Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Na straży czystego powietrza

100%

Skórkowska A.

Zieleń Miejska

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2012

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tom Nr 5

28-30

PL

Nasze miasta zmieniają się w betonowe pustynie. Coraz gęstsza zabudowa i coraz więcej utwardzonych nawierzchni to przyczyny tego, że z każdym rokiem ubywa miejsca dla zieleni. I choć specjaliści powtarzają, że w środowisku pozbawionym roślin ludzie częściej umierają na choroby cywilizacyjne, nadal jest to "głos wołającego na puszczy".

2

Air Quality Assessment and Forecasting Using Neural Network Model

100%

Hamdan M. A. , Ata M. F. B. , Sakhrieh A. H.

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tom Vol. 22, nr 6

1--11

EN

Air pollution is a major obstacle faced by all countries which impacts the environment, public health, socioeconomics, and agriculture. In this study, the air pollutants in the city of Amman were presented and analyzed. Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) model was used to forecast the daily average levels of pollutants in Amman, Jordan. The model was built using the MATLAB software. The model utilized a Marquardt-Levenberg learning algorithm. Its performance was presented using different indices, R2 (Coefficient of Determination), R (Coefficient of Correlation), NMSE (Normalized Mean Square Error), and Plots representing network predictions vs original data. Historical measurements of air pollutants were obtained from 4 of the Ministry of Environment (MoEnv) air quality monitoring stations in Amman. The meteorological data representing three years (2015, 2016, and 2017) were used as predictors to train the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) while the data of the year 2018 were used to test it. The results showed good performance when forecasting SO2, O3, CO, and NO2, and acceptable performance when forecasting Particulate Matter (PM10) at the given 4 locations.

3

Evaluation of the Life Cycle Costs for urban buses equipped with conventional and hybrid drive trains

88%

Szumska E. , Pawełczyk M. , Pistek V.

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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tom Vol. 83, nr 1

73--86

EN

The life cycle cost (LCC) methodology provides understanding of economic aspects of urban buses equipped with different types of propulsion. The LCC analysis delivers the sum of costs related to the acquisition, operation, repair and maintenance disposal as well as the costs for the each bus power train technology. The method allows to take into account all costs for the whole vehicle’s life cycle and creates a precondition for precise information database for decision making. In addition to the economic factors LCC can be extended to environmental aspects such as greenhouse gases emissions. The environmental impacts of the vehicle lifetime may be presented in monetary values. The paper presents the Life Cycle Cost analysis undertaken for urban buses fitted with conventional, series hybrid and parallel hybrid drives. Provided LCC analysis includes the economic and environmental aspects. The paper also delivers the evaluation of the total air pollutant emissions for all stages of lifetime of the each analysed urban bus. The results show that the hybrids have slightly lower life cycle cost than conventional bus. Moreover, hybrid buses were found to have lower life cycle environmental impacts.

4

Modelling of pollutants concentrations from the biomass combustion process

88%

Magdziarz A. , Wilk M. , Zajemska M.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 32, nr 4

423-433

EN

This paper presents possibilities for of numerical modelling of biomass combustion in a commercially available boiler. A sample of biomass was tested with respect to its physical and chemical properties. Thermogravimetry studies of biomass were carried out. Computer simulation makes it possible to analyse complex phenomena which are otherwise difficult to observe. The aim of this work was to model biomass combustion to predict the amount of pollutants generated (NOx, CO, SO2) in the exhaust gases coming out from boilers The calculations were made using the CHEMKIN program. Results of calculations were performed taking into account the influence of temperature, pressure and residence time.

5

Detection of genotoxicity of atmospheric particles using a high-throughput microplate umu-test system

88%

Funasaka K. , Kitano M. , Nakama A. , Yoshikura T. , Oda Y.

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nr 1

EN

A previously developed and highly sensitive umu-microplate test system based on the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain Salmonella typhimurium NM3009 and the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain S. typhimurium NM2009 was applied to the detection of genotoxic activity in atmospheric particles in urban areas using a relatively small sample load. The results showed that the test system was able to detect slight increases in induced genotoxicity in atmospheric particles and that genotoxicity was detected mainly in the fine fraction but also partially in the coarse fraction. The present sensitive microplate test system has potential for application to the screening of various other environmental samples.

