Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ewolucja rozwiązań normatywnych w zakresie gospodarowania nieruchomościami rolnymi Skarbu Państwa

100%

Litwiniuk P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2017

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tom Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV

EN

The article discusses the evolution of the legal status regulating management of agricultural property owned by the State Treasury. It presents this evolution as the consequence of multiple, often provisional actions of the legislator conditioned by changing political objectives, which results in an incoherent model of Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury aiming to serve the development of a specific agricultural system in Poland. The incidental nature can also be attributed to the regulations used as grounds for establishment of the National Support Centre for Agriculture in 2017. These provisions were supposed to implement the longdemanded closing of the Agricultural Property Agency. However, this demand was previously associated with the need for definitive distribution of the Agricultural Property Stock owned by the State Treasury through the completion of its restructuring process and ultimately its privatisation. Meanwhile, the establishment of the National Support Centre for Agriculture only means that the past activity of the Agency will continue under a new name and that the Stock will function as property used exclusively for restructuring purposes in the near future. Such legal conditions make it difficult to achieve the main objective of state agricultural property management, which is to facilitate access to agricultural land for farmers with respect of their economic interests.

2

O nabyciu nieruchomości rolnej przez osobę bliską zbywcy. Uwagi na kanwie uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 22 czerwca 2017 r., III CZP 24/17

100%

Michałowski R.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2017

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tom Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV

EN

Provisions of the Polish Act on Shaping of the Agricultural System pose a number of doubts as to their interpretation. In its resolution adopted on 22 June 2017, the Supreme Court decided that an owner of an agricultural property, to whom the 10-year trading prohibition applies, as referred to in Art. 2b par. 2 of the Act, is allowed to trade it within that period for the benefit of a closely related person. This opinion raises doubts, as it has no legitimate authorisation in the legal provisions. Furthermore, the functional arguments put forward by the Supreme Court do not provide sufficient justification for the above-mentioned conclusion. In the author’s opinion, a number of problems emerging from Art. 2b of the Act on Shaping the Agricultural System could be solved through a functional, flexible interpretation of the prerequisite of “material reasons, irrespective of the buyer”, which underlies the court’s consent to the disposal of the real property by an owner burdened by trading prohibition.

3

Znaczenie własności rolniczej w kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego

100%

Szymańska M.

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tom 9

240-253

EN

Agricultural real estate has always been a separate element in the functional plane. While assessing the character of agricultural production systems, it is important to pay attention to land use which can be defined as an essential means of production in the agricultural sector. Regardless of economic and organizational factors, land still remains a crucial component in agricultural production, which increases the importance of agricultural real estate. The fundamental attribute of ownership, especially in agricultural property rights, is a right to farm. Agricultural real estate is associated with farming which is understood as assets of the estate and stands for property in terms of civil law. Functional separation of agricultural real estate also relates to the concept of agricultural property which is a part of farming. Agricultural real estate refers to property and constitutes a set of rights and obligations.

4

Ochrona środowiska naturalnego w procesie produkcji rolnej a koncepcja własności rolniczej

100%

Niewiadomski A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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tom 14

259-271

EN

The article indicates the basic principles of environmental protection used in agricultural law in the light of European and national regulation. This paper focuses also on the analysis of the impact of modern environmental law on ownership of agricultural real estate and agricultural activities. What is more, new obligations for farmers has been analyzed in the context of the Andrzej Stelmachowski’s concept of agricultural property.

5

O Profesorze Andrzeju Stelmachowskim jako prawniku

100%

Budzinowski R. , Czechowski P. , Korzycka M. , Lichorowicz A. , Prutis S.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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tom 14

