Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Single particle analysis of soil dust by aerosol time-of-flight laser mass spectrometry

100%

Xiao-Yong Guo X.-Y. , Wen-Wu Zhao W.-W. , Ming-Qiang Huang M.-Q. , Hai-Yang Zheng H.-Y. , Li Fang L. , Wei-Jun Zhang W.-J.

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2007

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tom Vol. 37, nr 3

229-235

EN

A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the single particle soil dust using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presence of crustal elements is observed in the mass spectra of individual particles. Potassium and iron constitute the two most commonly detected cations. Other common cations observed in the mass spectra of soil particles include sodium and magnesium. According to a large number of single aerosol diameters, we obtained the size distribution. Peaks in the positive ion mass spectra enable us to identify individual dust particles in atmospheric samples and track chemically distinct dust particles in the atmosphere using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

2

Effect of synoptic meteorological conditions on aerosol properties over urban environment: A study over tropical urban region of Hyderabad, India

75%

Kharol S. K. , Badarinath K. V. S.

Acta Geophysica

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2007

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tom Vol. 55, no. 3

383-397

EN

Aerosol particle size distribution and chemical properties are important in studies related to human health and climate. The present study describes an analysis of aerosol mass loading, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), black carbon aerosol mass concentration and carbon monoxide over tropical urban region of Hyderabad, India, during March 2006, coinciding with active forest fires season over India. Aerosol optical depth, particulate matter mass loading and carbon monoxide were observed to be high on days with air mass coming from north of the study area. Spatial occurrence of forest fires was analysed using MODIS daytime data and DMSP-OLS nighttime data sets. Aerosol optical depth measured using Micro-tops–II sunphotometer correlated well with MODIS derived AOD values. Results of the study suggested that synoptic meteorological conditions play an important role in the observed aerosol properties over the study area during the forest fire season.

3

Multivariate statistical approaches as applied to environmental physics studies

75%

Lovchinov V. , Tsakovski S.

Open Physics

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2006

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tom 4

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nr 2

277-298

EN

The present communication deals with the application of the most important environmetric approaches like cluster analysis, principal components analysis and principal components regression (apportioning models) to environmental systems which are of substantial interest for environmental physics - surface waters, aerosols, and coastal sediments. Using various case studies we identify the latent factors responsible for the data set structure and construct models showing the contribution of each identified source (anthropogenic or natural) to the total measure of the pollution. In this way the information obtained by the monitoring data becomes broader and more intelligent, which help in problem solving in environmental physics.

4

Polluting sources apportionment for atmospheric and coastal sediments environment

63%

Simeonova P.

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2006

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tom Vol. 13, nr 10

1021-1032

EN

The present communication deals with the application of principal components analysis and source apportioning on absolute principal components scores to an aerosol data collection from Arnoldstein, Austria and to a data set from sediment samples from the US coast. In both cases the first step of the environmetric data interpretation is the identification of latent factors determining the data structure and resembling the pollutant sources in the vicinity of the sampling. It is convincingly shown that six latent factors explaining almost 80 % of the total variance are responsible for the data structure of the aerosol monitoring set, which are conditionally identified as "fertilizer", secondary emission", "lead smelter", "traffic", "salt" and "soil dust" by principal components analysis (PCA). In the second step of the intelligent data analysis the contribution of each identified source to the formation of the particle total mass and chemical compounds total concentration is calculated. Further, the same two-step procedure is applied to the sediment data collection where four latent factors ("anthropogenic", "organic", "natural", and "hot spots") are identified and, respectively, apportioned. Thus, a reliable assessment of the air quality and the sediment role as environmental quality indicators in the region of observation is achieved. The apportioning models obtained are checked for adequateness and validated. The latent factor contribution models can be further used for risk assessment and respective decision making. Additionally, it is commented why chemometrics could be successfully applied as sustainability metrics in various aspects of interpretation of the stale of "sustainable development".

