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Microwave-Assisted Michael Addition of Amides to alfa, beta -Unsaturated Esters under Solvent-Free Conditions

100%

Zare A. , Hasaninejad A. , Parhami A. , Moosavi Zare A. R. , Khalafi-Nezhad A.

2008

tom Vol. 82, nr 5

1059-1066

Michael addition of amides to alfa, beta-unsaturated esters efficiently proceed in the presence of K2CO3 and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase-transfer catalyst under microwave irradiation to afford N-alkylated amides in high yields and short reaction times.

Residues of difenoconazole in various ready premixes with propiconazole, cyflufenamid, and mandipropamid in/on tomato fruits

86%

Abdallah O. I. , Ahmed N. S. , El-Hamid R. M. A. , Alhewairini S. S.

Acta Chromatographica

2024

tom Vol. 36, no. 3

206–-217

Residues of the fungicides difenoconazole, propiconazole, cyflufenamid, and mandipropamid were determined in tomato fruit using acetonitrile for extraction and LC-MS/MS for quantification. Validation criteria include linearity range, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy in terms of precision and trueness, and matrix effect were studied. The recovery rates of the method ranged from 91.8 to 106.3%. The precision of the method in terms of repeatability at one day (RSDr) and between three days (RSDR) ranged from 2.8 to 6.4% and from 4.3 to 7.6%, respectively, with good trueness from 92.2 to 96.4%. Matrix effects (suppression effects) ranged from 3.8% to 11.1%. The validated method was used to evaluate the dissipation kinetics of three different premix formulations: 30% EC (15% difenoconazole þ 15% propiconazole), 14% DC (12.5% difenoconazole þ 1.5% cyflufenamid), and 50% SC (25% difenoconazole þ 25% mandipropamid) used on field tomatoes in Egypt. A first-order kinetic equation best describes residue dissipation. The calculated half-lives of difenoconazole, propiconazole, cyflufenamid, and mandipropamid were 2.01–2.27, 1.89, 1.97, and 1.71 days, respectively. The dissipation rate of difenoconazole did not differ significantly in the three premix formulations. Mandipropamid also dissipated faster compared to the other fungicides tested. The chronic dietary risk assessment results showed a minimal risk to adult Egyptian consumers. Waiting periods were advised for the safe consumption of tomatoes treated with the tested premix formulations.

Investigations of fungicidal properties of substituted phenylsulphonylacetic acid esters and amides

58%

Zakrzewski A. , Janota H.

Pestycydy

2001

nr 1-2

The effect of substituted amides of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids on flavonolignan production in Silybum marianum culture in vitro

58%

Tumova L. , Gallova K. , Rimakova J. , Dolezal M. , Tuma J.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2005

tom 27

nr 3B

In vitro plant tissue and cell cultures were used to study herbicide effects on growth, selected metabolic activities and other phenomena. The effect of abiotic elicitors, two newly synthesized substituted amides of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids (synthesized at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove), on the flavonolignan accumulation in callus and suspension culture of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. was investigated. The compounds markedly influenced production of flavonolignans in an in vitro culture. Particularly after the elicitation with a solution of compound 3-methylamide 5-tert-butylpyrazine- -2-carboxylic acid at a concentration of 3.71x10-7 moll-1 and within 72 h of elicitation, an increase in flavonolignan production by 893 % in suspension culture versus control took place. The flavonolignan accumulation in callus culture after the elicitation with a solution of 5-brom-2-hydroxyphenylamide of 5-tert-butyl-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid was also increased by about 1039 % (24 hour elicitation and concentration of 2.59x10-4 moll-1 ).