Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Animal bone material from Lublin-Volhynia Grave 8 at Site 2 in Książnice, the Pacanów commune, Świętokrzyskie voivodeship

100%

Makowicz-Poliszot D.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2014

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tom 9

263–266

EN

The article presents the results of zoological analysis of animal bones (45 pieces) from Grave 8 (Feature 3/08, the Lublin-Volhynia culture) discovered in 2008 in Książnice, Site 2. The identified remains (25 pieces) come from goats/sheep Capra hircus L./Ovis aries L.

2

Animals from the tumuli in el-Detti in Sudan: from bone remains to studying ritual

100%

Iwaszczuk U.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2016

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tom 25

431-446

EN

Excavation of seven tumuli during the 2015 season in a cemetery of Early Makurian date located in the village of el-Detti yielded an extensive animal bone assemblage, altogether 590 bone fragments, accompanying the other finds. Poor preservation resulted in some 10% of the bones not being identified to species. Bone remains were located likewise in chambers, shafts, tunnels and looters’ trenches. They represented the following species: cattle, ovicaprines and dog. Marks recorded on the bones confirmed that the cuts of meat from cattle and ovicaprines were served as food offerings for the dead. The dog bones were probably connected to some form of ritual performed during the funeral.

3

Analiza kości zwierzęcych z epok metali ze stanowiska 2 w Zagórzu, gm. Niepołomice, woj. małopolskie

100%

Makowicz-Poliszot D.

Raport

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2016

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tom 11

23-56

EN

The article presents the results of zoological examination of animal bone material from the metal ages acquired from site 2 in Zagórze, Niepołomice commune. It is dated back to the following cultures or periods: 1 – Lusatian culture, 2 – La Tène period, 3 – phase C of the La Tène period, 4 – Tyniec group, 5 – Púchov culture to the early Roman period, 6 – phase D of the La Tène period to phase B of the early Roman period, 7 – La Tène period to the early Roman period, 8 – early Roman period, 9 – Middle Ages, 10 – Prehistory, 11 – Modern Times. Animal bones from Zagórze were subject to zoological examination, consisting in species and anatomical indications, measurements and determination of age, sex and size of the animals. In particular bone series, remains of domestic mammals (cattle, goat/sheep, pig, horse, dog, cat), wild mammals (aurochs, deer, roe deer, boar, wildcat, rodents) and amphibian (frog) were identified.

4

Animal remains from the Early Makurian cemetery in el-Zuma (season 2013)

88%

Iwaszczuk U.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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tom 24(1)

425-430

EN

Excavation in 2013 of two tumuli, T.15 and T.21, making up part of the Early Makurian cemetery at El-Zuma, yielded numerous animal bones among other finds. The total from T.15 was a set of 1404 fragmentary bones belonging (with the exception of 653 that could not be identified due to the poor state of preservation) to cattle and ovicaprids. The remains came from the shaft, the burial chamber and two lateral chambers. The number of bones from T.21 was much smaller, restricted to 78 fragments, coming mostly from the burial chamber. Except for one bird bone and seven unidentified fragments, the remains belonged to an ovicaprid. Marks visible on the bones from both tumuli confirmed that the parts of cattle and ovicaprine carcasses served as food offerings for the dead.

5

Structural and Morphological Evaluations of Natural Hydroxyapatite from Calcined Animal Bones for Biomedical Applications

88%

Ojo O. E. , Sekunowo O. I. , Ilomuanya M. O. , Gbenebor O. P. , Adeosun S. O.

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 6, no. 1

14--21

EN

Several biomedical materials have been employed as drug delivery systems, but natural Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been proven to be exceptionally better than other materials owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility properties. In this study, natural HAP was obtained from bovine and caprine bones and comparatively analysed for biomedical applications. The bones were hydrothermally treated, calcined in the temperature range of 700–1100°C, held for 2 hours in an electric furnace to remove the organic contents; milled, sifted with 150 μm mesh sieve and then characterized. It was revealed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) that the bovine and caprine bone samples calcined at 1000°C had calcium/phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) of 1.66 closest to the standard of 1.67. The bovine HAP showed the best crystallinity (86.23%) at 1000°C while caprine HAP had its highest (87.25%) at 1100°C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that the calcination temperature must be greater than 700°C to isolate high quality HAP. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the samples calcined at 800°C had the largest average particle size (85.34 μm) while porosity increases with calcination temperature in both samples. The HAP obtained at a calcination temperature of 1000°C proved to have the best quality for biomedical applications.

6

Szczątki zwierząt ze stanowiska Poznań-Nowe Miasto, nr 362

88%

Osypińska M.