6

Survey of indoor air pollution and health symptoms at residential buildings

75%

Sarkar S. , Nandy A. , Talapatra S. N. , Basu R. , Mukhopadhyay A.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2014

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tom 08

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nr 1

EN

This survey work summarizes the generation of indoor air pollutants (IAPs) through household products and activities and also the probable health symptoms of IAPs were discussed through questionnaire in the residential buildings of urban and semi urban area when compared to rural (control) area by door to door survey. The IAPs are categorized as physical, chemical and biological and surveyed as per the product(s) usage in the closed room of buildings. The survey results of IAPs generated from household products and activities, these are asbestos, fine particulate matters and ash as physical pollutants. The chemical pollutants are carbon mono and di oxide gases, phthalates; DDT, chlordane, heptachlor, o-phenylphenol; PBDEs, Formaldehyde, Other Aldehydes, lead, benzene, chloroform, para-dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, styrene, benzene, formaldehyde, terpenes, styrene, phthalate esters, toluene, Propellant, pesticides, PAH, NOx, acrylamide, VOCs, acetone, HCl gas and biological pollutants are bacteria, fungi, viruses, house dust mites, animal dander; cockroaches, microbial spore. In respect to established health impact data, the health symptoms were recorded after survey in two areas viz. urban and semi urban area. The health symptoms were recorded as eye, nose, and throat irritation; allergic reactions, respiratory irritation, aggravated asthma, influenza and other infectious diseases may be the generation of IAPs. The urban and semi urban area are compared with rural (control) area in which no symptoms were found as per discussion. In the present survey it was concluded that the generation of IAPs may from household products and activities in the urban and semi urban area due to less ventilation facilities when compared to rural (control) area. This is a preliminary observation, further researches are needed in relation to measurement of physical, chemical and biological indoor pollutants in closed room of residential buildings and also health hazards study of residents by haematological, biochemical, enzymological and genotoxicological parameters.

7

Geospatial and geostatistical analyses of particulate matter (PM10) concentrations in Imo State, Nigeria

75%

Iheanyichukwu O. A. , Chizoruo I. F. , Chukwuemeka N. P. , Ikechukwu A. J. , Kenechukwu E. C.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

|

2016

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tom 57

EN

Geospatial and geostatistical analysis of particulate matter (PM10) variation in Imo State, Nigeria was carried out. The objectives of the study were to determine and analyze the variation in concentration of ambient PM10 level in Imo State, Nigeria. Air quality sampling was conducted within November 2014 and June 2015, in wet and dry seasons three times daily using Haze Dust Particulate Monitor (10μm). The mean concentration of PM10 level observed in the study varied from 5.22 - 6.63mg/m3 in wet season and 5.80 - 8.38 mg/m3 in dry season. Coefficient of variation (CV %) revealed that the variability of PM10 level ranged between little and moderate variations in both wet and dry season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA p<0.05) showed statistically significant variation in the mean PM10 level in the study locations. Box and Whisker plots confirmed variation of PM10 in the morning, afternoon and evening. The GIS plots revealed the spatial attributes of the air pollutant in the study locations. Time series plots indicate that the air pollutants fluctuated throughout the study duration. The Wind Rose suggests that the prevailing wind speed and wind directions were responsible for the dispersal migration of the air pollutant in the study area. The highest seasonal mean values were observed in Egbema and Okigwe area in both dry and wet season. The seasonal mean values recorded in the study exceeded the Nigerian National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This calls for urgent response to prevent further air quality deterioration and its negative effects on man and the environment.

8

Wpływ systemu utrzymania świń na emisje gazowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza

75%

Tymczyna L. , Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A. , Drabik A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2009

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tom T. 88, nr 5

574-578

9

Evaluation of air pollution by bioindication tests

75%

Karpinska-Smulikowska J. , Piekarska K. , Moskal J. , Czarny A.

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2000

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tom 08

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nr 1

10

Inorganic pollutants deposition in Gdansk Region in relation to the critical load concept

75%

Medrzycka K. B. , Landowska A.

