Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Admittance measurements on CIGS solar cells

100%

Kubiaczyk A. , Nawrocka M. , Igalson M.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2000

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tom Vol. 8, No. 4

378-381

EN

Thin film solar cells based on polycrystalline CIGS absorbers are one of the most promising candidates for the low-cost and efficient large-scale solar energy conversion devices. Electronic transport properties of ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ solar cells were investigated by means of admittance measurements in a frequency range from 600 Hz to 1 MHz and a temperature range from 80 to 300 K. Dependent on the sample under investigation, one characteristic frequency (inflection point) corresponding to an activation energy between 80 and 160 meV or two points corresponding to an activation energy about 400 meV have been observed. Analysis of the measured frequencies and obtained activation energies provides information on the equilibrium Fermi level position at the CdS/CIGS interface.

2

Course of hospitalization of patients referred on an emergency basis due to bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract

100%

Bojanowski A. , Mitura K. , Kisielewski K. , Leszczyński P. K.

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tom 4

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nr 1

11-20

PL

WSTĘP: Krwawienia do przewodu pokarmowego w warunkach przedszpitalnych niejednokrotnie są przyczyną wystąpienia stanu zagrożenia życia. Zdecydowana większość przypadków (80%) dotyczy krwawienia z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego, a śmiertelność wynosi wówczas nawet do 14% przypadków. Niezbędne jest wówczas szybkie rozpoznanie i skierowanie pacjenta na hospitalizację, gdyż najskuteczniejszym leczeniem jest terapia endoskopowa. Celem badania była analiza profilu pacjenta skierowanego do szpitala przez lekarza pierwszego kontaktu z podejrzeniem i/lub rozpoznaniem krwawienia z przewodu pokarmowego. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Autorzy podjęli próbę oceny wyjściowych wyników laboratoryjnych parametrów krytycznych (RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT) pacjentów przyjętych w trybie pilnym w latach 2017-2020 do szpitala miejskiego w Siedlcach, Polska. Łączna liczba chorych skierowanych przez lekarza pierwszego kontaktu z objawami krwawienia wynosiła 843. Procedura włączenia uwzględniała pacjentów skierowanych jedynie w trybie pilnym (n=56). Do opracowania statystycznego wykorzystano test normalności rozkładu zmiennych Shapiro-Wilka, korelację rho-Spearmana oraz testy niezależności Chi kwadrat. Wszystkie wyniki uznano za istotne przy p < 0,05. WYNIKI: Badaniem objęto 32 mężczyzn oraz 24 kobiety, kierowanych w 60,71% przypadkach z rozpoznaniem ICD-10: K92.2. Średnia wieku chorych wynosiła 65,02 lat (SD±14,69). Średnia długość hospitalizacji zarówno u kobiet jak i u mężczyzn wyniosła 5,11 dnia (SD±12,14). Wyniki krwi mężczyzn wynosiły średnio dla RBC: 3,28 106/µl; HGB: 9,26 g/dl; HCT: 27,94%; PLT: 229,13 103/µl, zaś u kobiet RBC: 3,26 106/µl; HGB: 9,76 g/dl; HCT: 29,12%; PLT: 240,33 103/µl. Terapia koncentratami krwinek czerwonych była istotnie zależna od wartości RBC (p=0,000), HGB (p=0,001) i HCT (p=0,000). Nie była jednak zależna od PLT (p=0,141). Podobną tendencję wykazała korelacja terapii osoczem z krytycznymi wartościami wybranych badań laboratoryjnych (RBC: p=0,000; HGB: p=0,021; HCT: p=0,005; PLT: p=0,116). WNIOSKI: Hospitalizacja pacjentów z grupy badanej dotyczyła przeważnie osób starszych płci męskiej, u których wyniki badań laboratoryjnych były zazwyczaj znacznie poniżej dolnej granic norm. Pacjenci kierowani do szpitala w trybie pilnym wymagają zazwyczaj terapii związanej z głęboką niedokrwistością. Pomimo wysokiego współczynnika przeżywalności należy rozważyć wdrożenie programów edukacyjnych mających na celu wcześniejsze rozpoznawanie objawów i wdrożenie diagnostyki w kierunku krwawienia z przewodu pokarmowego.

