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Selected issues of anaerobic digestion based on the studies on hydrogen- and methane yielding bioreactors

100%

Sikora A. , Detman A. , Chojnacka A. , Mielecki D.

tom T. 2

129--134

Anaerobic digestion of organic matter results from the metabolic activity of many groups of microorganisms. Interactions between microorganisms during acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, source of inoculum, type of feedstock and operational conditions determine metabolic pathways in bioreactors and consequently the efficiency of fermentation processes. In innovative installations it is desirable to separate acidogenesis from acetogenesis and methanogenesis to favour respectively the production of biohydrogen or biomethane under controlled conditions.

Assessment of groundwater contamination around reclaimed municipal landfill – Otwock area, Poland

100%

Porowska D.

tom Vol. 15, nr 4

69--81

The research was conducted around reclaimed landfill, located on the suburb of Otwock, around 25 km south-west of Warsaw. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition of groundwater and to determine the landfill impact on the chemical composition of groundwater downgrading from the landfill. Otwock landfill is located in very permeable area, where leachate quickly seeps into ground-water and plays a key role in controlling redox condition (and chemical composition of groundwater) of the downgradient area. High concentrations of HCO3-,Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fetot. as well as DOC in groundwater downgradient from the landfill (in comparison to background water) likely indicate that groundwater quality is being significantly affected by leachate percolation. Currently, the load of contamination is released from landfill periodically and slowly moves (70 m/y) in the aquifer along the flow direction. The effect of distance of the piezometer from the pollution source was also investigated. As expected, water from the nearest piezometer to the land-fill showed the highest values of contaminant (water temperature, specific electrical conductivity, sodium, iron, chlorides (except for summer and autumn analysis) and calcium (except for winter analysis)). Chemical status of groundwater downgradient from the landfill is poor.

Disintegration of biological sludge. A comparison between ozone oxidation and ultrasonic pretreatment

72%

Erden G. , Filibeli A.

tom Vol. 45, nr 3

55--67

The effects of ozone oxidation and ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic sludge bio-processing have been studied. Ultrasound (9690 kJ/kg total solids (TS) of specific energy) and ozone (0.1 g O3/kg TS) were applied to sludge samples preceding anaerobic sludge digestion for disintegration purpose. Organic matter reduction and methane production were measured, as well as physicochemical characteristics (pH, alkalinity, and particles size) and dewatering characteristics of sludge during semi-batch anaerobic digestion. For each treatment, 5 days of sludge retention time were applied on mesophilic conditions for 30 days operation period. The highest volatile solids reduction was obtained with ozone oxidation. Moreover, disintegrated sludge with ozone oxidation and ultrasonic pretreatment provided 55% and 49% higher methane production comparing to the raw sludge, respectively. In terms of dewatering characteristics of digested sludge, ultrasonic treatment led to an increase in the sludge’s resistance to dewatering. This negative effect was not observed in ozone oxidation.

Anaerobowe oczyszczanie ścieków

72%

Łuczyszyn J. , Masłoń A. , Tomaszek J. A.

tom z. 58, nr 4

171-187

W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia anaerobowego oczyszczania ścieków oraz klasyfikację anaerobowych reaktorów wykorzystywanych do oczyszczania ścieków. Dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa na temat stanu badań nad oczyszczaniem ścieków w warunkach anaerobowych.

Issues anaerobic wastewater treatment and classification of anaerobic reactors used for wastewater treatment was presented in this paper. Also performed a of studies on wastewater treatment in anaerobic conditions.