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nr 54

221-236

PL

The assemblage of 248 bone fragments and teeth was subjected to archaeo-zoological analysis. They were found in features 1,2, 61, 66 and 70, and dated to phases B and C of the Early Middle Ages and unearthed on site 362 in Poznań-Nowe Miasto (Tab. 2). In the assemblage of animal remains dated to phase B of the Early Middle Ages, 148 fragments in total were identified. The most frequent were those of cattle (Bos primigenius f. domestica – 43.91% – Tab. 3), followed by pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica – 36.48%). By contrast, the least numerous group was that of the bone remains of small ruminants: mainly sheep (Ovis orientalis f. domestica) and, even less frequent, goat (Capra aegagrus f. domestica – 16.21% – Tab. 3). The last domesticated species identified was chickens (Gallus gallus f. domestica – 2.7%). Only a single bone fragment from a wild animal was recorded; it came from a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus – Tab. 3 ). The assemblage of bone remains dated to phase C contains only two identified bones. Both originated from the skeleton of a pig (Tab. 4). An analysis of the anatomical distribution of cattle remains, in line with the technical division of a carcass, showed cranial bone fragments to be the most numerous (43.07% – Tab. 7), followed by trunk bone fragments (18.46%), those of the proximal part of pelvic limbs (13.84%), proximal part of thoracic limbs and the distal part of pelvic limbs (10.76% each). In the case of pig remains, the greatest share also belonged to fragments originating from the head (Tab. 8). A relatively high incidence and percentage share also characterized bone fragments coming from the proximal part of thoracic limbs, proximal part of pelvic limbs as well as the trunk. In the case of small ruminants, head bone fragments were the most numerous. Also, several bone fragments of each of the following categories were identified: trunk, proximal parts of limbs, and the distal part of pelvic limbs (Tab. 9). The identification of the sex of animals was possible only with respect to pig remains – a single tooth from a female and two teeth from a male were recorded. The state of preservation of the animal remains from the site, specifically their advanced fragmentation, made osteometric analyses difficult. Only a few cattle bones and a single sheep bone had their metric characteristics preserved. In no case was it possible to calculate their height at shoulder level. Only the application of the point method helped estimate the morphology of the cattle used on the site in the 7th- 8th century. The results show the cattle to vary morphologically: medium-height varieties, having an estimated height at shoulder of about 108-110 cm, are mixed with tall varieties, perhaps having the characteristics of ‘primigenius’ cattle, with an estimated height of 138 cm. Most of the damage recorded on the animal bones from the site was done in the second taphonomic phase, i.e. after they had been discarded (in most cases these were traces of gnawing by dogs) (Tab. 11). A few traces left in the first phase were also identified. They included notches, traces of chopping, a hole bored in a proximal epiphysis to extract marrow (Photo 2-4), as well as traces of singeing and charring (Tab. 11). In addition, a small awl, made from a roe deer radius, was identified in the fill of the destroyed semi-dugout (inv. no. 51/09) (Tab. 11; Photo 1).

7

Analiza neolitycznego materiału kostnego z Zagórza, stan. 2, gm. Niepołomice, woj. małopolskie

75%

Makowicz-Poliszot D.

Raport

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2015

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tom 10

155-160

EN

The article presents the results of the zoological analysis of animal bones from the archaeological site in Zagórze connected with the Linear Band Pottery Culture, the Malice culture, the Modlnica group and with the Neolithic in general.

8

Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in 2011

75%

Wojenka M. , Wilczyński J. , Sobieraj D.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2011

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tom 3

143-156

EN

Archaeological excavations in the Żarska Cave, carried out in 2011 yielded artefacts dated to the Eneolithic (Baden culture), the Roman Period (Przeworsk culture), the Middle Ages and the post-Medieval period. The fieldworks were focused on the terrace situated in front of the cave entrance (trench 1/2011), but some works were also conducted in the main chamber of the cave, where recent piles of earth were sifted. Both of the two stages of the survey led to the revealing of artefacts including fragments of pottery single flint artefacts and faunal remains. It is worth noting the discovery of human remains, which suggests the presence of a burial site, probably located primarily in the cave’s interior. The results of works conducted in 2011 indicate that the earlier opinions which assumed the lack of archaeological artefacts in the Żarska Cave should be revised. The excavations will be continued.

9

Speculatores de Fyntha – Obydlie vojenských strážcov vo Finticiach?

