There are not many verbs in Contemporary Czech that are derived from adverbs. They are considered almost a marginal part of the Czech word-formation system. Nevertheless verbs that are derived from adverbs are differentiated (a) from the point of view of style: they are stylistically neutral, while some of them are also literary or colloquial; (b) from the point of view of frequency: some of those verbs are very frequent in the texts of the Czech National Corpus, others are seldom used. Sometimes it is difficult to recognise that the verb has been derived from an adverb: there may be a problem finding a connection between the meaning of the verbs and the adverbs and also between their formal structures in Contemporary Czech.
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This paper aims to describe and differentiate the diverse meanings of the adverbs rovně and zrovna during the different historical periods. It focuses on the usage of these expressions primarily in Middle Czech. Although a complete dictionary of Middle Czech is not yet available, we attempt to find the most significant functions of rovně and zrovna. Rovně is characterized by multiple meanings in Middle Czech, e.g. 'stejně', 'právě (v tu chvíli)' or 'rovnoměrně'. Zrovna does not occur until the Baroque period. However, it is much more frequent than rovně in contemporary Czech.
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