Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Organic waste used in agricultural biogas plants

100%

Kazimierowicz J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2014

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tom Vol. 15, nr 2

88--92

EN

Treatment of organic waste is an ecological and economical problem. Searching method for disposal of these wastes, interest is methane fermentation. The use of this process in agricultural biogas plants allows disposal of hazardous waste, obtaining valuable fertilizer, while the production of ecologically clean fuel – biogas. The article presents the characteristics of organic waste from various industries, which make them suitable for use as substrates in agricultural biogas plants.

2

Using Sawdust to Treat Synthetic Municipal Wastewater and Its Consequent Transformation Into Biogas

100%

Abudi Z. N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 19, nr 5

10--18

EN

Sawdust, as an agricultural waste which is highly efficient, readily available, and relatively inexpensive, has the potential to be an applicable alternative adsorbent for the total organic carbon (TOC) removal from synthetic domestic wastewater. This study aims firstly to investigate the feasibility of sawdust as a new adsorbent and understand its adsorption mechanism for TOC. The impact of particle size, pH, contact time, and temperature has been evaluated as the controlling factors on the adsorption process. The results presented that the removal efficiency rose with the decrease of particle size, pH, and temperature, as well as the increase of the contact time. The maximum adsorption was obtained at particle size of 0.05 mm, pH of 1, contact time of 1.5 h, and temperature of 15°C, respectively. The second aim of this study is to utilize the sawdust that is used in the adsorption process as biomass in batch anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce methane. Spent sawdust was characterized by the methane production which was 5.9 times greater than in the case of raw sawdust. Four operating parameters were checked, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N), inoculation, particle size, and total solid (TS) content. The batch results indicated that the optimum parameters were: 20%, 30%, 2 mm, and 15%, respectively.

3

Energetic Potential of Coffee Waste from Anaerobic Digestion and Combustion

100%

Ait Lhaj Lahcen S. , Ibn Ahmed S. , Lahboubi N. , El Bari H.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 2

138--145

EN

Coffee is present in every street in the world and is without a doubt one of the most consumed beverages. Moreover, it is the third most consumed drink in the world. Recent estimations from the International Coffee Organization put. The world coffee production at about 6 million tons per year. Its uncontrolled disposal can cause environmental problems, but if handled properly, it can be processed into pellets, and used as an energy source. In the present study, the production of energy from coffee waste (CW) is an interesting alternative to traditional production lines. The objective of this study is to calculate the energetic potential (Ep), which can be generated by anaerobic digestion (AD) and thermochemical conversion (TC), of the organic fraction of CW in the city of Kenitra, Morocco. An elementary analysis allows us to estimate the calorific value by the TC. The lower and higher calorific values were estimated to be: 18.71 and 20.28 MJ/Kg, respectively. Ep results by AD and CT were 0.25 and 1.3 MWh/t, respectively.

4

Modelling of a batch anaerobic digestion

100%

Szewczyk K. , Bukowski J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2008

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tom 10

|

nr 1

45-48

EN

The Anaerobic Digestion Model no 1 (ADM1) has been implemented to simulate batch fermentation. The pH changes and inhibition of the fermentation have been studied. The model has been used to investigate the effects of substrate composition and concentration as well as the composition of the microorganism population on the course of fermentation. The overload of a reactor has been discussed.

5

Anaerobic digestion as an option of the end-of-life phase of bio-based products in the light of the EU regulations

100%

Gołaszewski J.