75%

Švaňa K. , Krešáková L.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia

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2024

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nr 118

303-324

EN

The article presents the results of the rescue excavation realized in 2022 in Fintice, site Martinec (dist. Prešov). The most important find was a pit-house with regular almost square-like ground plan with a fireplace and storage pit. Based on the analysis of the pottery material, feature was dated to the 12th century or the first decades of the 13th century. Other finds included fragment of mail armour and fragment of a possible spur. Archaeo-zoological analysis has shown evidence of consummation of horse, rabbit and possibly deer. The site may be related to the military guardians (speculators) present in the site prior to 1272, when it was already deserted.

10

Badania własności mechanicznych kości wołowych i wieprzowych

75%

Kajzer A. , Kajzer W. , Basiaga M. , Kuna E.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2013

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tom Vol. 16, no. 119

45--50

PL

Celem prowadzonych badań było określenie własności wytrzymałościowych wieprzowych i wołowych kości udowych. Wartości te są niezbędne w numerycznych i doświadczalnych analizach układu kość - implant, które przeprowadza się podczas projektowania ich nowych postaci konstrukcyjnych. W ostatnich latach implanty stosowane są do leczenia złamań kości nie tylko u ludzi, ale coraz częściej u zwierząt. Dlatego też wiedza dotycząca własności wytrzymałościowych kości umożliwia optymalny dobór własności biomateriału metalowego oraz implantu w celu zapewnienia prawidłowej stabilizacji zrostu kostnego. W warunkach fizjologicznych na kości udowe najczęściej działają siły ściskające i zginające, z tego względu w pracy przedstawiono wyniki jednoosiowej próby ściskania i trójpunktowego zginania próbek pobranych z kości o różnej wilgotności. Do badań wytypowano 3 grupy próbek: I - próbki świeże, II - próbki suszone przez 24 dni i III - próbki suszone przez 30 dni. W wyniku przeprowadzonych prób wyznaczono wartości modułu Younga, wytrzymałości na ściskanie i zginanie próbek ze wszystkich grup badawczych. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników i analiz literaturowych stwierdzono, że największymi wartościami własności wytrzymałościowych charakteryzują się kości zwierząt o większej masie. Dla zwierząt o kościach długich mniejszych można więc zastosować implant o mniejszym umocnieniu, a tym samym mniejszej sztywności. Przeprowadzone badania stanowią pierwszy etap analiz i w dalszym etapie zostaną uzupełnione i rozszerzone o kolejne badania wytrzymałościowe w tym twardości próbek po kontrolowanym sposobie i czasie suszenia.

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of pig and ox femoral bones. Those values are necessary for numerical and experimental analyses of the bone-implant system, conducted during designing new structural solutions for the system. In recent years implants have been used not only to treat bone fractures in humans, but also, increasingly often, in animals. Therefore, knowledge of mechanical properties of bones allows for optimal selection of the metallic biomaterial and the implant properties in order to provide adequate stabilisation for the bone union. In physiological conditions, femoral bones are usually subjected to compressive and bending forces, therefore, the paper presents the results of a uniaxial compressive test and a three-point bending test on the samples obtained from bones with different moisture content. Three groups of samples were selected for the research: I - fresh samples, II - samples dried for 24 days and III - samples dried for 30 days. as a result of the tests conducted, Young's modulus values were determined, as well as ultimate compressive strength and bending strength for the samples from all the groups tested. On the basis of the results and literature data it was concluded that the highest values of mechanical properties are revealed in the bones of animals with higher mass. For animals with smaller long bones an implant with less reinforcement, therefore less rigid, can be used. The tests conducted constitute the first stage of analysis, and at future stages they will be supplemented with and extended by further tests on the mechanical properties, including hardness of the samples after drying with the use of a controlled method and time.

11

Satt auch im Jenseits? Tierknochen in Gräbern und Siedlungen der Vekerzug-Kultur

63%

Kozubová A.

Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

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2019

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nr 40

235-254

EN

In the present study, we deal with numerous animal bones from the sities of the Vekerzug culture in Eastern Hungary und Southwestern Slovakia, which come mainly from archaeozoological quite well recorded and analysed settlements. Their grave findings are rare and they are one of the special features of the burial rites of that culture. Providing a more complex archaeological overview of these finds was at the centre of our interest. Animal bones from the graves and settlements were mainly represented by cattle, sheep/goats, pigs, occasionally horses und their interpretation in graves as the remains of meat dishes ist highly probable.

12

Prakopalnie miedzi obiektami geoturystyczno-archeologicznymi południowego Uralu

63%

Pawlikowski M. , Pieprzyk-Klimaszewska K. , Mikoś T.

