Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

PERFORMING ANAPHORA IN MODERN GREEK: A NEO-GRICEAN PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

100%

Chiou M.

Research in Language

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2013

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tom 11

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nr 3

335-358

EN

The paper addresses the problem of interpreting anaphoric NPs in Modern Greek. It includes a proposal of a novel analysis based on the systematic interaction of the neo- Gricean pragmatic principles of communication, which provides a neat and elegant approach to NP-anaphora resolution. The findings of this study provide evidence for an account of NP-anaphora in terms of the division of labour between syntax and pragmatics and more accurately in terms of the systematic interaction of the neo-Gricean pragmatic principles.

2

Zur Anapher in nicht-generativen Klassifikationssystemen

100%

Osiewicz-Maternowska M.

Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia

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2013

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nr 22

215-231

EN

The aim of the analysis was to determine whether books on German grammar take into consideration the phenomenon of binding, as well as how Chomsky’s understanding of the term anaphora is presented in them. I performed an analysis of the reflexive pronoun in contemporary Non-Chomskyan classification systems, representing different theoretical models, which were included in treatises on German grammar and written within the last thirty years. First of all, the terminology used to refer to reflexive pronouns and their syntactic function was taken into account. The analysis shows clearly that the explanatory potential of most of the theoretical models (the concept based on the investigation of word and sentence meaning, dependency grammar and phrase structure grammar) does not suffice to account for the phenomenon of co-reference that constitutes the basis of binding. It is only surface structure syntax and some combinations of theories based on generative grammar that shed light on how the reflexive pronoun is bound in certain German grammatical structures.

PL

W artykule analizie poddano anaforę w rozumieniu Chomsky’ego, czyli zaimek zwrotny w ujęciu tradycyjnym, w systemach klasyfikacyjnych innych niż generatywny. W badaniu uwzględniono opracowania gramatyki niemieckiej z ostatnich 30 lat, które reprezentują różne modele gramatyczne występujące we współczesnych kierunkach lingwistycznych. Pod uwagę wzięto przede wszystkim terminologię zastosowaną w przypadku zaimków zwrotnych oraz opis ich funkcji składniowych. Celem badania było stwierdzenie, czy inne niż generatywna gramatyki języka niemieckiego uwzględniają zjawisko wiązania, oraz czy i w jaki sposób opisują zjawisko anafory. Stwierdzono, że większość opisanych modeli gramatycznych (koncepcja oparta na badaniu znaczenia zdań i wyrazów, gramatyka dependencyjna oraz koncepcja gramatyki jako struktury frazowej) nie jest w stanie przedstawić i przeanalizować, ani wyjaśnić, zjawiska koreferencyjności stanowiącego podstawę wiązania. Jedynie koncepcja składni powierzchniowej i kompilacja różnych koncepcji na bazie generatywnej, czyli koncepcja gramatyki funkcjonalno-pragmatycznej, dają możliwość uwzględnienia niektórych aspektów wiązania zaimka zwrotnego w niemieckich konstrukcjach składniowych.

3

Tichého dielo – zdroj ďalších výskumov

100%

Gahér F.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 6

849-868

EN

The author endeavours to show that three chosen problems – the problem of individuals, of anaphora and of logic of imperatives – lend themselves to be being treated by transparent intensional logic (TIL), which can act as a successful explanatory grounding. In the first part of the article, the development of discussion about individuals is described and it is stated that despite the thorough treatment of this problematic and the advancing of convincing explication of many problems, some parts of the question may not have yet been fully engaged with. By contrast, the “story” of anaphora is basically finished and demonstrates a very successful application of TIL to the problematic which Tichý himself rather neglected. In the final part, focusing on logical prescriptions, the author argues for the view that the full exploitation of Tichý’s system with regard to the analysis and explication of imperatives remains to be undertaken. The development of research by Tichý’s followers here described on the three problems, the actual state of their treatment and other perspectives all indicate the fertile and yet to be tapped potential of the system which Tichý originated.

4

Performing Anaphora in Modern Greek: A Neo-Gricean Pragmatic Analysis

100%

Chiou M.

Research in Language

|

2013

|

tom 11

|

nr 3

335-358

EN

The paper addresses the problem of interpreting anaphoric NPs in Modern Greek. It includes a proposal of a novel analysis based on the systematic interaction of the neo- Gricean pragmatic principles of communication, which provides a neat and elegant approach to NP-anaphora resolution. The findings of this study provide evidence for an account of NP-anaphora in terms of the division of labour between syntax and pragmatics and more accurately in terms of the systematic interaction of the neo-Gricean pragmatic principles.

