Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Mutual relations between the amygdala and pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β and IL-6

100%

Czerwiec K. , Ruciński J. , Piwko G. , Myślińska D. , Kosiński A.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

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2022

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tom 5

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nr 1

40-46

EN

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are typical examples of multfunctonal pro-infammatory cytokines involved in the regulaton of the immune response, hematopoiesis, and infammaton. Both peripheral and intraventricular administraton of these cytokines causes acute phase symptoms, e.g. fever, actvaton of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and psychological depression. The amygdala belongs to the structures of the limbic system involved in the regulaton of the immune response. Increased actvity of immune system may lead to changes in the role of amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex or insula. The aim of the study was to present the mutual interactons between the amygdala and pro-infammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1 beta) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Most of the data included in this review comes from animal studies.

2

A human robot interaction by a model of the emotional learning in the brain

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Sonoh S. , Aou S. , Horio K. , Tamukoh H. , Koga T. , Yamakawa T.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2010

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tom Vol. 4, No. 2

48-54

EN

In this paper, we proposed an emotional expression system as a brain-inspired system. The emotional expression was achieved by an Emotional expression Model of the Amygdala (EMA), which was an engineering model inspired by an emotional learning in the brain. EMA can realize both recognition of sensory inputs and a classical conditioning of emotional inputs. Furthermore, a specific hardware of EMA was developed with a massively parallel architecture by using an FPGA, and achieved a calculation speed that is over 20 times faster than an embedded general-purpose computer. Finally, we confirmed an effectiveness of a human-robot interaction with the emotions, which were generated by the proposed emotional expression system.

3

An explorative study on media effects in vocabulary learning

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Giessen H.

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tom 43

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nr 4

DE

Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.

EN

This article deals with the best media or media adequate ways to memorize vocabulary. An empirical study is presented in which test persons had to memorize vocabulary in an unknown language in three different ways. Thus, three experimental groups were presented Hungarian vocabulary to be learnt. The first group learnt a vocabulary list from a sheet of paper, the second one from the computer monitor, but without any animation, and the third one from an animated flash file. In the present article, the results of this study are reported and discussed.

FR

L'article contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.

4

Neurobiology of infant attachment: unique role of the locus coeruleus and amygdala supporting learning

88%

Sullivan R. M.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 5

5

A morphometric study of the amygdala in the guinea pig

88%

Rowniak M. , Robak A. , Szteyn S. , Bogus-Nowakowska K. , Wasilewska B. , Najdzion J.

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tom 64

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nr 3

151-160

EN

The characteristic features of guinea pig amygdala (CA), as shown by volumetric comparisons of the individual nuclei, are the poor development of the basolateral (BL) and lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) nuclei as well as the strong formation of the lateral (LA) and basomedial (BM) nuclei. The central (CE), cortical (CO) and medial (ME) nuclei also appear to be well represented in this species. All these features are even more pronounced when the total number of neurons in the nuclei referred to was taken into consideration. A comparison of the densities of neurons in the individual nuclei with the mean numerical density of cells in the guinea pig CA indicates that the densities of neurons in LA, BL, BM, CE and CO are significantly lower than the mean (p < 0.05), whereas in the ME and NLOT these values are significantly higher than the mean (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy, that the densities of the neurons in CE and CO do not differ statistically from each other (p > 0.05) and are significantly higher than the respective values in LA, BL and BM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a similar division of the guinea pig CA may to some extent be made using the size parameters of the amygdaloid neurons as a marker. Interestingly, the large neurons populate organised CA areas like LA, BL and BM less densely, whereas the small cells create ME and NLOT, where the neurons are densely arranged. CE and CO occupy intermediate positions, with the neurons similar in size to the mean for the guinea pig CA.