Geoturystyka

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2009

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tom nr 1-2

41-44

PL

Głównym celem niniejszej publikacji jest przedstawienie Czytelnikom kwartalnika "Geoturystyka" terenów południowego Uralu, jego położenia geograficznego i różnorodnych, bogatych złóż surowców mineralnych. Ponadto Autorzy zaprezentowali w sposób szczegółowy, rejon Kargały, gdzie trwają obecnie intensywne prace archeologiczne na terenie prehistorycznego ośrodka wydobycia i przerobu rud miedzi. Z zalanych wyrobisk prakopalń miedzi wydobyte zostały zmineralizowane kości zwierzęce. Autorzy artykułu przeprowadzili badania mineralogiczne wydobytych fragmentów kostnych, poddawanych przez tysiące lat mineralizacji związkami miedzi. Wspomniany materiał kostny należy do grupy materiałów kruchych, charakteryzujących się zmiennymi parametrami fizyko-mechanicznymi. Zdaniem Autorów teren południowego Uralu jest miejscem atrakcyjnym pod względem geoturystycznym i edukacyjnym, a także może przyczynić się do promocji nauk geologiczno-górniczo-archeologicznych.

EN

The main aim of this paper is to present to the Readers the southern part of the Ural Mts. including geography, geology and abundatn mineral deposits. Moreover, the authors describe poorly known, ancient copper mining and processing centers in the vicinity of Kargaly, where intensive archaeological excavations are recently carried on. In old, watered copper mines the animal bones mineralized with copper compounds were encountered. Samples were examinated in the laboratories of the AGH- University of Science and Technology in Kraków. It was found that bones have been mineralized with copper solutions for thousands of years. Bones belong to fragile materials. A long-lasting mineralization resulted in a noticeable changes in physico-mechanical parameters The Southern Ural Mts., including the area of Kargaly can be an interesting region for geotourists and for any other persons who would like to gain knowledge on geology, mining engineering and/or archeology.

13

Tomb at Abusir South from a time of change belonging to Ankhires, inspector of hairdressers of the Great House (AS 98)

63%

Dulíková V. , Bárta M. , Peterková Hlouchová M. , Sůvová Z.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2018

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nr 21

3-33

EN

A new tomb (AS 98) of Ankhires, inspector of hairdressers of the Great House, was excavated at Abusir South in the autumn seasons of 2016 and 2017. The stone-built mastaba is preliminarily dated to late Fifth Dynasty, from the reign of Nyuserre to Djedkare. It has an unusual architectural plan, consisting of a corridor chapel, Rooms 1 and 2, an L-shaped chapel, two serdabs and Shaft 1. It was obviously built in two phases. The extension gave the mastaba the area of 413 m2 . In view of several facts, the tomb represents a new phenomenon not only at the Czech archaeological concession but also at the Memphite necropolis. It was surrounded by several structures including tombs (AS 101, AS 102), a technical(?) structure (AS 100) or a cultic installation (AS 99), which were also partly excavated. The work has brought to light many interesting finds, being it remains of the original wall decoration, remains of wooden statues or ecofacts. An analysis of the animal bones assemblage is also incorporated in the present study.

14

Utylizacja kości, pierza i popiołu drzewnego na nawozy mineralne

63%

Chojnacka K. , Barańska M. , Górecka H. , Górecki H.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2006

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tom T. 85, nr 8-9

1256-1259

PL

Przedstawiono analizę możliwości pozyskiwania składników nawozowych ze źródeł odnawialnych, w tym fosforu i azotu z kości zwierzęcych, azotu z pierza drobiowego, a potasu i magnezu z popiołu drzewnego. Wykazano przydatność wymienionych materiałów w produkcji nawozów NPK. Przedstawiono koncepcję metody wytwarzania nawozów, w której kości i pierze mineralizowane są stężonym kwasem siarkowym, a powstałą mieszaninę porozkładową neutralizuje się popiołem drzewnym (powstaje nawóz N:P:K 5:6:7) lub węglanem potasu (nawóz N:P:K 5:6:12). Zawartość makroskładników, mikroelementów oraz metali toksycznych porównano z dostępnym na rynku nawozem N:P:K 12:12:12 wytworzonym na bazie fosforytu. Zdefiniowano i wyznaczono tzw. nawozowy ładunek metali toksycznych i mikroelementów, jako ilość metali wprowadzonych przez jednostkę (%) składników nawozowych. Wykazano, że kości i pierze praktycznie nie zawierają pierwiastków toksycznych oraz mikroelementów, w przeciwieństwie do popiołu drzewnego, który je zawiera. Opracowane nawozy spełniają wymogi polskiej ustawy o nawozach i nawożeniu oraz istnieją przesłanki o znacznych korzyściach ekonomicznych, wynikających z pozyskiwania składników nawozowych ze źródeł odnawialnych.