5

Intentional Identity and Coordination

100%

Chen H.-Y.

Studia Semiotyczne

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2017

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tom 31

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nr 2

35–51

EN

The concept of intentional identity has aroused considerable interests since Geach (1967). I argue, however, that the real import of intentional identity is still not duly appreciated. Drawing on three sets of close-knit data – intersubjective and intrasubjective intentional identity, along with cross-speaker anaphora, I submit coordination as the key to its proper understanding and propose a set of success conditions thereof

6

Integrating LFG’s binding theory with PCDRT

100%

Dalrymple M. , Haug D. T. T. , Lowe J. J.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2018

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tom Vol. 6, No. 1

87--129

EN

We provide a formal model for the interaction of syntax and pragmatics in the interpretation of anaphoric binding constraints on personal and reflexive pronouns. We assume a dynamic semantics, where type e expressions introduce discourse referents, and contexts are assignments of individuals to discourse referents. We adopt the Partial Compositional Discourse Representation Theory (PCDRT) of Haug (2014b), whereby anaphoric resolution is modelled in terms of a pragmatically-established relation between discourse referents. We integrate PCDRT into the constraint-based grammatical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), and show how it is possible to state syntactic constraints on the pragmatic resolution of singular and plural anaphora within this framework.

7

The Status of the Liturgy in the Christian East and Liturgical Differentiations

89%

Caban P.

Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny

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2017

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tom 70

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nr 1

PL

These types of liturgies and liturgical rites show us the richness that is present in the Christian East and West. They are the liturgical traditions of the Church, which preserves the continuity of the Christian liturgical tradition from the perspective of historical context in the environment where Christians live. Despite the glory of Constantinople, the Eastern Churches have preserved their own liturgies and rites. Although they are in smaller number, they are nonetheless still preserved in the liturgy despite circumstances hostile to Christianity and the influence of Islam. Local traditions in the West were gradually vanishing and the Roman liturgy had to confront life in Gallia. The celebration of the liturgy in the West according to the Roman model in the city of Rome and in areas under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Roman was preserved in the Latin Church until the beginning of the eighth century. Then there came a very important breaking point when the focus of the cultural-political and Church life was moved from the Mediterranean area into the German and especially Frankish areas north of Alps. This led to the enormous spread of the influence of Roman liturgy, but, on the other hand, the Roman liturgy was merged with non-Roman liturgical traditions. This was the period of Christian Middle Ages.

8

Factivity and presupposition in Dependent Type Semantics

88%

Tanaka R. , Mineshima K. , Bekki D.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2017

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tom Vol. 5, No. 2

385--420

EN

Dependent type theory has been applied to natural language semantics to provide a formally precise and computationally adequate account of dynamic aspects of meaning. One of the frameworks of natural language semantics based on dependent type theory is Dependent Type Semantics (DTS), which focuses on the compositional interpretations of anaphoric expressions. In this paper, we extend the framework of DTS with a mechanism to handle logical entailment and presupposition associated with factive verbs such as know. Using the notion of proof objects as first-class objects, we provide a compositional account of presuppositional inferences triggered by factive verbs. The proposal also gives a formal reconstruction of the type-distinction between propositions and facts, and thereby accounts for the lexical semantic differences between factive and non-factive verbs in a typetheoretical setting.

9

Testing the Limits of Anaphoric Distance in Classical Arabic: a Corpus-Based Study

88%

Jarbou S. O. , Migdadi F.

Research in Language

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2012

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tom 10

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nr 4

423-444

EN

One of the central aims in research on anaphora is to discover the factors that determine the choice of referential expressions in discourse. Ariel (1988; 2001) offers an Accessibility Scale where referential expressions, including demonstratives, are categorized according to the values of anaphoric (i.e. textual) distance that each of these has in relation to its antecedent. The aim of this paper is to test Ariel’s (1988; 1990; 2001) claim that the choice to use proximal or distal anaphors is mainly determined by anaphoric distance. This claim is investigated in relation to singular demonstratives in a corpus of Classical Arabic (CA) prose texts by using word count to measure anaphoric distance. Results indicate that anaphoric distance cannot be taken as a consistent or reliable determinant of how anaphors are used in CA, and so Ariel’s claim is not supported by the results of this study. This also indicates that the universality of anaphoric distance, as a criterion of accessibility, is defied.

10

Testing the Limits of Anaphoric Distance in Classical Arabic: A Corpus-Based Study

88%

Jarbou S. O. , Migdadi F.