11-26

EN

Professor Andrzej Stelmachowski (1925-2009) is an outstanding person, deserving huge appreciation because of his activity in various fields; as a lawyer, a prominent specialist in civil law, commercial law, family law, who played a remarkable role in the development of agricultural law. He is the creator of a new school of Polish agricultural law, as he elaborated by his scientific achievements, a theoretical basis to distinguish (in the area of doctrine and didactics) agricultural law as a separate branch of law; he has proposed an original method of research – the study of law in the process of its application, and around these ideas he organized research teams – a large group of students at such universities as: Wroclaw, Warsaw and Bialystok (Professor has promoted 23 PhDs of law). Another merit of Professor Stelmachowski was to determine the object and scope of agricultural law, the fundamental structures of agricultural law (the concept of agricultural property), as well as the legal solutions for protection of individual farming. The recognition and respect for the position of Professor at the international level are demonstrated by His numerous professional contacts and honorary doctorates that he was awarded with. The Professor was the first Polish scholar in the CEDR (the European Committee for Agricultural Law), as well as the first President of the Polish Association of Lawyers specialized in Agricultural Law. The concept of teaching elaborated by Professor A. Stelmachowski was reflected in the subsequent editions of academic books in the field of agricultural law, issued under his scientific edit in the period 1970-2008. In all areas of his involvement, despite changes in the external environment, Professor A. Stelmachowski always presented a permanent system of values, among which we should mention: rightness, fidelity to convictions and responsibility, concern for the common good, solidarity with the weak and being guided by the social doctrine of the Church, all of which gave him an unquestionable moral authority as a Person of great strength of character.

6

Nowy kształt przetargu pisemnego przy sprzedaży nieruchomości z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa

100%

Michałowski R.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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tom 14

89-101

EN

The manner, in which a written tender has been regulated in the Act of 19 October 1991 on Management of the Treasury Agricultural Property, shows many specific features. Similar to other tender procedures provided for in other legal acts, in particular in the Civil Code, it is a multilateral and qualifying procedure. However, unlike other tender procedures, price of the land is not the subject of competition of the participants. Moreover, no provision of the future agreement of sale is defined in the course of the tender. This makes it a unique solution, to which the tender provisions contained in the Civil Code may be applied only by analogy. It seems that this applies to regulations of the Civil Code related to the claim to conclude a contract of sale, the annulment of the contract concluded by invitation to tender and the effects of lodging the security to the extent not regulated by the Act on Management of the Treasury Agricultural Property.

7

Uwagi o prawie pierwokupu właściciela nieruchomości rolnej graniczącej ze sprzedawaną nieruchomością rolną w ustawie o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego z dnia 5 sierpnia 2015 r.

100%

Michałowski R.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

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tom 13

217-228

EN

Act on the shaping of the agrarian system of 5 August 2015 provides new legal instruments limiting freedom of the contract and limiting the property right. This article deals with the proplems arising during the interpretation of the provisions of this act regarding pre – emption right of the owner of the bordering property. Individual farmer who exercises pre – emption right and acquires agricultural property is not bound to enlarge his family farm. The owner of the vended property is obliged to indicate which of his neighbours – owners of the properties bordering to his property – has the priority in pre-emption. Author also considers situation of the co-owners as the holders of the pre-emption right.

8

Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 45/16

100%

Herbet A.

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nr 3(55)

239-274

EN

In the Sejm’s draft position, concerning the application of the National Council of Agricultural Chambers, the author claims that rules of the Hunting Law, so far as they do not provide obligatory permit from a farmer – who is an owner of land included in a hunting zone – to lease that land forming a hunting district, are compatible with the Constitution. However, provisions regarding compensations for hunting damages are considered unconstitutional.

9

Przeciwdziałanie nadmiernej koncentracji nieruchomości rolnych przy sprzedaży gruntów z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa

100%

Michałowski R.

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2012

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tom 10

503-512

EN

The main purpose of this paper is to analize few selected aspects of the article 28a of the Act on management of the agricultural properties owned by the State Treasury. It is one of the legal instruments aimed at prevention against excessive concentration of agricultural properties. Important issue is to verify opinions formulated in the legal doctrine regarding to legal sanctions associated with above mentioned regulation. Author states, that violation of that legal norm causes nullity of sale contract. There are no justified reasons to assume another concept formulated in legal doctrine. Particulary, the author disagrees that it is norm without a sanction. Paper deals also with the problem of the definition of family farm in the legal regulation of tender procedure conducted by Agricultural Property Agency. Family farm is defined in the act on formation of agrarian system and it is not necessary to create different definition exclusively for tender procedure regulation.