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2002

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tom 11

|

nr 6

EN

The deposition of acidifying compounds in Gdask region has been investigated. Bulk wet (in the open field), and throughfall (in the forest) stand, depositions were measured from 1994 till 2001. The deposition of sulphates, nitrates and ammonium salts has been analysed. The obtained results are compared with the critical deposition for sulphur and nitrogen related to the Gdask region. It has been stated that exceeding critical load was not observed for sulphur, while it was observed for nitrogen.

11

Constitutively active guard cell plasma membrane Hplus-ATPase impairs ozone – elevated CO2־ and darkness-induced stomatal closur

63%

Nuhkat M. , Roelfsema M. R. G. , Kollist H.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2013

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tom 94

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nr 2

12

Spatial-temporal variations of sulphur dioxide concentration, source, and probability assessment using a GIS-based geostatistical approach

63%

Tecer L. H. , Tagil S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

|

nr 5

EN

Ground-level sulphur dioxide is one of the air pollutants of high concern as a typical indicator of urban air quality. To inform decisions regarding, for instance, the protection of public health from elevated SO₂ levels in the city of Balikesir, an understanding of spatial-temporal variance of SO₂ patterns is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to locate sample points, characterize distribution patterns, perform the probability map, and map SO₂ distributions by means of spatial information sciences. In this work, the data were compiled from 48 sampling sites using passive sampling on 10-17 March 2010 (in winter) and on 13-20 August 2010 (in summer). The estimations of SO₂ levels at unsampled locations were carried out with the inverse distance weighted method. Finally, locations exceeding the Turkish Air Quality Standard threshold value were determined in the Balikesir by use of geostatistical algorithms (Indicator kriging). The capability of the methods to predict air quality data in an area with multiple land-use types and pollution sources were then discussed. The results of the passive sampling study show that the winter and summer average concentrations are 32.79 µg/m³ and 28.27 µg/m³ for SO₂, respectively. It is expected that where industrial activity is not excessively important, traffic and domestic heating systems are the main source of SO₂ precursors. Moreover, using Indicator Kriging, results show that there are multiple hotspots for SO₂ concentrations and they are strongly correlated to the locations of industrial plants, traffic, and domestic heating systems in Balikesir.

13

Prediction of SO2 and PM concentrations in a coastal mining area [Zonguldak, Turkey] using an artificial neural network

63%

Tecer L. H.

|

2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

633-638

EN

In this study, artificial neural networks are proposed to predict the concentrations of S02 and PM at two different stations in Zonguldak city, a major coastal mining area in Turkey. The established artificial neural network models involve meteorological parameters and historical data on observed S02, PM as input variables. The models are based on a three-layer neural network trained by a back-propagation algorithm. The models accurately measure the trend of SO2 and PM concentrations. The results obtained through the proposed models show that artificial neural networks can efficiently be used in the analysis and prediction of air quality.

14

Study of venturi scrubber efficiency for pesticide industry

63%

Desai R. , Sahu O. P.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

|

2014

|

tom 04

EN

A venturi scrubber is designed to effectively use the energy from the inlet gas stream to atomize the liquid being used to scrub the gas stream. This type of technology is a part of the group of air pollution controls. The air pollution generated from the industry is now become serious problem for the environment, which affect the living and non living thing on the Earth. Among all the air pollution monitoring equipment venturi scrubber found to suitable for prevention of air pollution by pesticide. It was found that scrubber shows 99.1 % efficiency.

15

Database system for acquisition and data processing on air pollution from agricultural production

63%

Mielcarek P. , Rzeźnik W.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2014

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tom Vol. 59, nr 2

67--70

EN

Agriculture is the source of gaseous, particulate matter emissions and the livestock production also generates the problem of odor nuisance. To monitor and evaluate the scale of its environmental impact are used dedicated database systems which function is collection, processing and visualization of data. The aim of the study was to design and make the database system "Agricultural Air Pollution. Acquisition and Data Processing System" for monitoring air pollutions from agricultural production. It is used to collect, process, report and analyze data. The main function of the system is the calculation of gases (CH4, N2O, NH3), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and odors emission from agricultural production. Gas and particulate matter emissions are calculated on the basis of available, international and self-developed methodologies, while the odor emissions based only on self-developed methodology. It will be possible to determine own specific emission factors for Poland, using the collected data. In the future, the system may provide an extensive database and be useful to verify the cyclic reports of greenhouse gases and particulate matter emission from agriculture. This knowledge may be helpful under developing national strategies for this sector.