6

A morphometric study of the amygdala in the common shrew

88%

Rowniak M. , Szteyn S. , Robak A.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

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tom 63

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nr 4

EN

The characteristic features of the common shrew amygdala (CA), as shown by volumetric comparisons of the individual nuclei, are the poor development of the lateral (LA) and basomedial (BM) nuclei as well as the particularly strong formation of the basolateral (BL) and lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) nuclei. The central (CE), cortical (CO) and medial (ME) nuclei are also well organised in this species. All these features are even more distinctly visible when the total number of neurons in the nuclei referred to are compared. A comparison of the densities of neurons in the individual nuclei with the mean numerical density of cells in the CA indicates that there are the 3 different regions within the common shrew’s CA. The densities of neurons in the LA, BL, and BM are significantly lower than the mean density of cells in the CA (p < 0.05). In the CE this value does not differ from the mean (p > 0.05). In the CO, ME and NLOT the density values are significantly higher than the mean (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a similar division of the shrew’s CA can, to some extent, be performed using the size parameters of the amygdaloid neurons as a marker. Interestingly, the large neurons populate less densely organised CA areas like the LA, BL and BM, whereas the small cells populate the ME and NLOT, where the neurons are densely arranged. The CE and CO occupy intermediate positions, with the neurons similar in size to the mean for the shrew’s CA.

7

Convergence of differentially processed inputs in the primate amygdala

75%

Gothard K.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 5

8

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala only impair flavor aversion learning in the absence of olfactory information

75%

Aguera A. D. R. , Puerto A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2015

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tom 75

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nr 4

EN

The amygdala is considered a crucial brain nucleus in different modalities of aversive conditioning, including flavor aversion learning (FAL). The importance attributed to the amygdala and its subnuclei has frequently depended on the different stimuli and procedures used in FAL tasks. In this study, FAL was impaired only in animals that had lesions in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) area and also had their olfactory bulbs removed. However, this task was learned by neurologically intact animals, bulbectomized animals, and rats with lesions exclusively centered in the CeA area alone. These results suggest that the CeA area may be relevant in gustatory-gut associative learning but not in FAL, in which the olfactory system may counteract the deficit produced in taste-visceral convergence.

9

Developmental changes of morphology in the basolateral complex of the rabbit amygdala

75%

Jagalska-Majewska H. , Luczynska A. , Wojcik S. , Dziewiatkowski J. , Kurlapska R. , Morys J.

Folia Morphologica

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2003

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tom 62

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nr 3

227-230

EN

The aim of the present study is to follow topographical and morphological changes in the development of the amygdaloid basolateral complex (BLC) in the rabbit. The material consists of 35 brains of New Zealand rabbits of both sexes, divided into 7 age groups (P2–P90). In cresyl violet preparations BLC is already well visible on P2 and is composed of the lateral (divided into dorsolateral and ventromedial divisions), basolateral and homogenous basomedial nuclei. On about the 7th postnatal day it is possible to divide the basomedial nucleus (BM) into dorsal (Bmd) and ventral (BMv) divisions. The topography and subdivisions set on P7 are maintained in further periods of life. The morphology of neurons (shape, dendrites, staining) changes significantly until P21 in all BLC nuclei. Our results indicate that BLC achieves morphological maturity relatively late, which is probably connected with a long creation of emotional memory and regulation of emotional behaviour.

10

Theory of Mind and Empathy. Part I - Model of Social Emotional Thinking

75%

Przybyszewski A. W. , Polkowski L. T.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2017

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tom Vol. 150, nr 2

221--230

EN

There are two very different approaches to understand functioning of the brain. First, there is a huge progress in the research of the neurological and neurophysiological properties of different brain substructures, circuits, networks, single cells, synapses and their molecular properties. It contributes to the progress of research in the fields of basic medical sciences and the dramatic increase in average life expectancy. On the another side that does not directly follows neurological developments, it is our introspection related to individual ways of thinking in order to solve different problems that also involve human creativity (cognitive theory of mind). We use many diverse ways of thinking, and they depend on different circumstances. Especially interesting are influences of intuition, feelings and emotions on our creativity, which is in a large part are also related to the social interactions (affective empathy). In this work, we formalise emotional scales and transfer of emotions between individuals (social emotional thinking). We also demonstrate a continuity of the emotion transfer mappings, and an importance of the interactions between emotional faces. It is not only human specific to show and to react to face emotions, but strong and wide human social interactions are based on the precise emotional social thinking. By measuring critical values of face deformations that may influence mutual emotions, we can test precision and tolerance of human visual and emotional systems. By introduction indiscernibility relations between individual reading of face parts deformation, we have used rough set theory to probe social emotional thinking. As one of us have demonstrated that the visual system has properties that follows rough set theory (cognitive theory of mind), this work extends this concept to the social emotional interactions (cognitive and affective theory of mind). As in modern world IT - information technology - has became driving factor in the process of globalisation by creating effective channels of information exchange; hence it becomes extremely important to analyse emotional meaning (cognitive empathy) for this vast information flow. By using as described here, rough set theory to determine, which parts of information have significant emotional influence, our model may give grounds to increase the collective well-being.