Eco-Energetics : technologies, environment, law and economy

|

2019

|

tom T. 2

35--46

EN

A distinguishing feature of the sustainable bioeconomy is multi-product biomass processing in the form of a closed circulation of matter and energy, in addition to a life cycle assessment that includes end-of-life options of a product and restitution of the environment. This approach is in-line with the good practice principles of sustainable development. However, the market of bio-based products grows faster than its legal regulation. Gaps in the regulations pertaining to standardisation, certification and labelling mean that bio-based products and their processing technologies may not adhere to the guidelines of sustainable development (“greenwashing”). In the European Union, the only standard addressing criteria of sustainable development with respect to bio-based products is the standard CEN-TC411 EN 16751:2016. In the context of anaerobic fermentation and its products as an option of the end-of-life phase of a bio-base product, the applicable regulations are contained in the technical report CEN-TC411 TR 16957:2016, Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC, and several intermediate regulations concerning the utilisation of water, energy efficiency, agricultural production and processing, circulation of nitrogen in the environment, storage and disposal, and others.

6

Determination of quantity of biogas from sewage sludge

100%

Sikora J. , Jakubowski T. , Płaczek M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2018

|

tom nr IV/1

1087--1097

EN

Renewable energy sources have been amongst crucial elements of the European Union policy for a long time. Currently, they have become significant in terms of possibilities of the technology development, which may limit the effects and duration of the economic, energy and climatic crisis. The Directive 2009/28/EC obliges the increase of the share of Renewable Energy Sources in the final energy consumption up to 20% (in Poland up to 15%) by 2020. Sewage sludge is waste that significantly affects the aspects of environment. The research considered the rationality of using the waste for the production of biomethane. The purpose of the work was to determine the dynamics of biogas production from sewage sludge of municipal origin. Its scope included a review of the literature based on the Polish and European law. Issues of technology, production and use of biogas and residue were presented. The research was based on determining the properties of sewage sludge - raw and after stabilization, and carrying out a fermentation process for a period of 30 days. The validity of using sewage sludge as substrate for biogas production was confirmed.

7

Wykorzystanie odpadów biodegradowalnych do produkcji biogazu jako alternatywnego źródła energii odnawialnej

100%

Owczuk M. , Wardzińska D. , Zamojska-Jaroszewicz A. , Matuszewska A.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2013

|

tom 11

|

nr 3

133-144

EN

Waste products from the agriculture industry and other sectors are creating a waste problem with a negative environmental impact. Such effects can be minimized by further processing methods. One method, which is gaining increased importance around the world, is anaerobic digestion, for which biodegradable waste is a valuable source of raw material (Ryckebosch et al. 2011; Deublein, Steinhauser 2008). The paper discusses the technological process of biogas production, as well as the most commonly used methods of purification and refining. It also identifies the potential ways of using the resulting product (CHP, biofuels).

8

Use of biogas biscuit meal EKPO-EB for agricultural biogas plant for substitution of energy crops utilization with organic waste

100%

Chamrádová K. , Rusín J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 17, nr 3

40--46

EN

A laboratory experiment of two-stage mesophilic, low-dry mass, anaerobic digestion was carried out, focused on verifying the benefit of processing the biscuit meal EKPO-EB instead of triticale silage Agostino (GPS) and corn silage LG3266 in a regular batch for the agricultural biogas station in Pustějov. While anaerobic digestion of ensilages is largely difficult due to the content of lignocellulose, biscuit meal provides a high yield of biogas or methane, respectively, thanks to its high content of simple saccharides and lipids. When the original GPS (or the replacement EKPO-EB, respectively) represented 0.81% of weight of the daily input mixture dose for the first stage, the rise in volumetric methane production was 20% which is significant. The biscuit meal EKPO-EB decomposes almost completely in the first stage. Later, when the EKPO-EB represented 1.63% of weight of the daily input mixture dose for the first stage, the rise in volumetric methane production was 54% in the first stage and 16% in the second stage.