Research in Language

|

2012

|

tom 10

|

nr 4

423-444

EN

One of the central aims in research on anaphora is to discover the factors that determine the choice of referential expressions in discourse. Ariel (1988; 2001) offers an Accessibility Scale where referential expressions, including demonstratives, are categorized according to the values of anaphoric (i.e. textual) distance that each of these has in relation to its antecedent. The aim of this paper is to test Ariel’s (1988; 1990; 2001) claim that the choice to use proximal or distal anaphors is mainly determined by anaphoric distance. This claim is investigated in relation to singular demonstratives in a corpus of Classical Arabic (CA) prose texts by using word count to measure anaphoric distance. Results indicate that anaphoric distance cannot be taken as a consistent or reliable determinant of how anaphors are used in CA, and so Ariel’s claim is not supported by the results of this study. This also indicates that the universality of anaphoric distance, as a criterion of accessibility, is defied.

11

Niedookreślenie, dekonkretyzacja i zmienne językowe – o quasi-tautologicznych układach typu ten i ten, to i to, tak a tak

88%

Żabowska M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2017

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nr 23

115-129

EN

The paper analyses the semantic-syntactic description of expressions of the ten i ten, tak a tak (‘such and such’, ‘so and so’) type. These are not units of language but rather constructions which result from the filling of slots meant for anaphoric pronouns in such arrangements as _i i _i and _i a _i. In contrast to the _i i _j arrangement, the discussed idiomatic constructions express a reference to single elements, and hence are not tautological. The paper formulates the following hypotheses: a) expressions of this kind are used in sentences which refer to a different act of speech (potential or real) but instead of designating an element in the current utterance, they recount a reference made in the adduced utterance; b) the analysed constructions act as “position markers” in a sentence, but despite that, they cannot be interpreted as logical variables because they preserve the characteristics of linguistic expressions.

12

Adesp. 741 K.-A. Some Aspects of Comic Stylistics

88%

Bartol K.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2021

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tom 31

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nr 1

29-34

EN

This article explores the thematic and stylistic function of the anaphora in the anonymous fragment of Old Comedy (741 K.-A.). It also analyses an interpretation of Plutarch’s comment on these lines.

13

On the Grammar of Referential Dependence

88%

Hinzen W.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2016

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tom 46

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nr 1

11-33

EN

All forms of nominal reference, whether quantificational, definite, rigid, deictic, or personal, require that the nominals in question appear in relevant grammatical configurations. Reference is in this sense a grammatical phenomenon. It is never determined lexically or a word-world relation in a purely semantic or causal sense. Here it is further argued that the principles of the grammar of object-reference naturally extend to cases where the reference of one nominal depends on that of another, i.e. the grammar of referential dependence, without any further special grammatical relations such as ‘binding’ required. This further includes a relation of (referential) identity.

14

Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns in Liangmai

88%

Everaert M. , Subbārāo K. V. , Mataina W.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2013

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tom 55

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nr 2

41-47

EN

This paper discusses some aspects of the behavior of anaphors and pronouns in Liangmai, belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family. W e show that Liangmai offers a unique combination of “reflexivization strategies”. Like other languages it exhibits the strategy of reflexivizing the predicate by reduplication of an anaphoric element, but it simultaneously marks the predicate with a self-element. Two more properties of anaphoric properties of Liangmai are interesting from a cross-linguistic perspective. It shows cases of “swapping” - reordering of differently case-marked elements within the complex anaphor - and long-distance binding - allowing an anaphoric element to refer to an element that is not a co-argument.

15

La forme de la litanie comme cadre: le cas du lai et d’autres genres littéraires médiévaux

88%

Kowalska M.

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich

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2016

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tom 59/118 z. 2

31-49

EN

This paper aims to search for the traces of how the meter of lai interferes or cooperates with the form of a litany. The research will be conducted on the basis of medieval French literature from first paraphrases of litanies in vernacular language to popular literary genres like for instance roman, dit, alba to lai included in Mélusine of Coudrette. The question of infinity of the form of litanies — which are the forms established on the repetition and the enumeration — is raised with the conclusion that when the lai differs from the rest of a literary work by the metrical pattern, the sign of the end of the structure, in other examples relatively weak, becomes evident.

16

Self-organising Logic of Structures as a Basis for a Dependency-based Dynamic Semantics Model

75%

Piasecki M.

