Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Biocontrol of common vole populations by avian predators versus rodenticide application

100%

Machar I. , Hermacek J. , Vrublova K. , Filippovova J. , Brus J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 3

EN

This paper presents results of a study focused on using the increased predation pressure of avian raptors for biocontrol of local populations of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in Haná (Czech Republic), a region of traditional agriculture in central Europe. Five raptor perches per hectare were installed on fields (total number of perches installed per year was 625) during two vole outbreaks in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. The importance of the installed perches for the abundance of raptors during both outbreaks was evaluated based on the overall raptor counting along a transect. The results imply that supporting aggregations of raptors on agricultural arable land by means of installed artificial perches can increase the predation pressure on M. arvalis at the onset and during its population outbreaks. The density of raptors was low in fields without installed perches, although the local vole population was reaching its peak densities (2100 active burrows per hectare). In contrast, the density of raptors in fields with installed perches was markedly high. The results showed that the cost of biological control applied to agricultural land with an ongoing vole outbreak may sum up to approx. 50% of the rodenticide application costs (with equal efficiencies of both methods reducing the common vole abundance below the economic injury level).

2

State-space estimation of soil organic carbon stock

100%

Timm L. C. , Ogunwole J. O. , Obidike-Ugwu E. O. , Gabriels D. M.

International Agrophysics

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2014

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tom 28

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nr 2

EN

Understanding soil spatial variability and identifying soil parameters most determinant to soil organic carbon stock is pivotal to precision in ecological modelling, prediction, estimation and management of soil within a landscape. This study investigates and describes field soil variability and its structural pattern for agricultural management decisions. The main aim was to relate variation in soil organic carbon stock to soil properties and to estimate soil organic carbon stock from the soil properties. A transect sampling of 100 points at 3 m intervals was carried out. Soils were sampled and analyzed for soil organic carbon and other selected soil properties along with determination of dry aggregate and water-stable aggregate fractions. Principal component analysis, geostatistics, and state-space analysis were conducted on the analyzed soil properties. The first three principal components explained 53.2% of the total variation; Principal Component 1 was dominated by soil exchange complex and dry sieved macroaggregates clusters. Exponential semivariogram model described the structure of soil organic carbon stock with a strong dependence indicating that soil organic carbon values were correlated up to 10.8m.Neighbouring values of soil organic carbon stock, all waterstable aggregate fractions, and dithionite and pyrophosphate iron gave reliable estimate of soil organic carbon stock by state-space.

3

Impact of mountainous areas management system upon biogenes content in surface waters

100%

Kanownik W.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 2

EN

The paper presents the results of over 6 years research on biogenes concentrations in surface waters originated from 4 measurement and control sections located in the catchment of Trybska Rzeka stream, which is a right-bank tributary of Białka river whose mouth lies on the right shore of Czorsztyn reservoir. The research has been aimed at determining the impact of mountainous lands management system on the biogenes content in the surface waters flowing across the area. Since numerous factors, quite often difficult to identify, can influence the number of biogenes in water, the field studies were conducted in three very small catchments that were similar in terms of physical and geographical, as well as climatic conditions, but the lands differed in the agricultural management systems. An additional research section on Trybska Rzeka watercourse within the built-in area of Trybsz village has been established to determine the influence of village farmstead areas on biogenic contaminants introduced to surface waters via various agents. The conducted research allowed to conclude that the agricultural management system applied to microcatchments significantly impacts biogenes content in surface waters flowing out from the concerned area. Nitrate nitrogen and phosphates contents are most heavily impacted. It was also found that in mountainous areas grasslands are most effective in reducing nitrogen compounds content in infiltration waters. Settlement areas with inconsistent water and sewage disposal management systems and inappropriately designed facilities for storing sewage and manure contribute gravely to degenerating surface waters.