10

Ochrona własności rolniczej w nawiązaniu do koncepcji własności rolniczej Profesora Andrzeja Stelmachowskiego

100%

Korzycka-Iwanow M.

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tom 9

115-129

EN

The concept of agricultural property as proposed by A.Stelmachowski relies on the association of the original construction of property law with its specific object, i.e. the farmstead. According to this concept, agricultural property (specified in respect of the matter of ownership) is a complex of laws and obligations describing the legal standing of the subject – farm owner. The concept of agricultural property is an important element of the doctrinal accomplishment underlying the distinguishing of agricultural law as a new branch of legislation; it may also form – on the didactic level – an axis to organise the presentation of agricultural law institutions. Core ownership issues are obviously regulated by civil law. To describe the general features of property law, as a particular legal category, A.Stelmachowski indicates that property law 1) possesses the most comprehensive content as regards the relationship of the subject to the property attributed to him; 2) awards the owner exclusive right (a certain monopoly) as regards a specified object; 3) is characterized by a singular flexibility. All of these features can be referred to various kinds of ownership, regardless of its subject, including agricultural property. The originality of A. Stelmachowski’s approach to ownership arises from a proposed construction which is different to the classic, civil law model of ownership. This model has been inherited from Roman law (triad of ownership), which stressed the absolute rights of the owner. The owner had rights but no obligations towards the others, on the contrary, they are obligated to respect the rights of the owner. The protection of agricultural property is a continuation of the essential idea of the concept Author, and thus encompasses not only the substantive nature of agricultural law but property, that is a farmstead, itself. Important are both the subject and the scope (intensity) of protection. To protect the individual components civil regulations on property are applied, and to protect the farm, it is necessary to restrict the right to dispose of its components at will. When considering the subject of protection, one should take note of two elements: 1) what goods in various historical periods effected protection of the property law, and equally 2) whose interests were taken into account when awarding the protection, in other words, this will be a query regarding the function of property law. The interest (function) which brought about protection of agricultural property in the legal order currently in place in Poland could be described as execution by farmstead proprietors of European Union legislation on the use of agricultural holdings. Similarly as in the period of socialist economy in agriculture, the legal measures are rooted in a model of farming administration developed outside Poland, and introduced here.

11

Pojęcie nieruchomości rolnej w kodeksie cywilnym i przepisach szczególnych

88%

Stańko M.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2017

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tom Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV

EN

The legal structure of agricultural property has been the subject of discussion in the doctrine of agricultural law and the matter of numerous court decisions. This issue, however, still raises a lot of controversies. The problem occurs in the Civil Code regulation itself (art. 461 of the Civil Code), in which the concepts of agricultural real estate and agricultural land were wrongly identified. It should be clearly indicated that only agricultural property is a category of ownership, while this attribute does not refer to the notion of agricultural land. It should also be noted that there is no criterion of area in the Code definition of agricultural real estate. From such a perspective, it is difficult to reconcile the possibility of conducting manufacturing activity in agriculture with the use of any agricultural property regardless of its area. Besides, the weakness of the spatial planning system makes the determination of the nature of property, in particular when it loses its agricultural character, a very complicated process. Despite the mentioned shortcomings of the legal regulation, the Code definition of agricultural property should be universal and common. However, modifications of this definition introduced in specific provisions make use of multiple regulations dysfunctional.

12

O własności rolniczej w kontekście zmian w obrocie własnościowym prywatnymi gruntami rolnymi

88%

Truszkiewicz Z.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2017

|

tom Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV

EN

It is difficult to imagine socio-economic relations without property. Ownership can be understood differently: narrowly – as a right within the meaning of civil law and broadly – as in fact any right belonging to a person that together with other rights forms property of this person. Therefore, ownership is of interest to almost all branches of law, including constitutional law. As a consequence, ownership can be regarded as a single right, especially within the meaning of the Civil Code, or as institution that includes ownership rights and associated obligations. Nowadays, these obligations become more and more important because property is regarded as a social function and not only as an absolute right of the owner. The social perspective of ownership makes the property differentiated by its object. In this way various legal regimes of ownership are created, including agricultural property of great social significance. Agricultural property is a basic element of the agricultural system that is constitutionally based on a family farm. The state, shaping the agricultural system in the assumed way, regulates the agricultural system accordingly. This is done, among others, by the Act of 2003 on the shaping of the agricultural system that also defines a family farm. However, the Act, contrary to its title, regulates only the transfer of ownership of agricultural lands and farms. The provisions of the Act raise serious objections both in terms of assumptions and in terms of applied legal solutions. The source of these defective regulations, after the transformation of the political system at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, is a fact that in Poland the model of the agricultural system has never been developed.

