Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The influence of sampling methods and different gas chromatographic systems on the determination of concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons in air samples

100%

Juszkiewicz A. , Kijak B.

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nr 6

EN

A study was performed in order to compare two techniques of air sampling, i.e. with use of SUMMA canisters and with use of sorption tubes. Analysed was air collected in Krakow and Vienna together with calibration mixtures containing 7 and 27 hydrocarbons of known concentrations. The samples were analysed with use of two different gas chromatographs equipped with different columns and with FID detectors.Keywords: hydrocarbons, gas chromatography, canisters, sorption tubes.

2

Mutagenic activity of environmental air samples from the area of Wroclaw, Poland

84%

Piekarska K. , Karpinska-Smulikowska J.

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tom 16

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nr 5

745-752

EN

It was found that the pollutants adsorbed on airborne particulates are a real threat to the health of inhabitants as high values of mutation ratio were obtained in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay (Ames test) for extracts of air samples collected during the summer and winter seasons in the centre of the town of Wrocław. The presence of pollutants which might directly and indirectly affect the genetic material has been indicated in tested samples. Mutagenicity of the air samples was highest in winter and lowest in summer. The studied samples collected in different seasons of the year were mutagenic to all tested strains. The Salmonella typhimurium strains: TA 98, YG 1041 and YG 1042 have been found most useful for detection of genotoxic air pollutants in urban agglomerations.

3

The comparison of pollen abundance in air and honey samples

84%

Sauliene I. , Sukiene L. , Noreikaite-Merkeliene A. , Pileckas V.

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nr 4

EN

Honey as a food has long been used in human nutrition and is still popular. Honey is important because of its therapeutic, prophylactic and strengthening value. Pollen is one of the most decisive components that ensure the quality and type of honey. Modern society becomes more and more sensitive to airborne pollen. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the composition of allergenic plant pollen in natural honey. For this purpose, we studied and compared pollen abundance in honey and air samples collected in Lithuania. Standard methods for pollen investigation in air and honey were used in this study. The botanical diversity of pollen identified in honey and air samples indicates 10 morphotypes: 8 of woody plants and 2 of herbaceous plants, in both the honey and air samples. Salix pollen counts in the honey were found to be highest among airborne pollen from May to September. The anemophilous allergenic pollen constituted 44 % of the total pollen detected in the honey.

PL

Miód jest produktem spożywczym stosowanym w żywieniu ludzi od czasów starożytności, a obecnie cieszy się dużą popularnością. Posiada walory terapeutyczne, profilaktyczne i wzmacniające. Jednym z istotnych składników miodu jest pyłek, który decyduje o jakości i rodzaju miodu. Pyłek występujący w powietrzu stanowi coraz większe zagrożenie dla osób wrażliwych. Dlatego określenie ewentualnego występowania pyłku alergennego w miodzie jest istotne. Celem pracy było określenie korelacji pomiędzy zawartością pyłku w aeroplanktonie a jego zawartością w próbkach miodów. Badania prowadzono na Litwie. Zastosowano standardowe metody określania zawartości pyłku w powietrzu i miodach. Stwierdzono 10 morfotypów: 8 roślin drzewiastych oraz 2 roślin zielnych, zarówno w próbkach miodu jak i w powietrzu. Suma ziaren pyłku Salix w miodzie była najwyższa spośród pyłku występującego w powietrzu w okresie od maja do września. Pyłek o właściwościach alergicznych, pochodzący od roślin wiatropylnych, stanowił 44% całej ilości pyłku stwierdzanego w miodach.

4

Ammonia and ammonium over the Southern Baltic Sea. Part 1. Preparation of aerosol and air samples for the determination of ammonia by the indophenol method

84%

Lewandowska A. , Falkowska L.

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nr 2

EN

1997 saw the start of a study into the spatial and temporal changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere over the littoral and offshore waters of the Baltic Sea. Collection of samples and their subsequent chemical analysis was preceded by meticulous laboratory experiments concerning the validation and adaptation of the analytical procedures. The colorimetric indophenol blue technique was used to analyse the aerosol samples for the concentration of ammonium ions and the air samples for their gaseous ammonia. The samples were collected with PTFE-filters and Whatman 41 filters coated with 5% orthophosphoric acid. This acid enhances the aerosol sampling efficacy but reduces the pH of the reaction in which indophenol is formed. The pH of the aerosol samples thus had to be raised, and this in turn required an alteration to the original procedure prior to ammonia determination. It was demonstrated that the addition of 0.1 N KOH to the filters coated with H3PO4 increases the pH of the reaction medium to the required level of pH = 8–11.5 and does not substantially influence the precision of the determination; the error of the modified procedure was of the order of 5.2%. Air samples for the determination of gaseous ammonia were collected with annular denuders. Oxalic acid and citric acid are the usual impregnating agents. In the present experiments oxalic acid was used for denuder impregnation; it turned out to be more effective than citric acid under the conditions of the southern Baltic Sea. The detection limit of the indophenol blue method in these laboratory experiments was 0.045 mmol dm−3. The respective relative standard deviations (RSD) within the range of higher and lower concentrations were 0.64% and 4.53%.

5

Analyses of air samples for ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa by light microscopy and molecular techniques

67%

Kaczmarek J. , Jedryczka M. , Fitt B. D. L. , Lucas J. A. , Latunde-Dada A. O.

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2009

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tom 50

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nr 4

411-419

EN

Spores of many fungal pathogens are dispersed by wind. Detection of these airborne inocula is important in forecasting both the onset and the risk of epiphytotics. Species-specific primers targeted at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa - the causal organisms of phoma stem canker and stem lesions of Brassica spp., including oilseed rape - were used to detect DNA extracted from particles deposited on tapes obtained from a spore trap operated in Rarwino (northwest Poland) from September to November in 2004 and 2006. The quantities of DNA assessed by traditional end-point PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were compared to microscopic counts of airborne ascospores. Results of this study showed that fluctuations in timing of ascospore release corresponded to the dynamics of combined concentrations of DNA from L. maculans and L. biglobosa, with significant positive correlations between ascospore number and DNA yield. Thus the utilization of PCR-based molecular diagnostic techniques enabled the detection, identification, and accurate quantification of airborne inoculum at the species level. Moreover, real-time PCR was more sensitive than traditional PCR, especially in years with low ascospore numbers.

6

Bioindication of air and soil environmental samples using Ames test

67%

Kolwzan B. , Piekarska K. , Karpinska-Smulikowska J.

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2005

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nr 1-2

25-34