Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

On the Actualities and Possibilities of Constructionism: Towards Deep Empiricism

100%

Stenner P.

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nr 2

194-210

EN

Drawing from the example of critical psychology, this paper examines how dissatisfaction with an existing scientific paradigm can stimulate interest in philosophy and social theory. The emergence of a social constructionist understanding of scientific knowledge in prominent dialects of critical psychology is related to a combination of scientific and political concerns, and briefly set in the context of three important strands of twentieth century philosophy: existential hermeneutics, ordinary language philosophy and poststructuralism. These strands agree on at least two issues: the rejection of metaphysics and the ontological foregrounding of the notion of discourse or language-in-use. These philosophies have influenced the development of discursive methods and constructionist epistemologies in special sciences such as psychology and sociology. It is suggested, however, that both the commitment against metaphysics and the prioritising of discourse are problematic, and that a process metaphysics based on the three pillars of possibility, mediation and actuality (or pattern, matrix and activity) might be articulated in order to overcome the bifurcation of nature tacitly accepted by the commitment to a discursive ontology.

2

Current and/or relevant? Some reflections on autonomy of scientific opinion based on experience of Serbian ethnology/anthropology at the beginning of third millennium

86%

Pavićević A.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2011

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tom 98

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nr 3

227-238

EN

Autonomy of science and art is an ideal of every civilized society. The distance between a certain society and this ideal depends on a large number of parameters, among which cultural enlightenment and consciousness of the main protagonists in realization of these two areas seem to be most important. Unfortunately, Serbia cannot boast with a high level of independency of creative processes. Nowadays, in formal sense, they enjoy a higher level of autonomy in terms of the state ideology; however, at the same time, they are essentially and basically restricted by it. The very notion of autonomy here is related to financial and, more than this, to ideological independence of free and creative thought, that is to the question to which extent scientific creativity manage to transcend current cultural-historical-social context and to find universal regularities of human civilization in it. Intensity of social changes and postmodern market ideologies are reflected both at official scientific policy and at internal determination of context and concept of ethnological/anthropological researching which quite often become trapped in the shallow of topicality.

3

Arystotelesa charakterystyka zniszczalnych substancji

58%

Smolak M.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2011

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nr 13

28 - 52

EN

The present article attempts to explain what Aristotle’s sensible and destructible substance is from the viewpoint of their separability (to chōriston) and individuality (to tode ti). On the basis of the analysis several parts chosen from Metaphysics, Physics, On the Generation of Animals and On the Soul the author makes characterization of two parameters of the substance on the background of three equations: i. Subject = substance = combination of the matter and the form; ii. Subject = substance = form; iii. Subject = substance = matter. The author comes to the conclusion that the sensible and destructible substance can be recognized from the four perspectives: i. as the concrete and the individual thing that is the combination of the matter and the form; ii. as the hylemorfic essence of the thing with the moment which fulfills the function of co-called principium individuationis; iii. as the form which fulfills the function of the internal principle of the thing and is identical with the formal cause of that thing; iv. as the ultimate matter which is the thing or it’s essence in the state of the development.

4

The alleged activity of active intellect: A wild goose chase or a puzzle to be solved?

58%

Kamińska S.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

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nr 54

79-126

EN

Trying to describe the activity of Aristotle’s active intellect, we will sooner or later realize that we cannot find its right description, because Aristotle did not provide for one. He left us with many irreconcilable statements and questions with no answers. In the famous text Aristotle’s Two Intellects: a Modest Proposal Victor Caston claims that Aristotle did not describe the activity, because there simply is no such activity and we should therefore identify nous poietikos with God, because God too does nothing. Trying to find this lacking description is like going on a wild goose chase – Caston argues. In my text I will show that his solution, albeit tempting, is in fact a kind of “dissolution” and that a wild goose chase, although for many doomed to failure, can be fruitful. I will do so by presenting three groups or clusters of views on active intellect which – I believe – are philosophically significant. Caston’s proposal will be one of them, but not the privileged one. These three types of interpretations will hopefully provide us with an imagery that will help us somewhat come to terms with Aristotle’s succinctness.