Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Linia brzegu w postępowaniach administracyjnych - wnioski z orzecznictwa

100%

Kowalski K.

|

2011

|

tom Nr 12

496-499

PL

Linię brzegu ustala w prowadzonym postępowaniu administracyjnym określony prawem organ. Jak pokazuje praktyka, postępowania te różnią się od siebie szczegółowością i dbałością o reguły prawne. Z orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych wynika, że część decyzji ma wady, które można uznać za symptomatyczne. W artykule opisano podstawowe niedoskonałości procesów ustalania linii brzegu na podstawie orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych oraz doświadczeń autora zebranych podczas uczestniczenia w postępowaniach administracyjnych w sprawie ustalenia linii brzegu. Znajomość uwag sądów może pozwolić na udoskonalenie procesów administracyjnych i podniesienie jakości wydawanych decyzji.

EN

In administrative procedures, the shoreline is marked out by a law-appoint- ed organ. As practice shows, those procedures are different in terms of details level and respect of legal rules. The administrative courts jurisprudence indicates that some of the decisions have defects that may be considered as symptomatic. The article describes the basic deficiencies of the shoreline determining procedures based on administrative courts' decisions and expe-riences of the author acquired during his participation in administrative procedures aiming at marking out shorelines. The knowledge of courts' remarks may allow improving the administrative processes and increasing the quality of issued decisions.

2

Interpretacja wartościująca działania ze szczególnym uwzlędnieniem silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

100%

Girtler J.

|

2001

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tom Nr 52

9-29

PL

W artykule zaproponowano interpretację wartościującą działanie, które (podobnie jak przedstawione w mechanice klasycznej działania Harniltona i Maupertiusa oraz działanie wynikające ze zmiany pędu ciała) jest rozpatrywane jako wielkość fizyczna o jednostce miary zwanej dżulosekundą (dżul x sekunda). Tak rozumiane działanie przedstawiono w ujęciu prakseologicznym i technicznym. Opracowano oryginalną metodę analizy i oceny działania dowolnego urządzenia z uwzględnieniem jego niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na interpretację działania silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym. Do uzasadnienia przydatności tak interpretowanego działania zastosowano jednorodny proces Poissona. Proces ten umożliwił skonstruowanie modelu przebiegu pogarszania się działania silnika z upływem czasu. Modelem tym jest więc proces losowy jednorodnych i niezależnych przyrostów spadku energii użytecznej generowanej przez silnik, spadku spowodowanego jego zużyciem.

3

THE ACTS OF THE WILL ACCORDING TO ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

88%

Wiśniewski H.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2015

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tom 4

|

nr 2

149-163

EN

The article attempts to clarify an important aspect of St. Thomas Aquinas’s theory of human action, namely to show these acts of man which are immediately caused by the will. According to some contemporary philosophers, the acts of the will are limited to those of trying or of intending. Do they exhaust the whole possibility of the will to act? The author seeks to answer this question basing his considerations on the analysis of the Summa Theologiae by St. Thomas Aquinas.

4

Knowing as Acting: Examples from Confucianism and Buddhism

88%

Wang Q.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

|

nr 4

201-213

EN

We often separate knowing and acting into two distinct tasks to perform and think that one must first know and only then can one act. This also indicates that one can have knowledge without action or one can know what the proper action is yet fail to act. This essay will examine theories of learning/knowing suggested in the Confucian and Bud-dhist traditions and argue that there is a strong tendency in Confucianism and Buddhism that favors engaged knowing over detached knowing and rejects the separation between knowing and acting. The essay will also suggest that the idea of engaged knowing sug-gested in Buddhism and Confucianism will help us reevaluate the representationalist notion of knowledge.