13

The Right of Pre-emption of Agricultural Property and the Right of Pre-emption of Agricultural Farm

75%

Truszkiewicz Z.

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tom 26

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nr 1

EN

The application of the right of pre-emption in case of sale of agricultural farm is much more complicated than the application of the above-mentioned right in case of agricultural property. The sale of agricultural farm is complicated since the subject of sale is not one property right (as it does not exist) but many rights of access to tangible or intangible assets which form or may form the agricultural farm, however, only negotiable ones. In fact, the disposal of the whole agricultural farm is permitted only in case of universal succession, which is not always the case. However, in case of sale of agricultural farm, the right holder can exercise the right of pre-emption of sold agricultural farm and, thus, the whole negotiable assets covered by the sale contract.

PL

Stosowanie prawa pierwokupu w przypadku sprzedaży gospodarstwa rolnego jest o wiele bardziej złożone niż stosowanie prawa pierwokupu wobec nieruchomości rolnej. Sprzedaż gospodarstwa rolnego jest o tyle złożona, że przedmiotem sprzedaży nie jest jedno prawo własności do całego gospodarstwa rolnego, bo ono nie istnieje, lecz w istocie wiele praw do dóbr materialnych i niematerialnych, tworzących lub mogących tworzyć gospodarstwo rolne, ale tylko zbywalnych. Zbycie całego gospodarstwa rolnego jest w zasadzie możliwe tylko w przypadku sukcesji uniwersalnej, i to nie zawsze. Niemniej w przypadku sprzedaży gospodarstwa rolnego uprawniony może wykonać prawo pierwokupu całego sprzedawanego gospodarstwa rolnego, a więc w stosunku do wszystkich zbywalnych składników objętych umową sprzedaży.

14

Ochrona konstrukcji żelbetowych w obiektach rolniczych w świetle wymagań norm i wytycznych ITB

75%

Możaryn T. , Sokolska A. , Wójtowicz M.

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tom R. 19, nr 1

56--64

PL

W artykule omówiono wymagania dotyczące trwałości i ochrony powierzchniowej żelbetu w obiektach rolniczych według norm europejskich i instrukcji ITB. Przedstawiono charakterystykę oddziaływań środowiskowych i analizy zagrożeń korozyjnych wybranych obiektów rolniczych. Omówiono sposoby zwiększania trwałości betonu w danej klasie ekspozycji środowiskowej oraz zasady i metody ochrony powierzchniowej betonu w wybranych obiektach rolniczych.

EN

The article discusses the requirements for durability and RC surface protection in agricultural structures in accordance with the EU standards and the technical instructions published by the Building Research Institute. The measures to increase the durability of RC structures in various environmental exposures as well as the principles and methods of concrete surface protection applied to some agricultural structures are discussed.

15

Nabywanie nieruchomości rolnych w drodze zasiedzenia. Wybrane zagadnienia konstrukcyjne

75%

Biernat J.

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nr 1(22)

147-155

EN

The Act of 14 April 2016 on Withholding the Sale of Properties in the State Treasury Resources of Agricultural Properties and on Amending Certain Statutes has introduced changes into the Polish legal system which significantly restrict trade in agricultural properties. These changes concern, inter alia, positive prescription of broadly understood agricultural properties. In accordance with the amended law, agricultural properties referred to in the provisions of the Act of 11 April 2003 on the Development of the Agricultural System may be acquired through positive prescription only by individual farmers in the meaning of this Act; furthermore, certain obligations have been imposed on the parties acquiring agricultural properties through positive prescription relating to their use of the properties they acquire, with far-reaching sanctions imposed thereupon. The law which has been introduced raises serious concerns, inter alia, at the level of its interpretation, including, in particular, in the context of the aims intended to be attained by the legislator by significantly and comprehensively restricting trade in agricultural properties.