PL

Rolnictwo jest źródłem emisji zanieczyszczeń gazowych i pyłowych, a produkcja zwierzęca dodatkowo generuje problem uciążliwości zapachowej. Do monitorowania i oceny skali oddziaływania na środowisko wykorzystuje się dedykowane systemy informatyczne, których zadaniem jest kolekcjonowanie, przetwarzanie oraz wizualizacja danych. Celem pracy było zaprojektowanie i wykonanie systemu bazodanowego „Rolnicze Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza. System Akwizycji i Przetwarzania Danych” służącego do monitorowania zanieczyszczeń powietrza z produkcji rolniczej. Przeznaczony jest on do gromadzenia, przetwarzania, raportowania oraz analizy danych. Głównym zadaniem jest obliczanie emisji gazów (CH4, N2O, NH3), pyłów (PM2.5 oraz PM10) i odorów. Emisje gazów i pyłów wyliczane są na podstawie metodyk międzynarodowych i własnych, natomiast dla odorów oparto się tylko na metodyce własnej. Pozwoli to na wyznaczenie własnych współczynników emisji gazów, pyłów oraz odorów, które będą uwzględniać charakterystykę polskiego rolnictwa i odzwierciedlać jego specyfikę. W przyszłości system może stanowić obszerną bazę danych i być przydatny do weryfikacji okresowych sprawozdań w zakresie emisji gazów i pyłów z tego sektora gospodarki. Wiedza w tym zakresie może być pomocna przy opracowywaniu krajowych strategii dotyczących rolnictwa.

16

Lokalizacja źródła zanieczyszczeń atmosferycznych za pomocą algorytmu roju cząsteczek

63%

Wawrzynczak A. , Danko J. , Borysiewicz M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Administratio Locorum

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2014

|

tom 13

|

nr 4

17

Microbiological air contamination in poultry houses

63%

Lonc E. , Plewa K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2010

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

15-19

EN

Since intensive poultry production is accompanied by as high as possible densities of birds within buildings, this exposes poultry house workers to elevated concentrations of bioaerosol that is mainly emitted by birds. Exposure to dust containing pathogenic microbial and parasitic agents may cause asthma, asthma-like syndrome, mucous membrane irritation, chronic bronchitis, and allergic alveolitis organic dust toxic syndrome, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Since the microbial air pollution data base of poultry houses is insufficient at present, and poultry production is increasingly widespread, it is important to collect, compare and update the available data.

18

State of the art review on air quality monitoring

63%

Dziadak B. , Jóśko A. , Makowski Ł. , Michalski A. , Watral Z.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2022

|

tom R. 98, nr 7

1--10

EN

This article gives a broad overview of common air pollutants mainly occurring in metropolitan environments. Starting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ending with particles matter concentration (PM). The main characteristics of air pollutants and areas of occurrence are discussed. Special attention was given to the acceptable ranges of occurring contaminants by discussing the main EU/WHO normative recommendations. The main area of review of the state of the art in air pollution monitoring was limited to the last few years. The shown direction of development of modern measurement systems towards low-cost sensors working in the structures of the Internet of Things reflects the latest development trends in monitoring of climatic parameters.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono szeroki przegląd zanieczyszczeń powietrza występujących głównie w środowiskach miejskich. Począwszy od lotnych związków organicznych (LZO), a skończywszy na stężeniu cząstek stałych (PM). Omówiono główne cechy zanieczyszczeń powietrza i obszary ich występowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na dopuszczalne zakresy występujących zanieczyszczeń, omawiając główne zalecenia normatywne UE/WHO. Główny obszar przeglądu stanu wiedzy w zakresie monitoringu zanieczyszczeń powietrza ograniczono do ostatnich kilku lat. Wskazany kierunek rozwoju nowoczesnych systemów pomiarowych w kierunku tanich czujników pracujących w strukturach Internetu Rzeczy odzwierciedla najnowsze trendy rozwojowe w monitorowaniu parametrów klimatycznych.