5

Slabé jednání : Činit rozhodnutí a jednat po Levinasovi

88%

Bierhanzl J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 2, Special No: Za hranicemi tváře. Levinas a socialita

71-81

EN

Our article focuses on the late philosophy of Levinas, which can be characterized as an ethics of radical passivity, and on its limits (especially in the relationship between ethics/society). The aim is not, however, to overcome the dichotomy of passiv-ity/activity as other phenomenological authors attempt to do, but to deepen this differentiation to such an abysmal level that any sort of philosophy of action is eliminated from this late project of the ethics of passivity. Such a thorough separation of the ethics of responsibility from the entirety of the philosophy of action, one of the main aspects of Levinas’s late works, also has its limitations in Levinas’s thought itself. These limitations are associated with the entrance of the so-called “third party” into the sphere of the infinite responsibility for the Other. We attempt to interpret this contradiction of infinite ethics and finite Justice with the help of Foucault’s concepts of decisions, division, and exclusion.

6

Tragický smysl Levinasovy etiky

88%

Cools A.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 2, Special No: Za hranicemi tváře. Levinas a socialita

55-69

EN

This article examines the dimension of the tragic experience in Levinas’s ethics. This dimension seems at odds with this ethics’ claim to define justice in a new way – no longer as a relation of reciprocity between members of a community, but newly according to the individual and asymmetrical relation to the Other. On several occa-sions, Levinas expresses the intention to overcome the fatality of being and to break with the totalitarian effects of the State logic by revealing the ethical meaning beyond being. His philosophy has therefore been interpreted as an ethics of transcendence, based upon the reference to the idea of the Good, but which is unable to account for the tragic dimension of conflicting values and for the finitude of the subjectivity’s capabilities for doing good. In this article, however, I argue that Levinas does not ignore a dimension of the tragic in the ethical relation to the other. Reconsidering the notion of the “there is” (the il y a) within the relation to the other, I show in the first part of this paper how Levinas’s ethics of transcendence enables us to consider a new sense of the tragic experience, given with the responsibility for the other. In the second part, I examine how this sense of the tragic experience relates to Levinas’s understanding of justice. Confronting Levinas with Ricœur’s approach to tragic action in One-self as another, I point to a gap between Levinas’s ethical concept of justice and the political realisation of justice, the articulation of which also reveals several major problems in Levinas’s understanding of justice.

7

THE GOOD AS THE MOTIVE OF HUMAN ACTION ACCORDING TO MIECZYSŁAW ALBERT KRĄPIEC

88%

Kunat N.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2014

|

tom 3

155-166

EN

In this article the authoress has presented the understanding of the good as the motive for human action on the basis of the position of M. A. Krąpiec. At the beginning, the authoress has concentrated on an analysis of the fact of action, which includes three major factors: the end, the exemplar, and the efficient cause. The good-end here performs the most essential function. The good-end is the motive due to which action has come into existence rather than not. That “which throws” man “out of passivity” to action is described as the motive that appears as the good. In the next part of the article, the good is presented as a fundamental transcendental property of being. The connection of being with the good shows that the world that surrounds us is a world of goods, that is, of beings ordered to the will of a maker or of the Creator. The transcendental good thus understood constitutes the foundation for all action. In the final part of the article, an analysis is made of the functions that are shown by the good that constitutes the motive for action. The first of these functions is the cognitive apprehension of the good understood in the context of the end—the motive of action. At the end, the domains of goods are listed, in which the ontic good, which is a transcendental property of being, plays the most important role.

8

Modeling Contexts with Dependent Types

75%

Dapoigny R. , Barlatier P.

|

2010

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tom Vol. 104, nr 4

293-327

EN

In the area of knowledge representation, a challenging topic is the formalization of context knowledge on the basis of logical foundations and ontological semantics. However, most attempts to provide a formal model of contexts suffer from a number of difficulties, such as limited expressiveness of representation, restricted variable quantification, lack of (meta) reasoning about properties, etc. In addition, type theory originally developed for formal modeling of mathematics has also been successfully applied to the correct specification of programs and in the semantics of natural language. In this paper, we suggest a type theoretical approach to the problem of context and action modeling. Type theory is used both for representing the system’s knowledge of the discourse domain and for reasoning about it. For that purpose, we extend an existing dependent type theory having nice properties, with context-based rules and appropriate inductive types. We claim that the resulting theory exploiting the power of dependent types is able to provide a very expressive system together with a unified theory allowing higher-order reasoning.