9

Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) as a Potential Material for Biogas Production

100%

Cong N. V. , Thanh T. V. , Kha L. T. M. , Hoang N. X.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 6

182--188

EN

This study evaluated the biogas production potential of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) by batch anaerobic digestion under in-vitro conditions. Twenty-one litre-plastic jars were used to conduct 4 replications over 75 days. The results showed that solution temperature, pH and Eh were suitable for biogas production. More than 50% of the obtained CH4 was formed within 17–42 days after incubation. The maximum daily CH4 production was 0.052 L/gVS, whilst the daily H2S concentration was low, with a maximum value of 28 ppm within 14–21 d after incubation. Moreover, the peak of daily biogas production was seen at day 16 with production of 0.12 L/gVS. The results highlight that water lettuce biomass can be potentially used to produce high quality biogas in anaerobic incubation.

10

Use of biogas biscuit meal EKPO-EB for agricultural biogas plant for substitution of energy crops utilization with organic waste

100%

Chamrádová K. , Rusín J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2015

|

tom 17

|

nr 3

40-46

EN

A laboratory experiment of two-stage mesophilic, low-dry mass, anaerobic digestion was carried out, focused on verifying the benefit of processing the biscuit meal EKPO-EB instead of triticale silage Agostino (GPS) and corn silage LG3266 in a regular batch for the agricultural biogas station in Pustějov. While anaerobic digestion of ensilages is largely difficult due to the content of lignocellulose, biscuit meal provides a high yield of biogas or methane, respectively, thanks to its high content of simple saccharides and lipids. When the original GPS (or the replacement EKPO-EB, respectively) represented 0.81% of weight of the daily input mixture dose for the first stage, the rise in volumetric methane production was 20% which is significant. The biscuit meal EKPO-EB decomposes almost completely in the first stage. Later, when the EKPO-EB represented 1.63% of weight of the daily input mixture dose for the first stage, the rise in volumetric methane production was 54% in the first stage and 16% in the second stage.

11

Numerical modelling of heat loss through the cover in the anaerobic digester

100%

Rynkowski P.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2018

|

tom nr 2

18--29

EN

Anaerobic digestion is the biological degradation of biomass in oxygen-free environments. The main product of this process is biogas, rich in CH4 and CO2. Understanding the heat loss characteristic of biogas digester (BD) is important to put these technologies into application. Biogas digester may obtain assumed gas production in cold environmental when the optimal fermentation temperature is maintained. It requires heating system and insulation technologies. Here 2-D axisymmetric steady heat transfer model coupled with surrounding soil was built to calculate heat loss of HBD for a real biogas plant located in north-eastern Poland. A sample to determine the effect of air flow between the membranes of the BD cover on the heat losses has been presented.

12

Bio-methanization of organic fraction from municipal solid waste: temperature effects

88%

Fernández-Rodríguez J. , Pérez M. , Romero L. I.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2013

|

tom 15

|

nr 2

99-106

EN

The main objective of this study was to analyse the development of dry anaerobic digestion process of OFMSW in batch reactors under two temperature ranges, thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (35°C). The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the thermophilic range has a greater rate of hydrolysis and is therefore more effective to degrade wastes, shortening the overall operating time. For example, the hydrolytic step in the thermophilic (T) process lasted an average of 8 days versus 14 days in the mesophilic (M) range. The methanogenic phase lasted for 18 and 29 days in the T and M processes, respectively. The mesophilic range showed higher removal of the organic effluent but with greater uptime requirements. Moreover, the thermophilic range showed greater productivities than the mesophilic range, and the productivities were approximately doubled in terms of the produced biogas from a given amount of consumed organic matter.

13

Kinetic Modeling of Methane Production from the Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Sludge from a Treatment Plant in Kenitra, Morocco

88%

Lihi K. , Auajjar N. , Nizar Y. , Attarassi B.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 1

165--174

EN

It is necessary to understand the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge and to find an adequate strategy to improve the efficiency of methane production. In this work, the production of methane and detailed properties of sludge are determined. The physico-chemical parameters of the digester 1 'D1' and the digester 2 'D2' remain in the optimal range of AD stability with a median value of pH (7.82; 7.93); Temperature (36.70; 37.10°C); alkalinity (3.52; 3.58 g/L); and volatile fatty acids (0.47; 0.52 g/L), respectively. This paper focuses on the performance optimization of the methane production by kinetic models of two continuous digesters in a wastewater treatment plant in Kenitra City, Morocco. Mathematical models used in anaerobic digestion are: Modified Gompertz, transference functions, and logistics functions. These kinetic models have benefitted experimental methane production for both digesters. Results show that all the models used are appropriate to optimize the kinetic parameters for producing methane, showing that the transference function is the most suitable model for predicting kinetic results.

