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2 Naše řeč (Our Speech)
2 Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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Ověřování lingvistické teorie nad počítačovým korpusem

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Hajičová E.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2008

tom 69

nr 1-2

131-142

The building up and annotation of text corpora (both written and spoken) has become one of the urgent topics in present-day linguistics; the creation of the Czech National Corpus and the morphologically and syntactically annotated Prague Dependency Treebank documents that the Prague Linguistic School has not only kept contact with the recent trends of linguistic studies in the world, but in some aspects, it even sets an example. In the present contribution, several linguistic phenomena are selected to illustrate how a systematically designed and carefully implemented deep-level annotation of a large corpus of Czech texts may serve to verify linguistic theory. The theory underlying the annotation is that of Functional Generative Description (FGD) designed by Petr Sgall in the early 1960s as an original alternative to Chomskyan transformational grammar and developed since then by a group of Praguian theoretical and computational linguists at Charles University.

Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky

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Panevová J. , Hajičová E. , Kettnerová V. , Kolářová V. , Lopatková M. , Mikulová M. , Ševčíková M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2020

tom 103

nr 1-2

55-78

In the present contribution, the main constitutive features of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall and his collaborators are introduced together with a brief characterization of selected Czech grammatical phenomena within this framework. These phenomena include above all verbal and nominal valency and related issues and topic-focus articulation, esp. in relation to negation and presupposition. Criteria for the determination of valency members are proposed together with the changes in the valency structure connected with the application of different diatheses and alternations. The role of valency requirements in complex predicates is described and exemplified by means of derived structures. The other phenomenon investigated is connected with reflexive and reciprocal constructions. Furthermore, attention is devoted to the categorization of deletions and the related phenomenon of the general participant, and also to various comparative constructions that are described as constructions with surface deletions. The constructions introduced by the Czech preposition kromě ‘besides/instead of’ are used as an illustration of how their deep representation looks. The main tenets of FGD have been applied, verified and further refined in the Prague Dependency Treebank family and valency lexicons, which are briefly characterized here as well.

Ideje klasického Pražského lingvistického kroužku jsou i dnes aktuální

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Sgall P.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2008

tom 69

nr 1-2

34-43

Ideas concerning several areas are still fruitful: (1) The concept of markedness as underlying the difference between the centre of the language system, patterned in a relatively simple way, and its vast and complex periphery. (2) Dependency (valency) based syntax, tested in detail and enriched in the Prague Dependency Treebank. (3) The description of the topic-focus articulation, connected with the scope of negation, presupposition and allegation; the fundamental nature of the articulation and a relatively perspicuous description of its interplay with syntactic dependency within the underlying sentence structure. (4) In linguistic typology, a single basic structural property of every type: the manner of expression of grammatical values is favourable to the other properties. (5) The stratification of Czech as a national language, with colloquial speech exhibiting an oscillation of forms of the “literary” norm and of Common Czech. This attitude is only slowly finding its way into school education. (6) In the field of word formation, attention is focused on the transition zone towards morphemics. (7) In the study of the process of communication, the degrees of activation in the stock of shared knowledge are especially significant.

Takzvané "vztažné věty nepřívlastkové": současné náory na jejich status

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Daneš F.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2009

tom 92

nr 4

169-183

The units of this category of non-restrictive (non-defining) clauses do not express a quality of the denotatum of the head noun, but they provide a continuation of the semantic content of the head clause (continuative clauses), present an explanation of it or further information about it, or simply comment on it (explicative clauses). Puristically oriented linguists reject these units as “incorrect”, “false”, whereas other scholars accept them without reservations, some with certain stylistic limitations. The present author points to the stylistic relevance, necessity and utility of this special category of relative clauses and to the fact that they are currently used in various written genres. Such clauses are freely used in a number of European languages and the author does not find any reasonable argument why they should not be considered and accepted as a fully standard, correct means of expression in Czech as well.