9

Prakseologia – wariacje na temat...

75%

Gasparski W.

Prakseologia

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2010

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nr 150

25-34

EN

Contemporary praxiology is to a greater degree variation on a topic of..., as applied to different kinds of human endeavors. It refers to the spirit rather than to a word of the Master’s Praxiology. For some the Master is Tadeusz Kotarbiński, for others Ludwig von Mises, for all Alfred Victor Espinas as the precursor of technologie generale. The instrument the variations are played extensively is Internet. In the article the most characteristic ﬁndings are presented. It is suggested that praxiology is a kind of generative grammar of a “language” of action.

10

Wittgenstein o istote: praktické rozriešenie skeptických pochybností

75%

Szapuová M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2016

|

tom 64

|

nr 5

725-741

XX

The aim of this article is to investigate Wittgenstein’s views on doubt and certainty as they are expressed in his work On Certainty in the context of discussions about scepticism. I begin with a critical analysis of the interpretational framework according to which Wittgenstein’s notes amount to the kind of anti-sceptical strategy which demonstrates the meaninglessness of sceptical assertions as flowing from an abuse of language. I note the context of Wittgenstein’s notes and I evaluate the strong and weak sides of the linguistic interpretation. Then I adumbrate the possibility of an alternative interpretation of these notes. Firstly, I offer a characterisation of the “sceptical problem” and I defend the thesis that Wittgenstein’s notes can be read as a reaction to the sceptical problem understood as a challenge which calls for the justification of claims to knowledge as defined by the tripartite definition. In the second part of the article I distinguish several types of reaction to the sceptical problem, and I argue in favour of the view that Wittgenstein’s stance on the question can be best characterised as a reaction to the sceptical challenge which provides a “practical solution” to sceptical doubts. scepticism, anti-sceptical strategy, knowledge, Wittgenstein, certainty, action

11

The Society of Individuals: How to Solve the Dilemma of Individualism and Holism in Historical Sociology

75%

Šubrt J.

Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)

|

2015

|

tom 1

9-23

EN

One of the questions that Norbert Elias tries to resolve in his work – either explicitly or implicitly – is the issue of the relationship between the individual and society. Elias critically assesses two approaches to this issue that sociology offered in his time, namely the Weberian conception of individualism that postulates the human individual as the starting point of sociological thought, and the Durkheimian conception of holism, which considered society as a whole as the starting point, giving regard to holistic, supra-individual social facts. Elias considers both of these solutions one-sided and unsatisfactory, and in his conception tries to supercede them. His strategy is close to that of Georg Simmel before him. It consists in highlighting the “third” that lies between the individual and society, which connects them. Simmel calls this “third” “Wechselwirkung”. Elias speaks about “figuration”. In this article, we consider how successful Elias’ strategy is, its merits and its shortcomings. At the end of the text, the author attempts to formulate his own solution of the discussed problem, which is different from Elias’s approach and based on the concept of “homo duplex”.

12

Propozycja budowy metody oceny niepożądanych działań ludzi usytuowanych w systemie antropotechnicznym i jego otoczeniu

75%

Bojar P. , Woropay M. , Muślewski Ł.

|

2010

|

tom nr 4

CD-CD

PL

Systemy antropotechniczny to para Człowiek – Obiekt Techniczny realizująca swoje zadania w Otoczeniu . W systemach tego typu zagrożenia mogą być stwarzane przez: człowieka C, obiekt techniczny OT oraz przez oddziaływanie otoczenia O na obiekt techniczny i ludzi znajdujących się w systemie oraz w jego otoczeniu. Poziom niepożądanego oddziaływania czynnika ludzkiego na bezpieczeństwo działania systemu antropotechnicznego, uzależniony jest od umiejscowienia człowieka w analizowanym systemie. W pracy podjęto próbę budowy metody oceny niepożądanych oddziaływań ludzi usytuowanych w systemie antropotechnicznym i jego otoczeniu. W tym celu zbudowano algorytm oceny niewłaściwych działań ludzi.