14

Effect of the two-stage thermal disintegration and anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge on the COD fractions

88%

Ciaciuch A. , Gaca J. , Lelewer K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 19, nr 3

130--135

EN

The research presents the changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions during the two-stage thermal disintegration and anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Four COD fractions have been separated taking into account the solubility of substrates and their susceptibility to biodegradation: inert soluble organic matter SI, readily biodegradable substrate SS, slowly biodegradable substrates XS and inert particulate organic material XI. The results showed that readily biodegradable substrates SS (46.8% of total COD) and slowly biodegradable substrates XS (36.1% of total COD) were dominant in the raw sludge effluents. In sewage effluents after two-stage thermal disintegration, the percentage of SS fraction increased to 90% of total COD and percentage of XS fraction decreased to 8% of total COD. After AD, percentage of SS fraction in total COD decreased to 64%, whereas the percentage of other fractions in effluents increased.

15

Thermophilic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Brewery Spent Grain

88%

Lebiocka M. , Montusiewicz A. , Szaja A. , Rembisz S. , Nowakowska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 20, nr 10

118--124

EN

This study examined the effectiveness of thermophilic co-digestion of sewage sludge and milled/non-milled brewery spent grain. The experiments were performed in batch-mode to evaluate both the biogas potential and the biogas production rate. Five runs were carried out, one of them concerned the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (as control), whereas the others referred to the co-digestion of sewage sludge with addition of milled and nonmilled brewery spent grain at doses of 5 and 10 g. The runs were conducted under thermophilic conditions (temperature 55±1°C) and lasted for 21 days. The effectiveness of the process was assessed on the basis of the volatile solids removal, biogas potential and the rate of biogas production. The physiochemical composition of reactor feed and digestate were characterized. The addition of the brewery spent grain resulted in increase of the biogas potential, but a decrease in the volatile solids removal. In the case of biogas production rate, the highest value was recorded in the run with the addition of 10 g of milled and non-milled brewery spent grain (0.69 Ndm3dm-3d-1). There was no observed influence of milling on the thermophilic co-digestion effectiveness since the parameters specified revealed comparable values.

16

Facilities and problems of processing organic wastes by family-type biogas plants in Ukraine

88%

Voytovych I. , Malovanyy M. , Zhuk V. , Mukha O.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

tom no. 45

185--189

EN

The potential of organic wastes in Ukraine for biogas production and the prospects of using the family-type biogas plants for this purpose are shown. In the biogas laboratory of the Ukrainian National Forestry University the efficiency of the anaerobic mesophilic digestion of chicken manure of Poltava poultry farm, Kamianets-Podilsky poultry farm and sewage sludge from Lviv wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated. Different integral indicators of the biogas production and significantly different dynamics of its formation over time were obtained for three investigated substrates. The value of average specific biogas production from the sewage sludge of Lviv WWTP is 0.494 dm3∙(day∙kg FM)–1, which is 5.1 times more comparing the chicken manure of Kamianets-Podilsky poultry farm and 8.0 times more than for the chicken manure of Poltava poultry farm. Strong negative effect of antibiotic treatment of chickens on methane content in the obtained biogas was established experimentally.

