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1

Human activity and aeolian relief of Starczynów “Desert”, Poland

100%

Pełka-Gościniak J.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2013

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tom 1

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nr 3

1-6

EN

Starczynów „Desert” is located in the eastern part of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) and makes a compact area with the occurrence of aeolian sands, which till the 1960s. were intensively blown. Its flat surface is diversified by many dunes of different shapes and sizes. Aeolian coversands are formed here as a cover of changing thickness. The „desert” is not a typical dry climatic area. The term Starczynów „Desert” refers to the area of occurrence of bare sands and aeolian processes and makes a geographical name that can be found on topographic maps. Its development was conditioned by human activity, where since the Middle Ages dense forest areas have been cut to obtain timber for the needs of contemporary mining and metallurgy of lead and silver ores causing the activation of aeolian processes at sandy substratum, built from the Vistulian proluvial-deluvial deposits. In the formation of the aeolian relief of Starczynów „Desert” it is possible to distinguish some stages of intensive wind activity: the 13th-15th centuries, the 16th-17th centuries, the turn of 18th and 19th centuries, the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. In present times human interference in the environment of Starczynów „Desert” consists of fixing sandy areas to protect them from deflation. Human damage exists here in the aeolian relief through terrain levelling and building fire escape roads. In the north-eastern part of the „desert” sand was exploited, therefore a sandpit appeared. This area was subject to the activity of mining for Zn-Pb ores, which caused numerous collapsed cones. In the last few years this part of the „desert” was properly reclaimed.

2

Aeolian abrasion of the coastal deposits on the western Crete

88%

Dulias R.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2023

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tom 42

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nr 3

161-174

EN

Crete is located in the collision zone of tectonic plates; therefore, the island coast was often shaped due to tectonic phenomena. In 365 AD, a major earthquake caused the uplift of the coast of western Crete by a few metres. It means that the modern beaches of this part of the island are fragments of the former seabed with its littoral deposits. Some of these deposits are affected by wind activity. The article aims to answer the question, did wind transport lasting more than 1600 years give the marine deposits the features of aeolian deposits? Grain size and mineral composition were determined for samples from seven research sites in western Crete. Deposits representing three sedimentary environments were examined – high-energy beach, aeolian, and beach with permanent or periodic fluvial supply. Quartz abrasion was established using the morphoscopic method. In the 0.8–1.0 mm fraction, less resistant carbonate minerals dominate (on average, 77%), while the content of more resistant quartz is low (on average, 18%). It means most deposits are relatively young and were briefly in the range of aeolian processes. Coastal deposits are dominated by moderately rounded and mat grains EM/RM, on average 79%. The content of very well-rounded and mat grains RM is low, on average 18%. Multiple predominances of EM/RM grains in relation to RM grains indicate short-term aeolian transport. It can be concluded that the degree of aeolisation of coastal deposits by wind activity from 365 AD to the present is weak, at most moderate.

3

Changes in quantitative parameters of active wind dunes on the south-east Baltic Sea coast during the last decade (Curonian Spit, Lithuania)

75%

Morkūnaitė R. , Bautrėnas A. , Česnulevičius A. , Dobrotin N. , Baubinienė A. , Jankauskaitė M. , Kalesnikas A. , Mačiulevičiūtė-Turlienė N.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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tom Vol. 62, No. 1

38--47

EN

The Curonian Spit is one of the largest Holocene sand accumulation forms, stretching along the Baltic Sea coast and belonging to the Baltic sand belt. This article deals with the dynamics of the Curonian Spit dunes in the context of global climate change. Investigations were carried out in the environs of two high dunes (Parnidis Dune and Naglis Dune) over a period of 10 years (2003-2014). Levelling of cross-sections was performed using modern geodesic devices. Wind velocities and directions were measured at meteorological stations of Klaipeda and Nida. The wind regime (number of days with winds >15 m/s) was almost at the multiannual average during the study period. Sand moisture was measured in both dunes studied, and groundwater level was measured in the environs of the Naglis Dune by using ground penetrating radar (GPR). The Naglis Dune experienced a more significant lowering (by 4-6 m) compared with the Parnidis Dune over the study period, while sand deficit was greater in the Parnidis Dune (~10,000 m3). Compared with other European sand dune systems, the Curonian Spit dunes have undergone strong degradation. The article highlights possible degradation reasons and indicates the necessity of additional investigations. Only long-term investigations can contribute to disclosing the main processes both as natural background and due to anthropogenic activities, and the devising of protection measures.