11

Anatomic heterogeneity of the rat amygdaloid complex

75%

Pitkanen A. , Jolkkonen E. , Kemppainen S.

Folia Morphologica

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2000

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tom 59

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nr 1

EN

The amygdala is a nuclear complex composed of 13 nuclei and cortical areas and their subdivisions. Tract-tracing studies performed over the past 20 years demonstrate that each nucleus is uniquely connected with other brain areas. Consistent with anatomic heterogeneity, the functions of the amygdala vary from attention to memory to formation of emotional responses to sensory stimuli. Here, we briefly review the principles of amygdaloid neuronal wiring that underlie the computations necessary to perform such complex behavioural functions.

12

The influence of open field exposure on neurons containing nitric oxide synthase in the basolateral complex and paracapsular intercalated nerve cells of the rat amygdala

75%

Ludkiewicz B. , Klejbor I. , Domaradzka-Pytel B. , Wojcik S. , Luczynska A. , Badowska-Szalewska E. , Dziewiatkowski J. , Morys J.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

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tom 63

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nr 4

EN

Our intention in the present study was to ascertain whether NO-producing cells in the basolateral complex (BLC) and paracapsular intercalated nerve cell groups (Ip) of the amygdala are activated in the open field (OF) test. The material consisted of 8 adult rat brains. The OF test was applied throughout 10 min and 90 min before the death of the animals. The brain sections were double stained using the antibodies against c-Fos (marker of neuronal activation) and against nitric oxide synthase (NOS — marker of NO-producing cells). The neurons containing NOS and those revealing c-Fos activity constituted distinct populations within both the BLC and Ip but NOS-immunoreactive fibres often surrounded the c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons. Our results suggest that (1) neurons of the basolateral complex of the amygdala and paracapsular intercalated islands are involved but probably not crucial for the open field stress response and (2) NOS-immunoreactive cells in the BLC and Ip are not activated after OF exposure.

13

Bioelectrical activity of the amygdala of rats under conditions of chronic alcoholism and imbalance of nitric oxide

63%

Severynovska O. , Babicheva V. , Galinskiiy A. , Rudenko A. , Bogatyreva O. , Boyko M.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 49

EN

Evaluation of biopotentials in the region of the amygdala of rats in the combined influence of alcohol and drugs, causing an imbalance of nitric oxide is described in this paper. Chronic alcoholism leads to structural morphological changes in the liver. A study of the amplitude of electrical activity showed that the electrical potential in the amygdala after 8 weeks chronic alcoholism was lower compared with normal rats. The frequency spectrum analysis showed decreased in the 2 times or more absolute spectral powers of all components. The relative spectral powers of its components: δ: θ: α: β was as a 2: 2: 2: 4. The use of sodium nitroprusside (donator of NO) together with the chronic consumption of ethanol reduces the effect of ethanol on low and high-frequence portion the performance of the bioelectrical activities spectrum in the amygdala. The use of non-selective blocker of NO-synthase – nitroarginine aggravated by the braking action of alcohol. The important role of nitric oxide in the development of adaptive-compensatory reactions of the damaged body is described. Our results may be useful to assess the contribution of NO in operation amygdala, conditions of chronic pathologies, and treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions, including diseases caused by alcohol abuse.