EN

INTRODUCTION: Bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract in the prehospital setting is often a cause of a life-threatening condition. The vast majority of cases (80%) involve bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract and the mortality reaches even 14% of cases. It is then necessary to quickly diagnose and direct the patient for hospitalisation as the most effective treatment in the endoscopic therapy. The study aimed to analyse the profile of the patient referred to a hospital by a primary healthcare physician with suspicion and/or diagnosis of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors attempted to assess the initial laboratory results of critical parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT and PLT) of patients admitted on an emergency basis in 2017-2020 to the municipal hospital in Siedlce, Poland. The total number of patients with bleeding symptoms referred by a primary healthcare physician was 843. The inclusion procedure included patients referred on an emergency basis only (n=56). The statistical analysis was conducted by means of the Shapiro–Wilk test of normal distribution, Spearman's rho correlation and Chi-Square Tests of Independence. All results were regarded as significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The study included 32 males and 24 females referred in 60.71% of cases with the ICD-10 diagnosis of K92.2. The mean age of the patients was 65.02 years (SD±14.69). The mean hospitalisation time was 5.11 days (SD±12.14), both in males and females. The average blood test results in males were as follows: RBC: 3.28 106/μL; HGB: 9.26 g/dL; HCT: 27.94%; PLT: 229.13 103/μL, while in females: RBC: 3.26 106/μL; HGB: 9.76 g/dL; HCT: 29.12%; PLT: 240.33 103/μL. Therapy with packed red blood cells was significantly dependent on the level of RBC (p=0.000), HGB (p=0.001) and HCT (p=0.000). However, it was not dependent on PLT (p=0.141). A similar tendency was shown in the correlation of plasma therapy with critical values of selected laboratory tests (RBC: p=0,000; HGB: p=0.021; HCT: p=0.005; PLT: p=0.116). CONCLUSIONS:The hospitalisation of patients from the study group concerned mostly to older males, whose laboratory test results were usually much below the normal limits. Patients referred to hospital on an emergency basis usually warrant therapy related to deep anaemia. Despite a high survival rate, educational programmes aiming at early diagnosis of symptoms and implementation of diagnostics for bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract are to be considered.

3

Admittance Analysis at Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Fast Dynamic Measurements

88%

Plausinaitis D. , Raudonis R. , Daujotis V.

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tom Vol. 74, nr 4

559-565

EN

A method is proposed for measuring admittance in cyclic voltammetry at an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The main idea of this method is to measure admittance spectrum in a series of repetitive potential cycles by using one perturbing frequency in one potential cycle.

4

Influence of composition of the near-surface graded-gap layer on the admittance of metal-insulator-semiconductor structures based on graded-gap MBE n-Hg₁₋xCdxTe in wide temperature range

88%

Voitsekhovskii A. V. , Nesmelov S. N. , Dzyadukh S. M.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2014

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tom Vol. 22, No. 4

236-244

EN

Influence of the CdTe content in a near-surface graded-gap layer on the admittance of MIS-structures fabricated on the basis of heteroepitaxial Hg₁₋xCdxTe (x = 0.22−0.23 and 0.31−0.32) films grown by molecular beam epitaxy was investigated in a wide temperature range. It is shown that a temperature drop from 77 K to 8 K results in a decrease of hysteresis of the capacitance-voltage (C−V) characteristics and a decrease of frequencies which corresponds to a high-frequency behaviour of C−V characteristics of MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.22–0.23) with and without graded-gap layersand also for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.31–0.32). Temperature dependences of the resistance of the epitaxial film bulk and differential resistance of the space-charge region (SCR) in strong inversion mode were studied. The experimental results can be explained by the fact that for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.22–0.23) with the graded-gap layers and for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.31–0.32), the differential resistance of SCR is limited by Shockley-Read generation at 25–77 K. Differential resistance of SCR for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.22–0.23) without the graded-gap layers is limited by tunnelling through deep levels at 8–77 K.