EN

Anthropotechnical it’s a of pair a Human – Technical Object and Environment . In these systems hazards can be caused by: the man C, the technical object OT, and influence of the environment on the technical object and people who are present in the system and its environment. The authors of the paper make an attempt to evaluate the level of threats resulting from intended or not intended actions of people situated in this environment.

13

Ordinary differential equations and their exponentials

75%

Kock A. , Reyes G.

Open Mathematics

|

2006

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tom 4

|

nr 1

64-81

EN

In the context of Synthetic Differential Geometry, we discuss vector fields/ordinary differential equations as actions; in particular, we exploit function space formation (exponential spaces) in the category of actions.

14

LOVE AS THE PRINCIPLE OF THE DYNAMISM OF BEINGS (AN ANALYSIS OF THE ARGUMENTS OF ST. THOMAS AQUINAS)

63%

Gudaniec A.

Studia Gilsoniana

|

2014

|

tom 3

301-319

EN

In ancient times, people pondered “cosmic love” (eros, philotes, thymos), i.e., the universal power that underlies the phenomena of the universe. The force of love extends to all things, including man and his action. Philosophers remarked rather early that love is, as it were, the foundation for the phenomena and actions that are experienced. As love is both of the character of a source and is strongly present in its manifestations, it turns out to be something that, on the one hand, is best known, but on the other hand, not easy to understand. In parallel, people also considered the strictly personal form of love—philia, whereby people are joined with each other in a special relation, which is friendship (Aristotle started this conception). The analogical scholastic conception of love was an interesting combination of those two tendencies; love is the foundation of action and in the metaphysical order it becomes the principle that explains the domain of being that we call dynamism. This article discusses Thomas Aquinas’ doctrine of love; first, it analyzes love’s relationship with action, end, and knowledge, then, secondly, investigates the place of love in the order of the causes of action.

15

Przedmiot badań historyka. Na marginesie „O czynnościach i wytworach” Kazimierza Twardowskiego

63%

Rzewuski P.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

|

2016

|

tom 52

|

nr 4(210)

561-570

PL

W artykule została użyta metoda naukowej analizy, zaprezentowana przez Kaźmierza Twardowskiego w pracy „O czynnościach i wytworach”. Użyto jej do przebadania procesu interpretacji archiwaliów (na przykładzi e znajdujących się w IPN teczek dochodzeniowych). W artykule autor pokazuje, jak ta metoda może okazać się pomocna dla historyków w przypadkach, w których interpretacja jest skomplikowana.

EN

In the paper was used Kazimierz Twardowski’s method of scientifi c analysis form the paper Actions and Products to analyze process of interpreting archival folders (for example IPN process of inspection). In the paper author show how this method can be useful for historians in complicated cases of interpretation.

16

Czy psychologia potrzebuje koncepcji ludzkiej natury?

63%

Flis M.

|

EN

The primary thesis of this article is in accord with the postulate that notions about mankind are rooted in the concept of human nature. From the perspective of the history of ideas, it is clearly evident that the essence of the human being is intertwined with history while the influence of this intrinsic understanding of man has been and continues to exceed that of history. The strongest evidence of this is found in the philosophy of the human individual constantly present in the psychological discourse despite the intervening, temporary dominance of the empirical paradigm. The belief that everything can be measured and counted stems from mythical thought. This text undertakes an attempt to categorize the conceptual apparatus of contemporary cognitive science. Concurrently, it indicates the definitions and relationships which encompass such concepts as the mind, consciousness, and thinking.

