosła w Europie Zachodniej i Ameryce Północnej, co może wpływać na resztę zespołu ptaków wodnych. Łabędzie nieme mogą wywierać wpływ na inne ptaki wodne pośrednio poprzez zmniejszenie ilości dostępnego pokarmu, a także bezpośrednio poprzez agresywne zachowania terytorialne. Zachowania terytorialne zaobserwowano np. na zbiornikach wodnych na terenach, na których łabędź niemy uważany jest za gatunek inwazyjny. Jednocześnie w innym badaniu stwierdzono większą liczebność ptaków wodnych na zbiornikach, na których występowały lęgowe łabędzie nieme. Ogólnie jednak niewiele jest wiadomo na temat potencjalnego wpływu zachowań terytorialnych łabędzi na rozmieszczenie pozostałych ptaków wodnych. W pracy badano czy istnieje zależność pomiędzy rozmieszczeniem lęgowych łabędzi niemych i innych ptaków wodnych (rozpatrywano kaczki pływające i nurkujące oraz łyski) w obrębie tego samego zbiornika wodnego. Badania prowadzono na stawach rybnych (o średniej powierzchni 9,9 ha) we wschodniej Francji, prowadząc trzykrotne mapowanie wszystkich ptaków wodnych na danym zbiorniku. Terminy kontroli dopasowano do cyklu lęgowego łabędzi: pierwsza kontrola została przeprowadzona w okresie wysiadywania, druga w okresie wykluwania się piskląt, a trzecia, gdy łabędzie wodzą pisklęta (Tab. 1). Analizy przeprowadzono za pomocą analizy rozmieszczenia danych punktowych w przestrzeni, w której jako punkty oznaczono lokalizację pojedynczych ptaków lub w niektórych przypadkach grupę ptaków (np. para ptaków, samica z pisklętami) (Fig. 1). Stwierdzono, że na terenie badanych zbiorników wodnych łabędzie przebywały blisko siebie (Fig. 2). Łabędzie stwierdzano w sąsiedztwie innych ptaków wodnych, wykorzystywały one ten sam obszar w obrębie danego zbiornika. Takie rozmieszczenie skupiskowe obserwowano do 175 m (Fig. 3). Inne ptaki wodne nie unikają stref wykorzystywanych przez lęgowe łabędzie, co nie potwierdza sugestii, że łabędzie mogą wypierać inne gatunki. Nawet, jeśli istnieje pewne unikanie lęgowych łabędzi przez inne ptaki wodne, nie jest ono na tyle silne, aby generować obszary, na których nie obserwuje się innych ptaków wodnych. Analizy wskazują także, że łabędzie nie były zlokalizowane w centrum grup utworzonych przez inne ptaki wodne w obrębie każdego stawu (Fig. 4, 5). Może to wskazywać na nieco inne preferencje mikrosiedliskowe lub sposoby użytkowania przestrzeni stawów oraz występowanie potencjalnych interakcji. Podsumowując, autorzy wskazują, że łabędzie prawdopodobnie bezpośrednio nie wpływają na inne ptaki wodne, a więc populacje łabędzi nie wymagają działań mających na celu kontrolę ich liczebności, jak często się twierdzi.

5

Remarks on the zooplankton in the water bodies of Upper Zawoja and its vicinity

84%

Komala Z.

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nr 1-2

6

Influence of vegetation structure on the small mammal community in a shortgrass prairie ecosystem

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Thompson C. M. , Gese E. M.

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tom 58

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nr 1

EN

The structure of vegetation, and how this structure varies across a landscape, is crucial to understanding the distribution of wildlife species. Between 2002 and 2004, we sampled small mammal communities and measured vegetation structure at 185 locations across a range of disturbance regimes in a shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado, USA. At each sampling location, the local disturbance regime was some combination of varying intensity of livestock grazing, military training activity, and fire. Vegetation structural characteristics measured included percent bare ground, basal cover, litter, shrub density, and mean grass and shrub height. Rodent communities were described by richness, diversity, total and per capita biomass, and species abundances. Northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster), Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii), silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus), western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), southern plains wood rats (Neotoma micropus), thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and spotted ground squirrels (Spermophilus spilosoma) accounted for >99 % of all captures. Canonical correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between small mammals and vegetation structure. The first two canonical variates explained over 50 % of the variation in vegetation structure and were related to the ratio of bare ground to basal coverage and litter accumulation. Rodent community indices were most strongly related to litter accumulation and shrub density, though the models had low explanatory power. Our results agreed with published findings regarding microhabitat associations and indicated small mammal communities benefited from a system of interacting disturbances and the resulting landscape mosaic.

7

Heterogeneity of mollusc communities between and within forest fragments in a much modified floodplain landscape

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Kappes H. , Sulikowska-Drozd A.

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tom 24

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nr 1

8

Local changes in communities of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes): 30 years later

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Banaszak J. , Ratynska H.

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nr 4

9

Breeding bird dynamics in a primeval temperate forest over thirty-five years: variation and stability in the changing world

67%

Wesolowski T. , Mitrus C. , Czeszczewik D. , Rowinski P.

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nr 2

10

Invertebrate communities of high mountain lakes (Polish Tatra Mts.)

67%

Galas J.

Teka Komisji Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska Przyrodniczego

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2004

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tom 01

11

Dispersal - limited biodiversity of tropical insular streams

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Covich A. P.