5

An impact of physical phenomena on admittances of partially-depleted SOI MOSFETs

75%

Tomaszewski D. , Łukasiak L. , Gibki J. , Jakubowski A.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2001

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tom nr 1

57-60

EN

An influence of the selected physical phenomena: impact ionization in silicon and time variation of internal electric field distribution in partially-depleted (PD) SOI MOSFETs on several C-V characteristics of these devices is presented. The role of avalanche multiplication in the so-called "pinch-off" region is discussed in a more detailed way. The analysis is done using a numerical solver of drift-diffusion equations in silicon devices and using an analytical model of the PD SOI MOSFETs. The calculations results exhibit the significance of proper modelling of the phenomena in the floating body area of these devices.

6

Admitancyjne zabezpieczenia ziemnozwarciowe dla sieci średnich napięć

75%

Lorenc J.

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2008

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tom Nr 3 (60)

10-15

PL

Dzięki zrealizowaniu wielu badań opracowano i wprowadzono do eksploatacji w sieciach średnich napięć kilkanaście tysięcy admitancyjnych zabezpieczeń ziemnozwarciowych typu Yo>, Go>, Gok, Bok oraz YYo. Ich skuteczność wykrywania zwarć doziemnych jest relatywnie duża i dobrze oceniana. W upowszechnianiu tych zabezpieczeń istotne znaczenie mają publikacje i opracowania dotyczące sposobu ich właściwego instalowania i użytkowania. W artykule przedstawiono fragmenty jednej z takich publikacji, która ukazała się na rynku w ostatnich miesiącach. Przedstawione fragmenty dotyczą przede wszystkim zasad doboru wartości nastawczych zabezpieczeń admitancyjnych.

EN

Due to many researches there were more than ten thousands admittance earth fault protections (Yo>, Go>, Gok, Bok and YYo) elaborated and introduced to the MV networks.Their efficiency of detecting earth faults is relatively high and considered as a good one. As far as making the protections common is concerned the publications and papers that concern ways of installing and using the protections are significant. In the article there are presented few excerpts from one publication that has been published in the last few months. The presented excerpts concern especially the base of choosing the set up value of admittance protections.

7

Study of influence of measuring system parameters to the value of active and reactive component of the substance electrical conductivity

63%

Gonsor O. , Tomasik M.

ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes

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2017

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tom Vol. 6, No 1

31--36

EN

Electrical conductivity is an important electrical parameter of the substance, by which you can identify its quality characteristics. Determining the admittance of the substance is crucial. Admittance of the substance as an active element depends on its chemical composition, temperature, voltage that is applied to the measuring circuit and the frequency of the measuring signal. In this regard, it is advisable to carry out a series of experimental tests to determine the effect of these parameters on the admittance of the substance. The object of research is water from different sources of centralized drinking water supply. For theoretical analysis of admittance, water is seen as a multi-element two-terminal, placed in the electric circuit of alternating current. To reduce the methodological error, active and reactive components of electrical conductivity were researched in different frequencies ranges (from 50 Hz to 100 kHz). Investigation of the temperature dependence showed that the active and reactive components of the electrical conductivity are temperature dependent, but the reactive component is less sensitive to change. The dependence of the admittance of the frequency at different levels of the test signal is investigated. The article presents the graphical specification of changing admittance at the change of frequency, at different levels of the test signal. Also, the dependencies of active and reactive components were studied of the electrical conductivity of drinking water from changing test signal U at different frequencies.

8

Earth fault protection supported with adaptive admittance criteria

63%

Lorenc J. , Łowczowski K. , Staszak B.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

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tom R. 94, nr 8

132--135

EN

In this paper possibilities for improvement of earth fault protection by adjustment of protective relay settings due to change of neutral point impedance in medium voltage networks are presented.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące możliwości poprawy skuteczności działania zabezpieczeń ziemnozwarciowych typu YY0 poprzez dostosowanie wartości nastawczych do zmian spowodowanych modyfikacją sposobu pracy punktu neutralnego w sieci średniego napięcia.