17

Linguistic pictures of the world or language in the world? Metaphors and methods in ethnolinguistic research

63%

Zinken J.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

|

2008

|

tom 20

51-62

PL

Badania etnolingwistyczne zdobyły w ciągu ostatnich dwu dekad znaczną popularność. Najważniejszą formułą metaforyczną określającą główny przedmiot tych badań jest „językowy obraz świata”. W związku z tym, iż powstają obecnie projekty studiów komparatystycznych na dużą skalę, warto być może rozważyć, czego takie ujęcie etnolingwistyki nie uwzględnia. Wizualna metafora obrazów implikuje, że mówiący są w stanie wyjść poza świat i patrzeć nań (oraz nazywać go) z zewnątrz. Artykuł omawia dwie konsekwencje tej metafory, które mogą przysporzyć problemów. Po pierwsze, wyizolowanie języka ze świata ludzkich działań, którego język wszak jest częścią, prowadzi do przyjęcia kognitywistycznego modelu znaczenia jako oddzielnego strumienia komunikacji. Taki model nie pasuje do codziennego doświadczenia przezroczystości języka. Po drugie, wyizolowanie języka z życia sprzyja stosowaniu metod „bezczasowych” oraz studiom nad słowami wyabstrahowanymi z sytuacji, w której zostały one użyte (jeśli nie wyjętymi z kontekstu). Przyjmując takie metafory i metody, możemy stracić z oczu znaczną część tego, co jest istotne dla języka potocznego przedmiotu badań etnonauki.

EN

Linguistic worldviews or language in the world? Metaphors and methods in ethnolinguistic research Ethnolinguistic research has gained substantial popularity over the last two decades. A leading metaphor for the focus of these research efforts is that of the “linguistic worldviews”. As large-scale comparative projects on linguistic worldviews are taking shape, it might be worth reflecting on what this conceptualisation of ethnolinguistics excludes. The visual metaphor of pictures implies that speakers can step out of the world and view (and also name) it from the outside. Two problematic consequences of this metaphor are discussed. Firstly, the detachment of language from the world of activities of which it is a part leads to the adoption of a cognitivist model of linguistic meaning as a separate stream of communication. Such a model is inconsistent with the experienced transparency of language in everyday life. Secondly, the detachment of language from life supports the use of “timeless” methods, the study of words outside of their situation (if not “context”) of use. Adopting these metaphors and methods, we might miss large parts of the significance of language for everyday life the object of ethnoscience.

18

Action Research in Translation Studies Self‑reflection in translation research training

51%

Piotrowska M.

Między Oryginałem a Przekładem

|

2013

|

tom 19-20

153-167

EN

Demonstrating a diversity within TS research, the study enquires into ARTS as a new methodology. The aim of the paper is to define ARTS, localize it among major TS research models, present its components and characteristics and argument for its usefulness and relevance in translator training. Basic assumptions of this methodology are illustrated on the chosen example of an M.A. project, namely translation action with critical reflection, implementing the practitioner‑researcher’s knowledge and experience, and strategic translating in a cyclic process. Implementing ARTS in translator education is a methodological response to a greater professionalization of the discipline and Kiraly’s modern educational model with student being an active participant‑‑ translator in the process of training.

PL

Ukazując zróżnicowanie w badaniach przekładoznawczych, na ich tle artykuł ukazuje stosunkowo nową metodologię ARTS. Celem jest jej zdefiniowanie i zlokalizowanie w kontekście modeli przekładoznawczych, ukazanie jej komponentów i cech charakterystycznych oraz argumentacja na rzecz jej przydatności w kształceniu tłumacza. Na wybranym przykładzie zastosowania ARTS w projekcie magisterskim przedstawiona jest realizacja podstawowych założeń tej metodologii: działanie tłumaczeniowe z krytyczną refleksją, wykorzystanie wiedzy i doświadczenia badacza‑‑ tłumacza oraz tłumaczenie strategiczne w procesie cyklicznym. Wykorzystanie ARTS w procesie kształcenia tłumacza jest metodyczną odpowiedzią na wymóg profesjonalizacji przekładoznawstwa i realizacją nowoczesnego modelu edukacyjnego Kiraly’ego, w którym uczenie odbywa się przez działanie, a student jest aktywnym uczestnikiem‑‑ tłumaczem procesu dydaktycznego.

