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Environmental status of the Arctic soils

100%

Nikitina M. , Popova L. , Korobitcina J. , Efremova O. , Trofimova A. , Nakvasina E. , Volkov A.

Journal of Elementology

2015

tom 20

nr 3

The Arctic region is under an ever-increasing anthropogenic influence. The nature in the Arctic is extremely vulnerable to the effects of pollutants, which may eventually lead to certain irreversible ecological processes. Heavy metals occupy a special place among priority pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to assess the ecological status and the degree of contamination with heavy metals of the soils of Arctic and sub-Arctic areas. Arctic soils were studied in the region of the White Sea and the Barents Sea during the Arctic Floating University, a research expedition held in July 2012 by M. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University. During the expedition, samples were collected and the landscapes (topography, vegetation) were described. In order to assess the impact of environmental contamination, the total content of heavy metals in soils was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). The level of soil contamination was assessed according to the maximum permissible concentrations ( MPC), temporary permissible concentrations (TPC), chemical substance factor (Kc) and the total pollution index (Zc). Our analysis of the experimental data showed a wide-range change in the soil agrochemical parameters. It has been demonstrated that the investigated soils of the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas represent different soil properties, are affected by different climatic conditions and belong to different texture taxonomic classes, e.g. the grain-size distribution varies from sand to clay loam; the pH ranges from strongly acid to neutral and the content of organic substances can be very low to high. According to the total pollution index, almost all the soils present an acceptable heavy metal contamination level. In most of the studied soils, the heavy metals in terms of amounts accumulated can be ordered as follows: Co > Pb > Cu > Zn > As > Ni > V > Mn.

Study of Harmful Effects of Pesticides, Especially Seed Producers, on the Components of Agrocenosis

86%

Trokhymenko G. G. , Grushyna O. G. , Marynets O. M. , Blahodatnyi V. V.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

tom Vol. 23, iss. 1

102--109

The paper shows that seed and planting material treatment is the most economical and least dangerous way to use pesticides. The formula of ecotoxicity calculation for comparing the danger level of soil pollution by various substances was given. The analysis of influence of some seed disinfectants: Black Jack (active substances – humic acids (19–21%) and fulvic acid (3–5%); Kelpak (active substances – auxins (11 mg/l), cytoxins (0.03 mg/l); Dalila (imidacloprid 600 g/l); Impact K (flutriafol (117.5 g/l) and carbendazim 250 g/l) on various groups of plants, soils and microorganisms was carried out. It was proven that the use of drugs with fungicidal action causes a certain effect on some soil parameters, mostly due to the effect on the microbiological activity of the soil. The results obtained in the research show that each of the chemical compounds, which is the active substance of the studied pesticides, does not have a significant detrimental effect on the rhizosphere biota when used separately; however, regular use of chemical pesticides can lead to an irreversible disturbance of the natural microbial balance in the soil and a gradual loss of fertility. Much attention is paid to the study of soil organisms, in particular earthworms, which have become the main test species in the tests to assess the toxicity of new xenobiotics, as well as to calculate the risks of adverse effects of pollutants on the environment. It was shown that pesticides of different nature of action have varying effects on soil microbiota and earthworms. Studies have shown that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with pesticides has undeniable economic, organizational and technological advantages over other methods of applying chemical plant protection products. The calculation of the ecological danger of pesticides was carried out and it was concluded that pre-sowing seed treatment can be called an ecologically low-hazardous measure. The paper recommended the main ways to prevent the increase of the negative impact of pesticides (including seed disinfectants) on the environment.

Soil agrochemical parameters and grain quality indices change in crop rotation

72%

Vucans R. , Livmanis J.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura

2004

tom 59

nr 4