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tom 54

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nr 4

EN

Numerous species are adapted for colonization of insular fresh waters by using different mechanisms of active and passive dispersal, especially among oceanic islands at low latitudes. Over time, similar animal communities have assembled in many tropical streams and rivers on isolated islands. These freshwater communities are characterized by a relatively low number of species of fishes, decapods, gastropods and insects that typically have complex life cycles including passive, long-distance dispersal. These species often disperse during marine phases with drifting larvae or by rafting and aerial transport of resistant, dormant stages. Active dispersal is sometimes effective for relatively short-distance movements from one island’s streams to another island’s nearby drainage basin within an archipelago (a “stepping-stones” dispersal pattern). Identifying distinct differences among aquatic communities on “true oceanic” islands of different ages and geologic histories requires a longterm biogeographic perspective including the degree of spatial isolation of populations and differences in rates of speciation. Consequently, the total biodiversity of insular streams is a complex combination of dispersal from multiple sources of species from continents and other islands, as well as evolution of new endemics. Recolonization of streams following natural disturbances and the impacts of introduced species result in dynamic changes in species accumulation and turnover in these insular freshwater ecosystems. Analysis of dispersal to islands provides general perspectives on managing fragmented habitats, especially the effects of invasive species that also shed light on factors affecting the equilibrium composition of animal communities in island-like ecosystems on continents.

12

Urban zoology in the Ukraine: a brief review of vertebrates

67%

Akimov I. A. , Kostyushin V.

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tom 49

13

On species-area relationships I: Fit of power function and exponential model

67%

Ulrich W.

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nr 1

14

New data regarding the distribution and ichthyocoenological affinities of the Ukrainian brook lamprey, Lampetra (Eudontomyzon) mariae (Cephalaspidomorphi: Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae), in southern Poland

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Drag-Kozak E. , Nowak M. , Szczerbik P. , Klaczak A. , Mikolajczyk T. , Falowska B. , Socha M. , Popek W.

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tom 41

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nr 2

EN

Fifteen new localities of the Ukrainian brook lamprey, Lampetra (Eudontomyzon) mariae, were found within 2008–2010. The majority of them are located in the Nida River drainage. Additionally, the occurrence of that species in the Strwiąż River, a tributary of the Dniester, was confirmed. The cluster analysis performed suggests, that L. mariae exhibits strong affinity to the stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, and the Eurasian minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus. We believe that the distribution of L. mariae on the territory of Poland seems to be strongly underestimated.

15

Zgrupowania piewików na hałdach kopalnianych Rudy Śląskiej i Mikołowa (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha)

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Simon E. , Szwedo J.

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tom 12-13

EN

The planthopper and leafhopper communities inhabiting various plant assemblages covering coal-mine dumps in the vicinities of Ruda Śląska city and Mikołów city (Upper Silesia, Poland; UTM CA46) are described. Plots , are described in details, with plant species and phytosociological groupment given, if possible. Dynamics of planthoppers and leafhoppers populations, dominance structure and diversity indices, constancy index are described and analyzed. Chorological composition, as well as ecological content of communities are discussed. Species composition similarity indices are also analyzed. List of 109 species recorded in analyzed plots is given. Two species recorded are new to Polish fauna: Mocydiopsis parvicauda RIB. and Psammotettix dubius OSS., and 15 species are new to fauna of Upper Silesia region: Cixius distinguendus KMB, Tachycixius pilosus (Ol.), Delphacodes venosus (germ.), Javesella salina (hpt), Oncopsis carpini (j. shlb.), Tremulicerus tremulae (estl.), Zyginidia scutellaris (h.-S.), Macrosteles sordidipennis (StAl), Doratura impudica horv., Rbytistylus proceps (KMB), Rhopalopyx preyssleri (H.-S.), Ophiola russeola (FALL.), Arocephalus languidus (FL.), Psammotettix sabulicola (Curt.) and Mocuellus metrius (Fl.).

16

Materiały do poznania sówkowatych [Lepidoptera, Noctuidae] okolic Zdun koło Krotoszyna

51%

Kordy J.

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nr 3

171-179

EN

In the Zduny environs near Krotoszyn 155 species of noctuid moths have been found. Domination structure in the moth-communities was established.

17

Struktura zgrupowań biegaczowatych (Coleoptera: Carabidae) buczyn w Górach Świętokrzyskich

42%

Huruk S. , Huruk A. , Wrobel G.

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nr 2

EN

The structure of carabid assemblages was studied in the Holy Cross Mountains, in stands of Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum lowland acidic beech forest (LAB), Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum fertile Carpathian beech forest (FCB), and Dentario enneaphylli-Fagetum fertile Sudeten beech forest (FSB) in 2002. Carabid beetles were collected using Barber's pitfall traps with ethylene glycol in monthly cycles from May to September. A total of 4260 individuals representing 28 species were caught. The highest similarity was calculated for the LAB and FCB assemblages (P=0.54), while the FCB and FSB assemblages were the least similar (P=0.39). The highest diversity was recorded in the FSB assemblage (H'=2.06), and the lowest in the assemblage of acidic lowland beech stands (LAB) (H'=1.45). The dominant species were Carabus violaceus in the LAB sites, Carabus glabratus in the FCB sites, and Carabus hortensis in the FSB sites. The most uniform distribution of individuals between species was seen in the FSB assemblage (0.76) and in the FCB assemblage (0.74), while the LAB assemblage was highly non-uniform in this respect (0.53) Trapability was lowest in LAB (0.36) and highest is FSB (0.55). The prevailing zoogeographical elements were Palaearctic species in LAB, European Forest Province montane species in FCB, and European Forest Province species in FSB. The LAB and FCB assemblages were most active in the spring (Fig. 4) and the FSB assemblage reached peak activity in the summer (July). The dominant species types were forest species (habitat preferences), large zoophages (feeding preferences), mesohygrophiles (humidity preferences), and spring breeders (developmental type).