14

In search of memory's trace:the case of visual imprinting

63%

Horn G.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 5

15

The immunoreactivity of c-Fos, NGF and its receptor TrkA after open-field exposure in the central and medial nuclei of the rat amygdala

63%

Badowska-Szalewska E. , Ludkiewicz B. , Domaradzka-Pytel B. , Dziewiatkowski J. , Spodnik J. H. , Morys J.

Folia Morphologica

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2006

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tom 65

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nr 2

145-151

EN

The amygdala is a critical component of the neuroanatomical stress circuit. It plays a role in the generation of responses to emotional stimuli. The central (CeA) and medial (MeA) amygdaloid nuclei are implicated in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The immunoreactivity (-ir) of c-Fos, NGF and its receptor, TrkA, following acute and chronic open-field stress were studied in the CeA and MeA nuclei of the amygdala. The material consisted of 21 male adult rats divided into three groups: non-stressed (control) animals, rats exposed to acute (once only lasting 15 min) and chronic (15 min daily over 21 days) aversive stimulation (open-field exposure). The brains were stained with the use of immunohistochemical methods for c-Fos, NGF or TrkA. In the control rats c-Fos-, TrkA- and NGF-ir cells were observed in the nuclei studied, but the quantity varied, being moderate or high (immunoreactive to TrkA and NGF) or low (immunoreactive to c-Fos). In the animals exposed to acute open-field stress the number of c-Fos-ir, NGF-ir and TrkA-ir cells in the nuclei under examination was differentiated but higher than that in the control animals. In the animals exposed to chronic open-field stress the number of c-Fos-ir cells in the nuclei studied was similar and was smaller than those in animals exposed to acute stress. The number of TrkA-ir neurons was also lower in comparison to that in animals exposed to acute stress. However, no significant differences in the number of NGF-ir cells were observed between the groups exposed to acute and chronic stress. Diverse expression of c-Fos protein following both acute and chronic stress stimulation may prove the functional heterogeneity of the amygdaloid nuclei investigated. The decrease observed in both c-Fos- and TrkA-ir in MeA (only TrkA in CeA) of animals exposed to chronic stress may indicate the phenomenon of habituation.

16

Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist differentially inhibits freezing behavior and changes gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic activity in the amygdala in low- and high-anxiety rats

63%

Skorzewska A. , Wislowska-Stanek A. , Lehner M. , Turzynska D. , Sobolewska A. , Krzascik P. , Plaznik A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 1

17

Effects of intra-amygdaloid TRH injections on motor activity and dominant-submissive behavior in rats competing for water

63%

Pucilowski O. , Trzaskowska E. , Jankowska E. , Kostowski W. , Kupryszewski G.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1990

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tom 41

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nr 1-3

EN

Puciłowski O., Trzaskowska E., Jankowska E., Kostowski W., Kupryszewski G.: Effects of intra-amygdaloid TRH injections on motor activity and dominant-submissive behavior in rats competing for water. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1990, 41(1-3); 71-77. The effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) microinjections into the central amygdala (10 g in 0.5 1 into each side) on locomotor activity, water intake and dominance behavior in a water competition test was investigated in male Wistar rats. TRH increased the general motility without altering the number of rearings. Intra-amygdaloid TRH injection to submissive rats resulted in a loss ol subordinate position in these animals in the water competition test. A tendency to decrease dominance followed the injection оf the peptide to the dominant animals. The effect of TRH in the dominance test does not appear to involve influence on the thirst drive as microinjection of the peptide did not change significantly the water consumption in thirsty rats.

18

Development and maturation of parvalbumin and calbindin in intercalated cells of the rat amygdala

63%

Berdel B. , Maciejewska B. , Domaradzka-Pytel B. , Morys J.

Folia Morphologica

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1998

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tom 57

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nr 1

19

6-OHDA bilateral lesions to the central amygdala do not affect vasopressin improvement of recall in rats

63%

Winnicka M. M.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1996

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tom 56

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nr 4

20

A search for colocalization of mGlu 1a receptors with CRF or NPY in the rat brain amygdala

63%

Smialowska M. , Wieronska J. M. , Wedzony K.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2002

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tom 40

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nr 2