4

Depositional conditions on an alluvial fan at the turn of the Weichselian to the Holocene – a case study in the Żmigród Basin, southwest Poland

63%

Zieliński P. , Sokołowski R. J. , Fedorowicz S. , Woronko B. , Hołub B. , Jankowski M. , Kuc M. , Tracz M.

Geologos

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2016

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tom Vol. 22, No. 2

105--120

EN

Presented are the results of research into the fluvio-aeolian sedimentary succession at the site of Postolin in the Żmigród Basin, southwest Poland. Based on lithofacies analysis, textural analysis, Thermoluminescence and Infrared-Optical Stimulated Luminescence dating and GIS analysis, three lithofacies units were recognised and their stratigraphic succession identified: 1) the lower unit was deposited during the Pleni-Weichselian within a sand-bed braided river functioning under permafrost conditions within the central part of the alluvial fan; 2) the middle unit is the result of aeolian deposition and fluvial redeposition on the surface of the fan during long-term permafrost and progressive decrease of humidity of the climate at the turn of the Pleni to the Late Weichselian; 3) the upper unit accumulated following the development of longitudinal dunes at the turn of the Late Weichselian to the Holocene; the development of dunes was interrupted twice by the form being stabilised by vegetation and soil development.

5

Naturalne i antropogeniczne przekształcenia środowiska geograficznego na stanowisku archeologicznym kultury mogiłowej w Szczepidle 17 (Kotlina Kolska)

63%

Hildebrandt-Radke I. , Makarowicz P.

Landform Analysis

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2014

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tom Vol. 26

21--37

PL

Artykuł dotyczy badań relacji człowiek–środowisko na przykładzie osady kultury mogiłowej ze środkowej epoki brązu, którą odkryto na obszarze niecki deflacyjnej pomiędzy wydmami parabolicznymi na odcinku konińskim Pradoliny Warty. Lokalizacji osadnictwa kultury mogiłowej w pradolinie sprzyjały warunki klimatyczne okresu subborealnego, które określane są jako suche i chłodne. W wyniku badań archeologicznych, litologicznych i geochemicznych stwierdzono, że działalność człowieka przekształciła rzeźbę stanowiska archeologicznego, czyli niecki deflacyjnej. Powstały obiekty archeologiczne, które są pozostałościami działalności osadniczej i gospodarczej (metalurgicznej) zachodzącej na tych samych przestrzeniach stanowiska wielokrotnie. Archiwalne badania palinologiczne wskazują na: obecność wskaźników synantropizacji środowiska, gatunków wprowadzanych przez człowieka, ale też pośrednio na wylesienia, pojawiają się powierzchnie otwarte – pola. Od okresu subborealnego można obserwować nakładanie się wpływów antropogenicznych i naturalnych, klimatycznych kształtujących reżim hydrologiczny w dolinie Warty – można wnioskować o coraz większej częstotliwości powodzi i akumulacji mad. Ten czynnik w konsekwencji mógł się przyczynić do opuszczenia osady około 2800 BP (okres wilgotnych warunków w dolinie).

EN

This article focuses on man-environment relations as exemplified by a Tumulus culture settlement from the Middle Bronze Age discovered in a deflation basin among parabolic dunes in the Konin section of the Warta Pradolina. What favoured the location of the Tumulus culture settlement in the Pradolina was the climatic conditions of the Subboreal period: dry and cool. As archeological, lithological and geochemical studies have shown, human activity has transformed the relief of the archeological site, i.e. the deflation basin. There have appeared archeological objects which are remnants of settlement and economic (metallurgical) activities taking place many times in the same places of the site. Archival palynological research suggests synanthropisation of the environment, the presence of species introduced by man and, indirectly, deforestation: there appeared open spaces – fields. From the Subboreal stage on, one can observe a joint impact of anthropogenic and natural (climatic) factors on the hydrological regime pattern in the Warta valley: a growing frequency of floods and an accumulation of muds. This factor could in effect force people to abandon the settlement about 2800 BP (a period of humid conditions in the valley).