PL

Ustawą z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych ustaw w polskim porządku normatywnym wprowadzone zostały zmiany istotnie ograniczające szeroko pojęty obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi. Zmiany te dotyczą między innymi nabywania nieruchomości rolnych w drodze zasiedzenia. Zgodnie ze znowelizowanymi przepisami nieruchomości rolne, o których mowa w przepisach Ustawy z dnia 11 kwietnia 2003 r. o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego, mogą być nabywane w drodze zasiedzenia jedynie przez rolników indywidualnych w rozumieniu tej ustawy; nadto, na nabywców nieruchomości rolnych w drodze zasiedzenia zostały nałożone pewne obowiązki związane z korzystaniem z nabytych nieruchomości, obwarowane daleko idącymi sankcjami. Wprowadzone uregulowania budzą poważne wątpliwości między innymi na poziomie konstrukcyjnym, w tym w szczególności w kontekście celów, które zamierzał osiągnąć ustawodawca istotnie i kompleksowo ograniczając obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi.

16

Agricultural Real Property as a Subject of Limitations on Transactions Transferring Ownership

63%

Marciniuk K.

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tom 26

|

nr 1

EN

The article introduces a definition of agricultural real property based on various legal acts – before the adoption of the Civil Code, pursuant to Article 461 of the Civil Code and the Act on Shaping the Agricultural Regime; it also describes the criteria of establishing the property as being used for agricultural properties. It features the assessment of the legal character of a property being recorded in the cadaster as agricultural and establishing properties as agricultural in zoning acts and the Act on Zoning and Development. The article also tells the story of limitation of trading agricultural land in Poland, focusing largely on the most recent and very extreme limitation introduced by the Act on Ceasing the Sale of Property Owned by the State Treasury and amending certain other acts of 14 April 2016 and reviews the procedure and legal conditioning of obtaining a permit to sell agricultural property, granted by means of an administrative decision issued by the President of the Agricultural Property Agency and the potential consequences of its invalidity. The article provides a complex review of a wide range of issues related to the limitations on transactions involving agricultural real property.

PL

Przedmiotem rozważań prezentowanych w artykule jest kształtowanie się normatywnej treści definicji pojęcia nieruchomości rolnej jako przedmiotu reglamentacji obrotu własnościowego. Analiza prowadzona jest na gruncie szeregu aktów prawnych na przestrzeni lat – przed uchwaleniem kodeksu cywilnego, zgodnie z treścią art. 461 Kodeksu cywilnego, na gruncie ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Przedmiotem rozważań są także: kryteria uznawania nieruchomości za wykorzystywaną na cele produkcji rolnej, ocena prawnego charakteru wpisu klasyfikacji gruntów jako rolnych w ewidencji gruntów i budynków, określania gruntów jako rolnych w aktach planowania przestrzennego oraz na gruncie samej ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Autor opisuje również historię reglamentacji obrotu ziemią rolną w Polsce, poświęcając dużo miejsca zmianom wprowadzonym ustawą z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych ustaw. Opracowanie obejmuje ponadto analizę podstaw materialnoprawnych i postępowania w sprawie wyrażania zgody na zbycie nieruchomości rolnej, udzielanej w drodze decyzji administracyjnej wydawanej przez Prezesa Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych, oraz potencjalne konsekwencje jej wadliwości dla obrotu gruntami rolnymi. Zostały też opisane inne zagadnienia związane z ograniczeniami obrotem nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce.