Cognitive Studies

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2013

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nr 13

EN

Self-organising Logic of Structures as a Basis for a Dependency-based Dynamic Semantics ModelWe present Self-organising Logic of Structures (SLS), a semantic representation language of high expressive power, which was designed for a fully compositional representation of discourse anaphora following the Dynamic Semantics paradigm. The application of SLS to the description of possible meanings of Polish multiple quantifier sentences is discussed. Special attention is paid to the phenomena of: cardinality dependency/independency of Noun Phrase quantifiers and variety of quantification. Semantic representation based on several formal operators is proposed. They can be combined in many different ways, if one takes a purely theoretical perspective. However, in the paper we show that this huge number is practically reduced in the language use and is governed by several constraints motivated by the analysis of Polish language data. The Hypothesis of Local Range of Cardinality Dependency is formulated as an alternative to representations based on quantifier rising technique. SLS provides a multi-layered language description of inter-linked representation of sever antification, reference, presupposition and anaphora.

17

Miejsce świętych w liturgii Kościoła prawosławnego

75%

Charkiewicz J.

Rocznik Teologiczny

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2012

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tom 54

|

nr 1-2

113-152

EN

The saints are constantly present in all service of the Orthodox Church. In the most important service – the Divine Liturgy – they are also mentioned many times in different contexts and with different intention. Remembering saints in Divine Liturgy is multifaceted. When we remember them, we give a honor to the saints, we do it for their memory, we pray for them, but also ask them their prayer before God for us, as well as we thank God for them. All these feeling that the Orthodox Church addresses toward the Heavenly Church, in which the saints play an important role, means that they were, still are and will remain so close connected to the Orthodox spirituality, that without them it is impossible now to imagine the Orthodox church services, and in particular the Divine Liturgy. The most important moment in which the saints are mentioned in the Divine Liturgy is intercessory prayer (intercession) – the final part of the anaphora, as well as the proskomidia. Other important places of the saints presence in this service are also: litanies, antiphons, Small Entrance, troparions, kontakions, Apostolic readings, Gospel readings and dismissals.

PL

Święci są stale obecni we wszystkich nabożeństwach Kościoła prawosławnego. W najważniejszym z nich – św. Liturgii – są również wspominani wielokrotnie, w różnym kontekście i z różną intencją. Wspominanie świętych podczas św. Liturgii posiada bowiem charakter wieloaspektowy. Wspominając świętych, oddajemy im tym samym cześć, czynimy to na ich pamiątkę, modlimy się za nich, ale również prosimy ich o modlitewne wstawiennictwo przed Bogiem oraz dziękujemy za nich Bogu. Całokształt uczuć jakie Kościół prawosławny kieruje ku Kościołowi niebiańskiemu, w której poczesne miejsce zajmują właśnie święci, sprawia, że w byli, są i pozostaną oni zawsze bliscy duchowości prawosławnej, że bez nich nie sposób już sobie wyobrazić prawosławnego nabożeństwa, a w szczególności Liturgii. Najważniejszymi momentami, w których podczas św. Liturgii wspominani są święci to: kończąca anaforę modlitwa wstawiennicza (intercesja) oraz obrzęd wyjmowania cząstek dokonujący się podczas proskomidii. Innymi istotnymi miejscami obecności świętych w tym nabożeństwie są m.in.: litanie, antyfony, Małe Wejście, tropariony, kondakiony, lekcje apostolskie, czytania ewangeliczne, rozesłania.

18

Versatility of 'Continuations' in Discourse Semantics

75%

Dinu A.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2011

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tom Vol. 112, nr 4

263-280

EN

We show in this paper how the computer science concept of ’continuations’, togetherwith categorial grammars and a type shiftingmechanism, is able to account for a wide range of natural language semantic phenomena, such as hierarchical discourse structure, ellipses, accommodation and free-focus and bound-focus anaphora. The merit of continuations in the dynamic semantics framework is that they abstract away from assignment functions that are essential to the formulations of Dynamic Intensional Logic, DynamicMontague Grammar, Dynamic Predicate Logic and Discourse Representation Theory, Thus, continuation style semantic do not pose problems such as the destructive assignment problem in Dynamic Predicate Logic or the variable clash problem in Discourse Representation Theory. We argue that continuations are a versatile and powerful tool, particularly well suited to manipulate scope and long distance dependencies, phenomena that abound in natural language semantics.

19

Discourse interpretation based on dynamic constraints

63%

Piasecki M.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2005

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tom Vol. 15, no. 3

403-414

EN

Our main objective will be to construct a fully compositional representation of nominal anaphora in discourse. The proposed representation is not dependent on the remote ascription (i.e. done outside the formal representation) of syntactic indexes, which identify anaphoric links. A formal language of variable free logic is introduced. It is based on dynamic semantics paradigm and is a variant of many-sorted type logic. We will also present the scope free treatment of quantification in multiple quantifier sentences. The interpretation of multiple quantifiers is defined by means of a construction of the polyadic Generalised Quantifier (GQ). The polyadic GQ is a constraint that should be satisfied by the denotation of a ?clausal? predicate.