4

Millipede (Diplopoda) communities in agricultural landscape: influence of management form

84%

Stasiov S. , Hazuchova L. , Vician V. , Kocik K. , Svitok M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 3

EN

Currently, the alternative forms of management are increasingly applied in agriculture. Although their less negative impact on environment is generally supposed, there is still a lack of a reliable data about their real favourability for the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates, including millipedes. Therefore, the aim of our study was to find out, whether the form of agricultural management affects the structure of millipede communities and hence, the performance of their functions in soil ecosystems. The research was carried out using pitfall trapping through growing seasons 2005 to 2007 on the model territory of Agricultural Cooperative (AC) Očová (Central Slovakia). Millipedes were captured at four pairs of sites (8 sites in total). The same cultivated crop (wheat, barley, alfalfa or permanent law) with application of two different forms of agricultural management (conventional form and sustainable form with basic sustainable agro-environmental scheme) was characteristic of each pair of sites. The research results disclosed that the management form plays a significant role, especially in such agrocoenoses, in which the same crop is cultivated for several years (e.g. sites with alfalfa or permanent lawn), i.e., on the sites without ploughing or other similar agrotechnical measures. In these cases, the sites with the sustainable agro-environmental scheme had higher species richness (8 and 9 species) and higher total abundance of millipede communities (2.2 and 5.7 ind. collected per one day and one trap) than the sites with the conventional form of agrotechnical management (5 and 5 species, 0.09 and 0.3 ind. collected per one day and one trap). In order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the impact of agricultural management forms on millipede communities, this kind of research should be carried out in different conditions (other crops, soil conditions, climate zones, etc.) as well.

5

Application of the Nmin soil test in fertilizer recommendations and environment protection in Austria

84%

Spiegel H. , Dersch G.

Nawozy i Nawożenie

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2009

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nr 37

6

Okreslenie zapotrzebowania na prace urzadzenioworolne. 1. Zasady i metody programowania prac urzadzenioworolnych

84%

Zak M.

Acta Academiae Agriculturae ac Technicae Olstenensis. Geodaesia et Ruris Regulatio

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1993

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tom 22

69-73

7

Fertilizers management in the CEE countries - consumption trends - effect on current and future wheat yields performance

84%

Grzebisz W. , Szczepaniak W. , Cyna K. , Potarzycki J.

Nawozy i Nawożenie

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2009

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nr 37

8

Mortality factors of the common hamster Cricetus cricetus at two sites in Germany

84%

Kayser A. , Weinhold U. , Stubbe M.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 1

EN

The mortality of the common hamster Cricetus cricetus (Linnaeus, 1758) was analysed in two regions of Germany. Samples of radio tagged individuals and carcasses found in the field during monitoring procedures were compared. Predation and winter mortality were the main mortality factors, followed by disease and death caused by agricultural machinery during the harvest or other management measures. The causes of mortality differed in the two regions, due to different environmental and ecological parameters, including field size, crops, presence of predators, and agricultural management. The main mortality factors were all directly or indirectly linked to agriculture. Present agricultural management exacerbates predation and increases winter mortality in this species. Crops with a prolonged vegetation cover and food supply are crucial for the survival of common hamsters on farmland with intense agricultural management.

9

Rolnicze i pozarolnicze formy zagospodarowania obszarów wiejskich w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim

67%

Falkowski J. , Kluba M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Administratio Locorum

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 3

10

Long-term change in land management from subtropical wetland to paddy field shifts soil microbial community structure as determined by PLFA and T-RFLP

67%

Wang W. , Niu J. , Zhou X. , Wang Y.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 1

EN

Conversion of land from wetland to agricultural management practices can lead to significant changes in nutrient rich topsoil, which may have an impact on microbial community structure in soils. However, little is known about how long-term (ca. 40 years) rice cultivation, one of major agricultural management practices in many regions, influence soil microbial biomass and community structure. Soil samples were collected from a wetland and paddy field in Anhui province in eastern China to examine soil physical and chemical characteristics and associated soil microbial biomass and community composition. Microbial community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Results indicated that soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and NH4 +-N contents were significantly lower in the paddy field in comparison to the wetland. Total microbial biomass showed a slightly significant decrease in the paddy field, however, there were significant shifts in the composition of the microbial communities based on the PLFA and T-RFLP fingerprintings in the both ecosystems. Signature PLFA analysis revealed that the sum of bacterial PLFAs and the relative proportions of Gram negative bacterial specific PLFAs significantly decreased in the paddy field, nonetheless, the relative numbers of actinobacterial, Gram positive and fungal PLFAs as well as the ratio between the bacterial and fungal PLFAs were not affected by the long-term agricultural management. These results revealed that long-term rice cultivations not only drastically decreased soil nutrients but also leaded to shifts in the soil microbial community structure, which would be helpful to provide a better understanding of wetland conservation and management practices.

