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EN
Seizure of lands occupied by Kazakh tribes conducted by the Romanov Empire triggered the need to create adequate structures of the Russian administration to rule the country effectively. The first half of the 19th century witnessed the process of the Russian bureaucratic elite searching for an appropriate management model for the areas inhabited by the Kazakhs. A number of options for the design of the management structure were considered, ranging from the models functioning on the lands inhabited by nomadic tribes to new systems in need of verification. Finally, the process of administrative integration of the Kazakh Steppe finished in the 1860s.
PL
Opanowanie ziem z plemionami kazachskimi przez imperium Romanowów spowodowało konieczność utworzenia odpowiednich struktur administracji rosyjskiej, pozwalających na skuteczne zarządzanie tymi terenami. W pierwszej połowie XIX w. w kręgach biurokratycznej elity rosyjskiej miało miejsce poszukiwanie odpowiedniego modelu zarządzania dla tego obszaru. Rozpatrywano zastosowanie szeregu wariantów aparatu zarządzania: od już funkcjonujących na ziemiach zamieszkanych przez plemiona koczownicze do nowych jeszcze niesprawdzonych systemów. Ostatecznie proces integracji administracyjnej Stepu Kazachskiego zakończył się w latach 60. XIX w.
EN
Improving the lives of citizens requires modern management architects to implement modern solutions in various areas of social life. Undoubtedly, local government administration, as the closest public authority to man, must be efficiently managed in order to effectively manage others. The influence of international cooperation on the development of states and organizations is as old an issue as international cooperation itself. However, the subject matter discussed in this article is current and important for the area of management sciences, because it treats this as a contemporary development of human resources management in local government administration within similar but different legal and organizational systems functioning in the European Union. Therefore, this article presents the main research problem, which will concern the elements of international cooperation, which are covered by local government administration bodies in the district of Żywiec, affect the management of human resources and their development and what changes are introduced in ZZL of local government administration. The subject matter required conducting research on the basis of the phenomenological trend in order to better understand the processes taking place with the participation of the human factor.
EN
Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. The aetiology is un-known, but appears to be mediated by the immune system. Emotional factors such as stress and anxiety are as-sociated with oral lichen planus (OLP). It affects a higher percentage of middle-aged females. Erosive/ulcerative lesions are accompanied by symptoms such as severe pain and burning sensation, which vary according to the de-gree of inflammation. The main treatment of symptomatic OLP includes the use of topical corticosteroid drugs. Al-ternative treatments include immunosuppressants, retinoids, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, aloe vera and green tea. The objective of this literature review was to describe the effective treatments for symptomatic OLP le-sions. It was concluded that topical therapy is the most widely used treatment for symptomatic lesions of OLP. Clo-betasol propionate mouthwash was the most used anti-inflammatory drug even though it has the same efficacy as other treatments. There is no stipulated duration of topical treatment for clobetasol propionate and should be used until the complete remission of the symptoms.
EN
The paper presents the concept of information security in the Polish public administration. The analysis focuses on the legal aspects of this problem. The author describes the present state of legislation and connections with the main standards of information security, especially ISO 27000 family. The summary of the article contains postulates of changes, like promoting participation, using soft law instruments and best practices in order to maintain information security management systems in public institutions at the appropriate level of quality.
6
Content available remote National defence training of public administration personnel in Poland
80%
EN
National defence training of public administration personnel can be broadly defined as a set of activities undertaken at all levels of public administration, aimed at preparing staff to perform offi cial duties concerned with state defence. This paper opens with the presentation of essential areas of national defence training. The subsequent section provides an overview of implementations of national defence training at various levels of public administration and at Higher Universities. The final part of this analysis describes the assumptions of a new didactic framework of courses in defence for public administration and national authorities at the Faculty of National Security of War Studies University in Warsaw.