17

Ochrona środowiska za pomocą instrumentów prawno-finansowych Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej

63%

Prutis S.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2015

|

tom 13

39-63

EN

Environmental protection is an integral part (component) of actions as well as financial and legal instruments undertaken in the course of the two pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy: market and income policy and rural development policy. Such protection is the aim pursued in the programs and legal regulations of the Common Agricultural Policy, and legal mechanisms of environmental protection, act as instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy, giving reasonable assurance, flexible but effective protection of the various elements of the natural environment. Imposing an obligation to protect the environment is justified in the concept of sustainable development of agriculture, as such development meets the needs of future generations. Connection between the obligation to protect the environment, which is the public aim, with economic activity in the private farmstead, does not raise doubts from the point of view of the principles of distributive justice. The legal construction that explains such a solution is, proposed by A. Stelmachowski, the concept of agricultural property, as a complex of rights and obligations determining the legal situation of the entity – the owner of the farm. A characteristic feature of agricultural property is that these obligations relate not only to specific individuals, but to the State representing the public interest of society as a whole. In exchange for the due performance of agricultural property, the owner has the right to expect assistance from the state, when they exercise their ownership rights.

18

Nowe przepisy wykonawcze do ustawy o zgospodarowaniu nieruchomosciami rolnymi Skarbu Panstwa - cz.2

63%

Ralowska Z.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

|

2003

|

nr 11

25

19

Gerichtliche Durchsetzung des Anspruchs auf Übertragung des Eigentums an landwirtschaftlichen Grundstücken des Mandanten und das Kaufrecht. Glosse zum Urteil des Landgerichts in Olsztyn . I. Zivilabteilung vom 9.12.2022, I C 750/18

63%

Bieranowski A.

|

2023

|

nr 5 (385)

65-81

20

Consent of the National Center of Agricultural Support for the purchase of agricultural property as a new instrument for real estate turnover

63%

Brozyna M. , Pijanowska J.

|

2019

|

tom 21

|

nr 1

EN

In 2016 the rules concerning the agricultural land market in Poland changed. This legal reform was aimed at closing access for EU foreigners to the Polish agricultural land market. Prior to these new regulations being introduced, it was speculated whether these changes would lead to the agricultural land market “freezing up”, as the relevant jurisdiction and responsibilities, formerly granted to the Agricultural Property Agency, were taken over by the National Center of Agricultural Support (KOWR ). The analysis was conducted on the basis of subject literature and data was obtained from KOWR . The investigated problems included formal and legal aspects of issuing consents by KOWR for the acquisition of agricultural land located in the Republic of Poland, as well as actual use of the above mentioned instrument by KOWR ’s branch unit in Cracow. The regulation, aimed at closing access for EU foreigners to Polish agricultural land, was constructed in such a way that access to agricultural land was either impeded or made impossible not only for foreign entities but also certain Polish citizens. In accordance with Art. 2a par.4 of the Act on shaping the agricultural system (UKUR ), consent of KOWR is required in the case of agricultural land purchase by entities other than those mentioned in Art 2a par. 3 of UKUR . According to the data obtained from KOWR and presented in the paper, it is evident that this instrument is being practically applied in the Malopolska Province.

PL

W 2016 roku uległy zmianie reguły obrotu ziemią rolną w Polsce. Celem reformy prawa było zamknięcie dostępu do rynku polskiej ziemi rolnej dla cudzoziemców z Unii Europejskiej. W przededniu wejścia nowych przepisów w życie spekulowano na temat tego, czy zmiana doprowadzi do „zamrożenia” rynku ziemi rolnej, m.in. w związku z uprawnieniami, jakie przyznano Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych, której obowiązki przejął Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa (KOWR ). Do analizy posłużono się literaturą przedmiotu oraz danymi KOWR . Badany problem to formalno-prawne aspekty wydawania przez KOWR zgody na nabycie ziemi rolnej położonej na terenie RP oraz faktyczne wykorzystanie przedmiotowego instrumentu przez KOWR Oddział Terenowy w Krakowie. Regulację mającą na celu zamknięcie dostępu do polskiej ziemi rolnej cudzoziemcom z UE skonstruowano w taki sposób, że dostęp do rynku ziemi rolnej utrudniono albo uniemożliwiono nie tylko podmiotom zagranicznym, ale także niektórym obywatelom polskim. Zgodnie z art. 2a ust. 4 ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego (UKUR ), zgoda taka wymagana jest w przypadku nabycia ziemi rolnej przez podmioty inne niż wymienione w art. 2a ust. 3 UKUR . Jak wskazują uzyskane od KOWR i zaprezentowane dane, w Małopolsce instrument ten jest wykorzystywany w praktyce.