20

Are Non-Catholics Worthy to Be Named in Texts of Catholic Anaphora? Some Remarks on No. 121 of Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism

63%

Bugel W.

Roczniki Teologiczne

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2014

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tom 61

|

nr 7: Teologia Ekumeniczna

61-82

EN

The current Directory for the application of principles and norms on ecumenism from 1993 stipulates an exclusion from the anaphora prayers for other than Catholic communities, their representatives and needs, arguing with an “ancient liturgical and ecclesiological tradition.” The paper verifies such convictions on the basis of analysis of liturgical texts of both Roman and Eastern traditions, praxis on the local level and theological arguments. Finally it gives some propositions concerning models for prayers for unity with other Christian Churches within anaphora.

PL

Włączenie się Kościoła katolickiego w ruch ekumeniczny spowodowało liczne zmiany w do-tychczasowej wiekowej praktyce. Dekret o ekumenizmie, pomimo swego uzupełniającego wobec soborowej Konstytucji o Kościele charakteru, musiał być wkrótce uściślany w formie konkretnych instrukcji i wskazówek. Z nich powstało tzw. Dyrektorium ekumeniczne, które też trzeba było dostosowywać do wciąż postępujących osiągnięć dialogów. Obecna jego wersja z 1993 r., uznająca za podstawę działań ekumenicznych nawrócenie i wysiłek modlitewny, zawiera pewne ograniczenia w tym zakresie, jakie wieloletnim ekumenistom wydają się być dyskusyjne. Jednym z nich jest podany w art. 121 zakaz umieszczania próśb za Kościoły chrześcijańskie i ich przedstawicieli w ramach anafory, przy czym dokument powołuje się na „dawną tradycję chrze¬ścijańską w liturgii i eklezjologii”. Takie postawienie sprawy ewokuje szereg pytań, dotyczących zarówno zasadności przytoczonej argumentacji i rugowania z anafory modlitw za jedność, jak też oceny już wcześniej wprowadzonych, za zgodą niektórych biskupów, praktyk tzw. anafory ekumenicznie otwartej. Celem niniejszego studium jest znalezienie na nie odpowiedzi, zwłaszcza z uwzględnieniem badań liturgicznych tradycji rzymskiej w ramach odnowy posoborowej oraz Kościołów wschodnich, oraz postulatów teologii ekumenicznej. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały kilka zasadniczych faktów. Sam tekst art. 121 jest niespójny (odnosi się tak do błogosławieństw, próśb, jak też do anafory), nie uwzględnia rozłożenia pierwiastków strukturalnych w liturgii (zwłaszcza Katolickich Kościołów Wschodnich), a jego umiejscowienie w Dyrektorium w ramach podrozdziału na temat liturgii niesakramentalnej przeczy przyjętym podstawowym klasyfikacjom liturgiki. Posoborowe Modlitwy eucharystyczne liturgii rzymskiej zawierają prośby dotyczące także chrześcijan innych wyznań (oraz wszystkich innych ludzi), choć – poza dodatkowymi prośbami za nowożeńców czy podczas Mszy pogrzebowych – raczej nie przewiduje się wymieniania dodatkowych imion przy wspomnieniu papieża i miejscowego biskupa. Kościoły Wschodnie posługują się ponad 150 anaforami, występującymi w ramach kilku rodzin liturgicznych, pojedyncze zaś wspólnoty eklezjalne strzegą nieraz bardzo zróżnicowanych tradycji, dotyczących również wspominania przedstawicieli innych Kościołów (a tradycje te nieraz zmieniały się na przestrzeni wieków) – jednakże całe to bogactwo zostało w art. 121 Dyrektorium zupełnie pominięte (o ile w ogóle znane było jego autorom). Dlatego powoływanie się na bliżej nieokreśloną „dawną tradycję chrześcijańską”, jaka ma stać się jedynym modelem dla całego konfesyjnie rozumianego Kościoła katolickiego (a więc włącznie z chrześcijanami tradycji wschodnich), uznać należy za nieprzekonywujące, niedorzeczne, a nawet budzące podejrzenia o próbę konfesjonalizacji i uniformizmu. Zamiast tego w tekście zarysowano pewne możliwości praktycznego uzupełniania ekumenicznych „braków” w ramach obecnie stosowanych Modlitw eucharystycznych.