17

Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw Pretreated with Soaking in Water and Alkali Medium

88%

Zdeb M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 9

246--254

EN

The influence of the alkaline pretreatment of wheat straw with use 0.05M solution of NaOH by 22 hours at 25 °C temperature on the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion under mesophilic condition was the subject of this study. The water soaked straw was used as a control. The results showed that alkaline pretreatment improved the solubility of the straw biomass, increasing dissolved COD and concentration of VFA in the feedstock of 10% and 21%, respectively, compared to the water soaked samples. Consequently, the cumulative biogas yield was enhanced by 21.5%, reaching 412.1 mL gVS-1 for the pretreated biomass. The digestates were similar in terms of TS and VS, but it significantly differed in terms of phenols concentration, the content of which was considerably higher both in the feedstock as also as in digestate containing alkaline pretreated straw. Initial concentration of phenols in the feedstock of 27 mg L-1 did not block the anaerobic digestion, although its inhibiting effect is forecasted. It was concluded that soaking the straw at low loading of NaOH (4% of raw mass (w/w)) under ambient conditions can efficiently improve its usability for biogas production.

18

Bio-methanization of organic fraction from municipal solid waste: temperature effects

88%

Fernández-Rodríguez J. , Pérez M. , Romero L. I.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2013

|

tom Vol. 15, nr 2

99–106

EN

The main objective of this study was to analyse the development of dry anaerobic digestion process of OFMSW in batch reactors under two temperature ranges, thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (35°C). The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the thermophilic range has a greater rate of hydrolysis and is therefore more effective to degrade wastes, shortening the overall operating time. For example, the hydrolytic step in the thermophilic (T) process lasted an average of 8 days versus 14 days in the mesophilic (M) range. The methanogenic phase lasted for 18 and 29 days in the T and M processes, respectively. The mesophilic range showed higher removal of the organic effluent but with greater uptime requirements. Moreover, the thermophilic range showed greater productivities than the mesophilic range, and the productivities were approximately doubled in terms of the produced biogas from a given amount of consumed organic matter.

19

Wykorzystanie reaktorów beztlenowych jako pierwszego stopnia oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu spożywczego

88%

Gozdek K. , Heichman B.

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2007

|

tom Nr 1 (28)

41-44

PL

Problem oczyszczania wysokoobciążonych ścieków z przetwórstwa rolno — spożywczego nadal jest w Polsce nierozwiązany. Stosowane dotychczas układy biologicznego oczyszczania tych ścieków oparte są głównie o metodę osadu czynnego, która w wielu wypadkach oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych stwarza po ważne problemy eksploatacyjne. Alternatywną metodą biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń w ściekach przemysłowych jest zastosowanie fermentacji metanowej. Technologie beztlenowe stają się obecnie jedną z najpopularniejszych metod oczyszczania i pozwalają na rozwiązanie problemu ekologicznego, jakim jest zagospodarowanie wysokostężonych ścieków oraz prowadzą również do osiągnięcia istotnych korzyści ekonomicznych wynikających z pozyskiwania wysokoenergetycznego gazu fermentacyjnego.

20

Process Performance of Thermophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Orange Peel

88%

Szaja A. , Golianek P. , Kamiński M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 8

66--76

EN

In the present study, the process performance of anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge and orange peel (OP) was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in batch mode under thermophilic conditions (55 °C). It involved adding 1.5 and 3.0 g of OP to reactors R2 and R3, respectively. In R1 (control reactor), the mono-digestion of sewage sludge was conducted. The obtained results indicated that the application of OP led to deterioration of process efficiency. Decreased methane and biogas productions were noticed at both doses of OP. The average values of methane production were 518.9, 416.8 and 458.6 mLCH4·g-1 VS in R1, R2 and R3, respectively. The declining tendency on the biogas and methane rates was also observed. The application of OP resulted in degradation of the stability parameters. The negative effect of OP application was related with the presence of inhibitors such as ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, limonene and phenol, importantly theirs increased contents were observed in R2 and R3. Moreover, the thermophilic conditions are not recommended for the anaerobic co-digestion of those substrates, because they might accelerate the inhibition phenomenon.