PL
Prawo do sądu to prawo do rozpoznania sporu o zgodność z prawem działania lub bezczynności organu wykonującego administrację publiczną. Cel ten realizowany jest w drodze postępowania, które gwarantuje stronom prawo do czynnego w nim udziału przez zapewnienie prawa do obrony, możliwość przygotowania się do obrony i udział w czynnościach rozpoznania sporu . Prawem stron i uczestników postępowania jest zatem możliwość przygotowania się do obrony oraz możliwość poznania stanowiska strony przeciwnej. Z tej przyczyny w postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi doniosłe znaczenie mają doręczenia wszelkich pism i dokumentów, będących często dowodami pojawiającymi się w danej sprawie, dokonywane zarówno skarżącym, organom, jak i uczestnikom postępowania.
EN
The Act of 12 February 2010, which entered into force on 10 April 2010, on changing the Act Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts, amended the provisions of the Act of 30 August 2003 Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts, amongst other things, on regulations concerning deliveries performed in Poland, within court and administrative proceedings (Art. 65 of the Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts), and deliveries made abroad (Art. 299 and Art. 300 of the Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts). This publication points out that the regulations of the Act Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts, concerning deliveries performed in Poland basically do not raise any significant doubts, due to the unambiguous resolution of the possibility of delivering letters to post office boxes and at a post restante address. If letters are delivered abroad, despite providing details and explanations, in accordance with the postulates of representatives of legal thought and opinions of case-law experts, the wordings of Art. 299 and Art. 300 of the Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts, the interpretation of these regulations still brings about a range of complications. According to the author, the lack of correspondence between the postal regulations and the Act on Proceedings before Administrative Courts, constitutes the most significant problem. In order to eliminate the difficulties which appear in connection with this situation and to avoid the accusation of discrimination of entities residing or having their registered office outside Poland de lege ferenda, it is postulated that Art. 83 § 3 of the Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts should be changed as soon as possible. This amendment should consist in replacing the phrase „at a Polish postal facility” with the phrase „at a postal facility”. Such a wording of this regulation would ensure actual equality of entities appearing in court and administrative proceedings.
EN
The article touches upon several issues connected with the development of the bureaucratic system in the second half of the 18th century. Prior to the ascension of Stanisław August to the throne, there had been no administrative system based upon expert, professional clerical staff in the Polish Republic. Moreover, there had been no system of norms determining the legal status of civil servants, and the civil service corps had been extremely small in numbers. In the doctrine of those times, there was a radical push for the necessity of establishing modern state and local administration. Those postulates, put forward by scholars and political activists, met with favourable conditions. The process of modernisation of the administration was concluded with the reforms introduced by the Four-Year Sejm. Unfortunately, it had been impossible to create a fully modern bureaucratic system before the fall of the Polish Republic. It is possible, however, to trace back the process of its creation, manifesting itself in a significant increase in the number of civil servants (compared to the previous periods), establishing professional expertise as the basis for the administrative process, and the introduction of payment for services rendered by the civil servants.
10
Content available Judicial experts: liability in judicial examination
80%
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tom 11(11)
226-228
EN
Discussion about hard theme in years 1919-1939 The State Treasury Solicitors’ Office but giving many joys researcher. Acts allow to learn creation right law in II RP. I have described state of safe keeping of records gathered and stock in other archives concerning The State Treasury Solicitors. I have taken advantage available literature in my work, but it is not enough articles and publication on this theme work. However, personal observations are done during research been base of work. Researches had to show that possible find in this records in relation to province Lubelskie. It belongs to ascertain on base carried research, that group owns many interesting materials general concerning agricultural character province Lubelskie. First of all, they describe, archives describe relations among government officials and citizens. Otherwise, that allows to peer at questions from domain of rural economy in interwar period in the area Lubelskie. Article has to call attention as it says about office on purpose on meaning on acting administration The State Treasury Solicitors’ meeting of judicial authority among administration. I have described in concise form shortened manner for intent observing in forming describe operation role that right law The State Treasury Solicitors’ and relations administration -citizen. In article describes be that The State Treasury Solicitors Office (Prokuratoria Generalna Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej) and it serves examples can be for that archives useful.