19

Analysis of variability in PM10 concentration in the Wroclaw agglomeration

63%

Krynicka J. , Drzeniecka-Osiadacz A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2013

|

tom 22

|

nr 4

EN

Our research was designed to analyze the variability in PM10 concentrations in the Wrocław area from January 2008 to February 2010, and to relate the findings to the existing meteorological and terrain conditions. To this end, five measurement stations were located in places with distinctive environmental features. Stations used the TEOM 1400a gravimetric analyzer and the manual reference method. The distinction between warm and cold seasons also was made based on start and end dates of heating periods. Finally, the thorough analysis of observed fluctuations in PM10 was produced. This includes tabulating the data, establishing a correlation and, most importantly, presenting descriptive statistics. Moreover, the statistical analysis was extended to variability and correlation analysis. The figures revealed that there exists the spatial variation of PM10 concentrations throughout the year, and analysis showed similar dynamics of the PM10 concentrations. The highest annual average PM10 concentration was noted at one of the stations and was associated with numerous exceedings of the limit value. The analyzed stations show a high correlation during the cold period of the year (0.71-0.95). Coefficients were significant at the 0.99 confidence level. The value of coefficient of divergence ranged from 0.053 to 0.613 and indicated the sources of PM10 emission. A positive relationship was observed between PM10 concentration and, e.g., atmospheric pressure (0.40), and in the warm season, average daily air temperature (0.36); but a negative relationship was observed between PM10 concentration and, i.e., the average daily speed of the wind (-0.56), and during the cold period, the average daily air temperature (-0.56). In support of this claim, the following article discusses select examples of the interdependence between terrain characteristics and PM10 variations.

20

Ozone effects on trees, where uptake and detoxification meet

63%

De T. L. , Vandermeiren K. , D'Haese D. , Bortier K. , Asard H. , Ceulemans R.

|

2002

|

tom 47

EN

Ozone is the most important air pollutant and its concentration in ambient air is still rising. Ozone concentrations measured at reference height (50 m is EMEP ozone modelling height), do not reflect the real concentration at the top of the vegetative canopy and do not provide sufficient information about the ozone fluxentering the leaves. Modelling stomatal conductance is leading to estimations of cumulative ozone uptake and enables much better to evaluate the impact of ozone on trees. The negative impact of ozone exposure has a measurable effect on physiological processes such as stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and respiration. Disturbance of the basic physiological processes is leading to growth and wood production losses. There have been several attempts to establish critical levels (CL) for ozone effects on forest trees. Average concentrations and cumulative exposure indices are satisfactory to some extent, but do not fully describe the potential impact of ozone exposure. Much more promising is an evaluation based on the effective ozone flux, which is a function of the absorbed ozone flux and the defensive response. Ozone uptake takes place primarily through the stomata and reactions of ozone with hydrocarbons released by the plant cells and transformations of dissolved ozone in the apoplastic fluid create many reactive oxygen species of which free radicals are able to initiate membrane lipid peroxidation and destruction of cell membranes. The defence of a plant against absorbed ozone starts in the apoplastic fluid. Ascorbate is believed to be a very important radical scavenger avoiding detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species to the membranes. Other important antioxidants are phenolics. The defensive response can be linked to the abundance of ascorbate or the ability of the plants to regenerate (reduce) ascorbate from monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate. The reduction of dehydroascorbate takes place in the symplast where ascorbate can be transported back through the plasma membrane into the apoplast. Ozone exposure also causes oxidative stress of the plant cell interior by the formation of reactive oxygen species. Plants can cope with those toxic substances in the symplast by using antioxidants such as ascorbate, -tocopherol, glutathione and carotenoids and enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases and several peroxidases. The complexity of the apoplastic and symplastic antioxidative capacity with different turnover rates and transport of antioxidants makes it difficult to determine the total antioxidative power.