PL

Opisano zastosowanie metod analizy czynników głównych (PCA) oraz udziału źródeł do opisu bezwzględnego wpływu czynników na aerozole zebrane w Arnoldstein (Austria) i na wybrzeżu USA. W obu przypadkach pierwszym krokiem w interpretacji danych była identyfikacja czynników ukrytych określających strukturę danych i rozpoznanie źródeł zanieczyszczeń w pobliżu miejsc, z których pobierano próbki. W sposób przekonujący wykazano, że za strukturę danych pochodzących z badania aerozolu odpowiada 6 czynników tłumaczących prawie 80 % całkowitej wariancji. Zostały one warunkowo określone jako "nawóz", "emisja drugorzędna", "huta ołowiu", "ruch uliczny", "sól" i" pył glebowy". W drugim kroku inteligentnej analizy danych obliczono udział każdego zidentyfikowanego źródła na masę cząstek i ich skład chemiczny. Następnie ta sama dwuetapowa procedura została zastosowana do danych otrzymanych podczas badania osadów. Zidentyfikowano 4 ukryte czynniki ("antropogenny", "organiczny", "naturalny" i"gorące punkty") i określono ich wpływ na badane parametry. Osiągnięto wiarygodne oszacowanie jakości powietrza i osadu jako wskaźników jakości środowiska w badanym regionie. Modele udziału ukrytych czynników mogą być w dalszej kolejności używane do oceny ryzyka i odpowiedniego podejmowania decyzji.

5

Diffraction methods of drop size measurement in polydispersive media

51%

Opara T. A.

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tom Vol. 31, nr 1

115-141

EN

The principles of the diffractive method of drop size determination in the aerosol stream of fuel of significant diversification of drop dimensions are presented. Three variants of data processing obtained from the light intensity distribution I(r) in the image plane are described. A comparison of both properties and applicability of the two variants is made.

6

Microbial quality of air in various seasons under the influence of emissions from sewage treatment plant

51%

Przybulewska K. , Czupryniak M.

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2006

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tom Vol. 32, nr 3

25-30

PL

Badaniami objęto teren wokół oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim. W 1 m3 powietrza oznaczano ogólną liczebność bakterii i grzybów, a także bakterii wskaźnikowych, tj. promieniowców, pałeczki okrężnicy (Escherichia coli) oraz bakterii Pseudomonas fluorescens. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników i przeprowadzonej analizy statystycznej stwierdzono, że zarówno wybrane czynniki, tj. pora roku, jak i lokalizacja wybranych punktów badawczych miały istotny wpływ na liczebność badanych mikroorganizmów. Największe zanieczyszczenie stanowiły bakterie oraz grzyby, a następnie promieniowce. Bioaerozole emitowane przez oczyszczalnie ścieków zawierały pałeczki okrężnicy (Escherichia coli) oraz bakterie Pseudomonas fluorescens.

EN

The study was performed in the area adjacent to the municipal sewage treatment plant in Gorzów Wielkopolski. The tests carried out in order to determine total bacteria and fungi as well as the population of indicator bacteria (actinomycetes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in 1 m3 of air. The results obtained and statistical analysis revealed that both selected factors (season and localization of sampling points) had a great influence on the population of microorganisms tested. Bacteria, fungi and, to a smaller extent, actinomycetes were the most serious air pollutants. Bioaerosols emitted from sewage-treatment plants also contained Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria.

7

Test stands for measuring the average diameter of the fuel aerosol drops by diffraction method

44%

Opara T. A.

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tom Vol. 31, nr 1

143-164

EN

Measuring stands enabling practical implementation of the diffraction method for measuring the drop sizes of the fuel aerosol stream are presented. The construction of the diffractometer is described in which the recording of the light intensity distribution is made by scanning the image plane with a detecting system adjusted to the specificity of the image. A stand for measuring the average drop diameter in aerosols produced by fuel injectors of airplane turbine engines are presented and examples of the examination results are shown.