19

Gdzie jest cel w zdaniach z celowo i kilka innych pytań o wyrażenia pokrewne

51%

Duraj-Nowosielska I.

Linguistica Copernicana

|

2015

|

nr 12

23-52

EN

In the article I discuss selected aspects concerning the semantics of expressions related to the notion of purpose in Polish: celowo [purposefully], celowy [purposeful], niecelowy, bezcelowy [purposeless], niecelowo, bezcelowo, bez celu [purposelessly] (in rough approximation of meaning). My starting point is the question mentioned in the title, i.e. where to “locate” the purpose one has in mind in sentences with celowo [purposefully]: whether it is external to what is indicated by the sentence predicate (ktoś powiedział coś celowo ‘somebody said something purposefully’ → somebody said something [p] in order to achieve something else [q], something other than the mere fact of saying p), or whether we mean the internal purpose, related strictly to the predicate (somebody destroyed something on purpose → somebody wanted to destroy it, destroying it was his purpose here). The ambiguity of sentences with the adverb celowo, as well as the adjective celowy, can be resolved by identifying the type of the verb in the position of sentence predicate. However, this is not a completely reliable test, and one can always come across sentences ambiguous in that matter (cf. celowe działanie → ‘action on purpose’, action having purpose in itself, or ‘purposeful action’, action directed towards some purpose). All the expressions mentioned above are being further analyzed in terms of “purpose localization”. This kind of distinction is followed by another one, connected with sentence perspective – either objective or subjective. What matters here is whether the speaker has in mind the agent’s purpose (external or internal → subjective perspective), or whether the speaker ignores the subject’s goals and estimates his action from the point of view of some objective aims fixed by the speaker himself, as in sentences: Rząd podejmuje bezcelowe działania [The government undertakes purposeless actions] or Przywrócenie pracownika do pracy byłoby niecelowe [Bringing the employee back to work would be purposeless]. Finally, we have three different “purpose locations” in sentences with the expressions in question, thus, three different “types of purpose”: subjective internal purpose, subjective external purpose and the objective one (the latter being always external to what is indicated by the sentence). Some of the analyzed expressions point to the type of purpose unambiguously (bezcelowo, bezcelowy, bez celu), others are ambiguous, expressing one of the two (celowo, niecelowo) or even three senses (celowy).

20

Kontrowersje wobec stanu flow w edukacji

51%

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

|

2018

|

tom 9

|

nr 1

277-285

PL

W okresie, kiedy dziecko przekracza próg przedszkola i szkoły, dominujące znaczenie zaczyna mieć formalna edukacja. Uczenie się zostaje ograniczone ramami programowymi i jest usankcjono-wane obowiązkiem. W tych warunkach nie dostarcza jednak satysfakcji i związane jest z wysiłkiem poznawczym. W formalnej edukacji strategicznego znaczenia nabierają zatem techniki motywowania ucznia do podejmowania trudu uczenia się. W artykule mówiono zagadnienie motywowania i jego roli w procesie kształcenia. Główną uwagę skupiono na skondensowanej wewnętrznej motywacji prowadzącej do osiągania stanu flow. W prezentowanym refleksyjno-analitycznym artykule podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia problemu: jakie są możliwości i warunki osiągania przez ucznia stanu flow w procesie edukacyjnym oraz czy to autoteliczne doświadczenie ma wartość dydaktyczną?

EN

At the time when the child is at the threshold of pre-school and school, the formal education begins to dominate. Learning becomes limited with curricular frames and sanctioned as an obliga-tion. In these conditions, however, it does not provide satisfaction and involves cognitive effort. In formal education strategic importance is assigned to techniques that motivate the pupils to under-take the effort of learning. Thus, this paper discusses the issue of motivation and its role in the process of teaching. The main attention is focused on condensed inner motivation that lead to achieve the flow state. This reflexive and analytical article attempts to answer the questions: ‘What are the possibilities and conditions to achieve flow state by a pupil in the process of education?’ and ‘Does this autotelic experience have a didactic value?’