EN
The article is preliminary and includes proposals to include the legal position of the Catholic Church from the perspective of Polish administrative law. Discourse were the status of the Catholic Church in Poland from the perspective of its possible qualification as a self-religious or social organization performing tasks in the field of public administration. It was assumed that after all this is a religious organization under public law. They were treated with the Catholic Church in Poland, as an entity of public administration that performs these tasks on the principle of decentralization, and not as a so-called. the administrative performing so. function commissioned. Public tasks Catholic Church does on its own behalf and on their own responsibility, not on behalf of and for the benefit of the state. Is, therefore, a corporation governed by public law with special status.
EN
National defence training of public administration personnel can be broadly defined as a set of activities undertaken at all levels of public administration, aimed at preparing staff to perform offi cial duties concerned with state defence. This paper opens with the presentation of essential areas of national defence training. The subsequent section provides an overview of implementations of national defence training at various levels of public administration and at Higher Universities. The final part of this analysis describes the assumptions of a new didactic framework of courses in defence for public administration and national authorities at the Faculty of National Security of War Studies University in Warsaw.
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tom 5
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nr 4
7-25
EN
The health care system in Poland is an important element of the activities of state authorities. Public opinion polls confirm the need for reforms in this area. The health sector comprises healthcare, public health and health-related social welfare activities and as a whole requires operational improvement. Well planned activities should improve health security in general. One of the ways to improve the effectiveness of healthcare entities is commercialization of independent public healthcare institutions. It is in line with the generally observed tendency to more and more frequently outsource tasks to external entities by public administration. In this way, the traditional tasks of public administration, so far performed mainly by the public finance sector, are entrusted to private entities. However, this does not change the scope of public authorities’ responsibility for the functioning of healthcare security.
16
80%
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tom 9(9)
61-73
EN
The paper compares defense preparations of selected countries: Germany, Finland, the United Kingdom and Sweden. While discussing the differences, the author also points out the underlying, common basis for various administrative and legal solutions applied by the states: the need for ensuring the security of the population and the continued operation of the multi-level government apparatus.
18
80%
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nr 2(54)
263-282
EN
The author indicates that the provision of the aforementioned law is inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. This provision includes the power of a executor who executes mortgage foreclosure, who is obliged to remove an indebted and his household members, where no premises for relocation were indicated to the indebted, or where he is unable to meet his own housing needs. The applicant questioned the constitutionality of legislative omissions, in the result of which there is a possibility of conducting executive proceedings in the administration regarding eviction from residential premises “on the street”.
EN
Article covers the three pillars of safety culture: the spiritual, socio-organizational, and material. It includes Fayol’s thought that merged the existing nineteenth-century education administration. The authors also point to the details of Fayol’s concept, understood as the second pillar of the material safety.
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2011
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nr 6
187–210
EN
The author starts this article with defining “administration”. In its formation the “police science” was very important. Also very important for the structure of the organization is moral motivation of each person, because it is directly related to the level of ethical culture of the personnel. The article explains the concepts such as value, ethics and morality, which are crucial to discuss the problem of ethics of the Police officer. An important element in the considerations of morality and professional ethics is to see at least two important facts related to professionals society. Firstly, while thinking about professional ethics of the Police officers, we are thinking about morality of a group. Secondly, in order to raise the level of ethical culture of the Police, we have to face the problem of dealing with adults who are already mentally shaped to the considerable degree. One can expect that the teaching an adult of ethics can be problematic. However, scientific data, which allow to view this problem positively, can be found. There should be constantly emphasized, that the efficiency of help must be based on a moral and ethical basis of those who gives it. This implies the need of the constant promotion and preservation of moral-ethical attitudes among police officers. Only than the likelihood of ensuring the security of citizens in an appropriate and socially expected manner is rising.
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