EN

Poultry feathers and bones were dried, milled, mineralized with 60% H2SO4 at 85°C, neutralized with oak-tree ash or K2CO3, and used to prep. resp. (5:6:7) or (5:6:12) N-P-K fertilizers. The poultry wastes contained low levels of micronutrients and toxic metals, in contrast to the wood ash that was reach in both, micronutrients an toxic metals. The fertilizers met the Polish Fertilizers and Fertilization Act requirements.

15

Human activity traces from shelter in Smoleń III (central part of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland) from the last centuries of Antiquity

63%

Sudoł M. , Bokiniec E. , Krajcarz M. , Krajcarz M. T. , Trojan A. , Grafka O.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2015

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tom 63

177-193

EN

This paper presents a number of finds dated to the Late Antiquity, from the cave site Shelter in Smoleń III, Pilica comm., Silesian Voivodeship. The objects on hand are connected with just one of the cultural episodes that were observed on the site. In the group of finds there are: a ceramic vessel dated to younger Pre-Roman period; animal bone remains possibly of a ritual character, which according to radiocarbon dating have been deposited around the beginning of the 2nd century BC; and a metal anchor-shaped key of a very wide potential dating – from the 2nd century BC till the Early Middle Ages. The finds have undergone the following analyses: descriptive, technological, comparative, taphonomical, radiocarbon and chromatographic. Given the small area of the shelter, the study permits to look in a new way at the seemingly poor materials of the Late Antiquity uncovered in caves of the Polish Jura chain, and the role of often overlooked small rock shelters of that time.

16

Geotouristic attractiveness of the show caves of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area

63%

Dzięgiel M.

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2020

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tom nr 3-4 (62-63)

19--46

EN

In this paper, six scenic caves situated in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area were the subject for comparative research, considered as very essential examples of underground geotouristic attractions, displaying karst forms completely different from each other. These include: Smocza Jama Cave (Dragon’s Den) in Kraków city, Łokietek and Ciemna (Dark) Cave at Ojców, Wierzchowska Górna Cave at Wierzchowie, Nietoperzowa-Zygmunta Cave at Jerzmanowice and Głęboka (Deep) Cave at Podlesice. The first five caves are situated in the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland and the last one, in its northern part. All of them are situated in the Silesian-Kraków Monocline. These caves developed in the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) massive limestones. Their karst forms are various and picturesque. Numerous animal remnants and traces of different prehistorical cultures were discovered and collected by researchers within and around three caves situated within the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area. The geotouristic attractiveness of all six caves was demonstrated by their comparative geotourism valorisation evaluation adapted to meet tourists’, educators’ and investors’ expectations and needs. The statistical data of the annual number of visitors at these objects were also discussed. In general, interest in these caves as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly up until today. They have become very widely known in Poland. Moreover, the Smocza Jama Cave, associated with the Royal Castle on the Wawel Hill, and the Łokietek Cave have become very popular worldwide.

PL

Artykuł został poświęcony analizie zróżnicowania podziemnych form krasowych na przykładzie sześciu jaskiń Wyżyny Krakowsko- -Częstochowskiej dostępnych do zwiedzania, jako bardzo istotnych podziemnych atrakcji geoturystycznych. Należą do nich Smocza Jama w Krakowie, jaskinie Łokietka i Ciemna w Ojcowie, Jaskinia Wierzchowska Górna w Wierzchowiu, Jaskinia Nietoperzowa-Zygmunta w Jerzmanowicach, położone w południowej części Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, i Jaskinia Głęboka, usytuowana w północnej części tej krainy. Poszczególne obiekty znajdują się na obszarze monokliny śląsko-krakowskiej. Powstały w oksfordzkich wapieniach skalistych. Ich szata naciekowa jest bardzo malownicza i zróżnicowana. Wewnątrz i/lub na zewnątrz trzech z nich wyeksponowano także skamieniałości, szczątki zwierząt oraz ślady prehistorycznej cywilizacji odkryte przez naukowców. Atrakcyjność geoturystyczna wymienionych jaskiń została określona na podstawie wyników waloryzacji geoturystycznej przeprowadzonej w przypadku każdej z nich, z uwzględnieniem potrzeb turystów, edukatorów i inwestorów. Wzięto pod uwagę także dane statystyczne dotyczące frekwencji turystów w określonych okresach w tych obiektach. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, zainteresowanie opisywanymi jaskiniami systematycznie wzrasta do chwili obecnej. Stopniowo zyskują one na popularności w całej Polsce, a Smocza Jama (zwiedzana zwykle razem z Zamkiem Królewskim na Wawelu) oraz Jaskinia Łokietka są znane również na całym świecie.