Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Treatment of Pomace Olive Oil Wastewater by Peroxy-Electrocoagulation with Aluminium Sheets

100%

Martins R. J. E. , Tesuka L. H. , Grabowski T. T.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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tom Vol. 1, no. 1

741--747

EN

The extraction of olive pomace oil is a significant aspect of the edible oil industry in Mediterranean regions where olives are widely cultivated. The resulting wastewater generated from this industry is known to harbor pollutants, including residual solvents, oils, and chemicals from the refining process, that can have adverse effects on the environment and public health. Peroxy-electrocoagulation (PEC) is a method that can be used to treat wastewater from the olive pomace oil extraction industry. The purpose of the work was to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the effluent through the use of PEC with aluminum electrodes as a method of treatment. The Box-Behnken Design was used to study the relationship between hydrogen peroxide dosage (10, 20, and 30 g L-1 ), electric current density (5, 20 and 35 mA cm-2 ), and the initial pH (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5), in the PEC process, and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenolic compounds (TPh). The highest removal was obtained with hydrogen peroxide dosage of 30 g L-1 , and 20 mA cm-2 , and with 29% of TPh removal at pH 2.5, and with 84% COD removal at pH 4.5. The procedure removed an average of 22% COD and 82% TPh. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was one of the most significant factors in the process. Pre-treatment with other techniques is necessary to reduce harmful elements in the effluent before undergoing biological treatment.

2

Określenie nośności wybranych połączeń montażowych blach ze stopu aluminium EN AW-5754

100%

Rudawska A. , Prus P. , Miturska I. , Warda T.

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2017

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tom nr 4

6--10

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości wytrzymałościowych przeprowadzonych w próbie rozciągania dla połączeń klejowych, nitowych i klejowo-nitowych blach ze stopu aluminium EN AW-5754. Zastosowano dwie najbardziej rozpowszechnione metody wykonywania połączeń nierozłącznych, jakimi są klejenie i nitowanie oraz dodatkowo badaniom poddano połączenia powstałe z zastosowania obu metod. W procesie nitowania zastosowano pojedynczy nit zrywalny, wykonany ze stopu aluminium. W procesie klejenia wykorzystano klej epoksydowy dwuskładnikowy Epidian 57/PAC/1:1. Powierzchnię do procesu klejenia przygotowano poprzez ręczną obróbkę mechaniczną papierem ściernym P320 oraz odtłuszczanie środkiem Loctite 7063. Proces utwardzania połączeń klejowych przebiegał w temperaturze otoczenia. Analizowane połączenia poddano badaniom niszczącym, zgodnie z normą ISO 4587, na maszynie wytrzymałościowej Zwick/Roell Z150. Na podstawie wyników badań zauważono, że lepszą nośnością charakteryzowały się połączenia klejowe, jednak wynik ten nie odbiegał znacząco od wartości wytrzymałości połączenia klejowo-nitowego. Najmniej korzystnymi wynikami charakteryzowały się połączenia nitowe, co mogło być skutkiem zastosowania pojedynczego nitu.

EN

The paper presents results of a tensile test for adhesive, rivets and adhesive-riveted aluminum sheet EN AW-5754 joints. Values of strength and destructive force were presented. Due to its characteristics of used in research material finds application in almost all industries, precisely because the focus was on correctness of the technology made joints and the mechanical properties which characterized the resulting joints. Two of the most popular methods for performing permanent joints was used – bonding and riveting and hybrid of these two method. In riveting a single rivet made of an aluminum alloy was used. The holes for the rivets were previously drilled. In bonding process of the adhesive used was a two-component adhesive consisting of epoxy resin Epidian 57 and hardener PAC prepared in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. The sandpaper P320 machining process and degreasing with Loctite 7063 was used to surface treatment of surfaces adherends. The curing process was performed at ambient temperature. Analysed joints were destructive tested, in accordance with ISO 4587, on testing machine Zwick / Roell Z150.Based on the results observed that a better load capacity characterized by adhesive joints, but this result was similar with the load capacity of the joint adhesive-riveted. The least positive results were characterized by riveted joints, which could be due to the use of a single rivet.

3

Impact of Assembly Method on the Strength of Single-Lap Joints of Aircraft Aluminum Alloy Sheets

100%

Miturska I.

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tom Vol. 14, no 2

163--170

EN

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the strength properties of single-lap assembly joints. Single-lap joints are commonly used in various structures because of their strength properties. Three types of joints, widely used in modern structures, were prepared and tested: adhesive, rivet, and hybrid adhesive-rivet joints. The experiments were carried out using aluminum alloy EN AW-2024, a structural material used in aviation. In the adhesive joints, the substrates were joined using a two-component epoxy adhesive composed of Epidian 53 epoxy resin and polymide curing agent (PAC) – Epidian 53/PAC/100:80. The rivet joints were formed using steel-aluminum blind rivets. The rivets were arranged in four different configurations. One of the very important structural factors considered when designing single-lap assembly joints is overlap length. In the present study, two overlap lengths were tested: 12 mm and 20 mm. The assembly joints were subjected to strength tests. Tensile-shear strength was determined. The results were analyzed statistically.

4

Electrolytic coating on the texture graded aluminium sheet

80%

Opyrchał M. , Żelechowski J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2005

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tom Vol. 50, iss. 2

403-407

EN

Since many years the examination of texture has been of great practical value in an assessment of the sheet manufacturing technology. The influence of crystallographic preferred orientation on the thickness of the hard anodic coating has been determined. Samples were taken from the sheets of metallurgical 1050A aluminium alloy (Al 99.5%) used by industry. The standard chemical composition of this material allows for up to 0.25% Si, 0.40% Fe, 0.07% Zn, 0.05% Cu, 0.05% Mn, 0.05% Mg and 0.05% Ti. The macrostructure on the cross-section of the examined sheets was characterised by graded arrangement. It has been noted that the observed effect is a consequence of different textures. The sheet texture was examined by Schultz X-ray technique of back scatter. The texture on the surface of hot rolled sheets is fibrous and is characterised by {1 k l}<011> index. The one fourth sheet thickness is by {1 0 0}<011> texture characterised. In the half of the sheet thickness, a texture typical of cold rolled aluminium is present. The investigations carried out have proved an effect of preferred orientation sheet on the anodic coating thickness and parameters of treatments. It has been observed that the some hard anodic coating thickness depends on the texture of 1050A aluminium alloy sheets.

PL

Badania tekstur od wielu już lat odgrywają znaczącą rolę w technologii produkcji taśm aluminiowych. W niniejszej pracy określono wpływ tekstury krystalograficznej taśm aluminiowych na grubość wytwarzanych na nich twardych powłok anodowych. Próbki taśm z aluminium 1050A pobrano z produkcji przemysłowej. Zawierały one 0.25% Si, 0.40% Fe, 0.07% Zn, 0.05% Cu, 0.05% Mn, 0.05% Mg oraz 0.05% Ti. Na przekroju poprzecznym badanych taśm zaobserwowano gradientową strukturę warstwową, o zróżnicowanym stekturowaniu poszczególnych warstw. Teksturę tych warstw badano rentgenowską metoda promieni zwrotnych Schultz’a. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że na powierzchni taśm walcowanych na gorąco występuje tekstura włóknista {1 k l}<011>. W 1/4 grubości taśmy stwierdzono obecność tzw. skręconej tekstury sześciennej {1 0 0}<011>. W połowie grubości taśmy zaobserwowano natomiast teksturę typową dla walcowanego na zimno aluminium.