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Systems of symbolic representations of English sounds 1: A theoretical background

100%

Ryndak L.

Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching

2012

nr 9

73-104

The first part of the paper deals with some phonetic notations (analphabetic and alphabetic) which were worked out in the past. It shows different types of transcription together with the main reasons for transcribing. It also gives an analysis of the notions of phoneme and allophone, which belong to the theoretical basis for constructing systems of phonetic transcription and are relevant for the distinction of their basic types. Besides, this sheds light upon the general classification of vowels as well as on the concept of cardinal vowels and on the nature of diphthongs.

Machine learning-based analysis of English lateral allophones

84%

Piotrowska M. , Korvel G. , Kostek B. , Ciszewski T. , Czyżewski A.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

2019

tom Vol. 29, no. 2

393--405

Automatic classification methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and self-organizing maps (SOMs), are applied to allophone analysis based on recorded speech. A list of 650 words was created for that purpose, containing positionally and/or contextually conditioned allophones. For each word, a group of 16 native and non-native speakers were audio-video recorded, from which seven native speakers’ and phonology experts’ speech was selected for analyses. For the purpose of the present study, a sub-list of 103 words containing the English alveolar lateral phoneme /l/ was compiled. The list includes ‘dark’ (velarized) allophonic realizations (which occur before a consonant or at the end of the word before silence) and 52 ‘clear’ allophonic realizations (which occur before a vowel), as well as voicing variants. The recorded signals were segmented into allophones and parametrized using a set of descriptors, originating from the MPEG 7 standard, plus dedicated time-based parameters as well as modified MFCC features proposed by the authors. Classification methods such as ANNs, the kNN and the SOM were employed to automatically detect the two types of allophones. Various sets of features were tested to achieve the best performance of the automatic methods. In the final experiment, a selected set of features was used for automatic evaluation of the pronunciation of dark /l/ by non-native speakers.

What kind of /r/ is linking /r/? An analysis of the realization of /r/ in linking /r/ in RP on the basis of Polish phonetic books

83%

Mizak M.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

2016

tom 40

nr 1

Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.

The paper looks at the phenomenon of linking /r/ in RP and aims to find out what Polish phoneticians say the realization of linking /r/ in RP is on the basis of their books. During the inspection of the material it has transpired that it is not easy to find what the phonetic value of linking /r/ is. This is largely due to the inconsistencies among the scholars, some of whom say that it is the alveolar tap and some that it is the post-alveolar approximant that is the usual variant used for the linking context. The author concludes by recommending further research in this field.

Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.

Том содержит аннотацию только на английском языке.

From introduction to phonemic symbols to development of transcription skills: A case study in the English Department at University of Tuzla

67%

Jurida S. H.

ExELL

2014

tom 2

nr 2

116-132

The present study portrays some of the key aspects of connected speech in English, as adopted by 42 native Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian-speaking undergraduate students of English in the English Department, University of Tuzla, in the academic year 2013/2014. More specifically, the study shows how successfully these students developed their transcription skills in English, particularly when it comes to the use of diacritics for dental, velarised, and syllabic consonants of English, as well as for aspirated and unreleased (unexploded) English plosives. In addition, the study focuses on the coalescent type of assimilation. Connected speech (also known as rapid, relaxed, casual, or fluent speech) is characterised by a number of phonetic phenomena. The paper also analyses the level to which students enrolled in the English Department in Tuzla have developed a sense of elementary terms in this field, an understanding of the English sound system, and generally speaking, to what extent they developed their broad and narrow transcription skills.