11

Agricultural management of pig slurry - composition, storage, spilling and fertilizer value

67%

Marszałek M. , Kowalski Z. , Makara A.

Ekologia i Technika

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2013

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tom R. 21, nr 1

3-11

EN

Intensive non-bedding pig farming is associated with the formation of large quantities of liquid manure called pig slurry. It is a mixture primarily of faeces, urine, remains of feed and technological water used to remove excrements. In areas of high concentration of pig farms, slurry may pose a potential threat to the environment, therefore i t requires proper management or disposal in accordance with the existing legislation. Currently, one of the most appropriate and most rational direction for pig slurry use is its agronomic use as fertilizer material. It is a fully justified solution as slurry, due to a high content of nutrients (both in organic and mineral forms) used by plants, mainly readily available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, constitutes a balanced natural fertilizer, which can help to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers. An important issue of agricultural management of pig slurry is its proper storage and spilling. Improper storage or excessive fertilization with slurry may lead to contamination of air, groundwater and surface waters as well as soils. Liquid waste from pig farming can pollute the atmosphere with ammonia and greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide (I) and hydrogen sulphide), and may also cause nutrient leaching into groundwater arid eutrophication of surface waters as well as soil degradation due to supersaturation with phosphates or acidification with ammonia. Furthermore, pig slurry can be a source of odour nuisance for people living close to pig farms. The article presents the composition and fertilizer value of pig slurry as well as the conditions and methods for its storage and application onto arable fields, taking into consideration environmental protection requirements and both Polish and EU legislation.

PL

Intensywny bezściółkowy chów trzody chlewnej wiąże się z powstawaniem znacznych ilości ciekłych odchodów czyli tzw. gnojowicy. Stanowi ona mieszaninę głównie kału, moczu, resztek paszy oraz wody technologicznej wykorzystywanej do usuwania odchodów. Na obszarach o wysokiej koncentracji ferm trzody chlewnej, gnojowica może potencjalnie stwarzać zagrożenie dla środowiska naturalnego, dlatego wymaga ona odpowiedniego zagospodarowania lub unieszkodliwienia w myśl obowiązujących przepisów prawnych. Obecnie jednym z najwłaściwszych i najbardziej racjonalnych kierunków wykorzystania gnojowicy jest jej agrotechniczne użycie jako materiału nawozowego. Jest to w pełni uzasadnione rozwiązanie, gdyż gnojowica ze względu na dużą zawartość składników pokarmowych (zarówno w formach organicznych jak i mineralnych) wykorzystywanych przez rośliny, głównie łatwo dostępnego azotu, fosforu i potasu stanowi pełnowartościowy nawóz naturalny, który może przyczynić się do ograniczenia użycia nawozów mineralnych. Ważną kwestią rolniczego zagospodarowania gnojowicy jest jej odpowiednie magazynowanie i rozlewanie. Nieprawidłowe przechowywanie bądź też nadmierne nawożenie gnojowicą może doprowadzić do skażenia powietrza, wód gruntowych i powierzchniowych oraz gleb. Ciekłe odpady z hodowli trzody chlewnej mogą zanieczyszczać atmosferę amoniakiem oraz gazami cieplarnianymi (metan, dwutlenek węgla, tlenek azotu(I) i siarkowodór), powodować wymywanie składników nawozowych do wód gruntowych oraz eutrofizację wód powierzchniowych, a także degradację gleb na skutek przesycenia fosforanami lub zakwaszenia amoniakiem. Ponadto gnojowica może być źródłem uciążliwości zapachowejdla mieszkańców sąsiadujących z fermami trzody chlewnej. W artykule przedstawiono skład i wartość nawozową gnojowicy oraz warunki i sposoby jej magazynowania i aplikowania na pola uprawne z uwzględnieniem wymogów ochrony środowiska oraz polskich i unijnych aktów prawnych.

12

The application of the Nmin soil test as an element of integrated nitrogen management strategies in agriculture

67%

Wiesler F. , Armbruster M.

Nawozy i Nawożenie

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2009

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nr 37