6

Depositional conditions of the Upper Younger Loess during the Last Glacial Maximum in central and eastern Europe

63%

Dzierżek J. , Lindner L. , Chlebowski R. , Szymanek M. , Bogucki A. , Tomeniuk O.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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tom Vol. 72, no. 4

369--389

EN

This paper is a summary of the results of research on the accumulation conditions of the Upper Younger Loess (LMg) in Poland and Bug loess (bg) in Ukraine from the maximum stage (MIS 2) of the Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation in central and eastern Europe. These studies included an analysis of the morphological (topographic) situation of the loess cover, its grain size and heavy mineral composition, the preserved structures of loess sedimentation as well as mollusc and pollen analyses of this loess. They revealed that the accumulation of Upper Younger Loess (UYL) might have been more dependent on the prevailing moisture conditions than previously thought. These conditions could have been caused by cold air masses from an ice sheet and warm air masses from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic coming together in the Carpathians and the Holy Cross Mountains and favouring the formation of dust storms and precipitation. In this process, a loading of loess dust (formed from local rocks weathering in periglacial conditions) by atmospheric moisture particles was especially significant. The moist substrate not only favoured the periodic development of vegetation and molluscs but also enabled the interception of dust and the accumulation of an increasingly thick loess cover. Westerly and south-westerly winds predominated in the UYL as indicated by the topographic position of loess patches and the mineral composition of the studied loess. Periodically an increased air circulation from the east and northeast occurred.

7

Nowe dane odnośnie do genezy i wieku form stożkopodobnych południowej części Niziny Środkowomazowieckiej

63%

Kalińska E. , Wyszomierski M.

Landform Analysis

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2010

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tom Vol. 13

27-31

PL

Południowa część Niziny Środkowomazowieckiej wykształcona jest z reguły jako prawie płaska powierzchnia zbudowana z osadów piaszczystych. Została ona określona mianem form stożkopodobnych. Szczegółowa analiza cech teksturalnych wskazała na eoliczne środowisko depozycji osadów. Rozwój form odbywał się w czterech etapach podczas środkowego i górnego vistulianu.

EN

The southern Mazovian Lowland is a almost flat plain build of fine- and medium-grained sands as a rule. It has been described as a fan-like forms. Detailed textural analysis indicated aeolian sedimentary environment. Forms were developed in four phases during middle and upper vistulianu.

8

Przemiany wybranych form rzeźby terenu województwa łódzkiego w ostatnim stuleciu

63%

Twardy J.

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

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2019

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tom 109

11-28

PL

W pracy zajęto się zagadnieniem zmian ukształtowania terenu województwa łódzkiego w okresie minionych 100 lat. Wobec szczupłości materiałów zaprezentowano jedynie szereg przykładów zmian eolicznych form rzeźby oraz wybranych form występujących na stokach – parowów i innych młodych rozcięć erozyjnych. Przekształcanie rzeźby eolicznej w ostatnim 100-leciu wiązało się zarówno z powstawaniem małych, inicjalnych pagórków eolicznych, jak i przeobrażaniem przez wiatr starszych wydm późnoglacjalnych. Zmiany parowów polegały na szybkiej transformacji kształtów ich zboczy pod wpływem uprawy ziemi i objęły od 2,18 do 51,4% stoków parowów. Podobnie jak w przypadku wydm następowała zarówno transformacja rzeźby wcześniej powstałych parowów neoholoceńskich, jak i tworzyły się na stokach młode i niewielkie, lecz już trwałe formy erozyjne. Analizę zmian rzeźby form eolicznych i form występujących na stokach poprzedzono rozpatrzeniem podatności obszaru województwa łódzkiego na działanie procesów eolicznych i stokowych.

EN

The paper presents changes in the relief of the Łódź Voivodeship over the past 100 years. In view of a shortage of data, only a few cases of changes to aeolian landforms and to selected forms appearing on the slopes of gullies and other young erosional cuts were described. The transformation of aeolian relief in the last 100 years was associated with the formation of small, initial aeolian hillocks and with the transformation by wind of older late-glacial dunes. The changes to gullies involved rapid transformation of their slope profiles under the influence of soil cultivation and comprised from 2.18 to 51.4% of the gullies’ slopes. As in the case of the dunes, the transformation of the relief both of former Neoholocene gullies, and of young, small, but permanent erosional forms originated on the slopes took place. Relief analysis of aeolian landforms and features occurring on the slopes was preceded by consideration of the vulnerability of the Łódź Voivodeship area to aeolian activity and slope processes.

9

Geographical research of the 30th Polish Antarctic Expedition at Arctowski Polish Station (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)

63%

Angiel P. , Mikulska M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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tom 13

51-56

EN

This paper presents the scope of geographical research conducted at Arctowski Station during the 30th Polish Antarctic Expedition. The research included meteorological, climatological, geomorphological and glaciological issues. During the expedition, research was conducted on sandur sediments on the outwash plain of Sphinx Glacier, the size of the aeolian transport, intensity of periglacial phenomena, and the way in which environmental conditions are recorded on quartz grains collected on the Admiralty Bay beaches. Detailed measurements of the basic meteorological components were made, geomorphological maps of the outwash plains of Sphinx, Baranowski, and Windy Glaciers were also completed.