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Ordovician–Silurian boundary in the Bardo Syncline, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland—new data on fossil assemblages and sedimentary succession

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Masiak M. , Podhalańska T. , Stempień-Sałek M.

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tom Vol. 47, No 4

311-–330

EN

A gradual transition from sandy through silty to clayey strata occurs near the Ordovician–Silurian (O/S) boundary in the southern part of Holy Cross Mountains, in the Bardo Syncline. Three graptolite biozones are distinguished for the O/S boundary interval deposits: ?persculptus, ascensus-acuminatus and vesiculosus. The first, rare graptolites appear below “graptolitic shales” in the ?persculptus Biozone. The diversity of the assemblage increases in the next two biozones. An analysis of acritarch frequency shows a decrease of acritarch frequency at the O/S boundary and then a gradual increase in the lower part of the ascensus-acuminatus biozone with a maximum in the vesiculosus Biozone. The taxonomic diversity of the acritarch assemblage shows a similar trend although the maximum of acritarch frequency observed in the vesiculosus Biozone do not coincide the maximum of acritarch taxonomic diversity.

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The Ordovician acritarchs of the Pomeranian Caledonides and their foreland - similarities and differences

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Szczepanik Z.

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tom Vol. 44, Nr 3

275-295

EN

Ordovician acritarch assemblages of the West Pomeranian Caledonides and their platformal foreland in the Peribaltic Syneclise immediately adjoining the T-T Zone were investigated. Material come from the Ordovician section of the Kościerzyna IG 1, Lębork IG 1 and Gdańsk IG 1 boreholes drilled in the marginal part of the East European Craton, though acritarchs were found only in two samples from the Gdańsk IG 1 borehole. In general, microflora was abundant and the investigations supported current ideas on the stratigraphical level of these rocks. The acritarch assemblages from the Gdańsk IG 1 borehole, found at a depth of 3214.8 m, contain species of Baltisphaeridium, characteristic of the Llanvirn and described by Górka from the eastern part of the Peribaltic Syneclise and the Podlasie Depression. The abundant microflora from West Pomerania contains index taxa of the uppermost Llanvirn (Llandeilo) and Caradoc. Numerous palynomorph associations from the Ordovician rocks of the Koszalin-Chojnice Zone can be divided into three local microfloral zones, using quantitative data, and these may be useful for local stratigraphical correlations. Acritarch assemblages on either side of the T-T Zone show many similarities and suggest that, in the late Llanvirn and Caradoc, there was little palaeogeographic separation between the sedimentary basins of Baltica and West Pomerania; at least, their palaeolatitudinal positions were similar. The thermal maturity of Ordovician organic matter (low and moderate) is also similar in both these areas. The highest heat flow values seem to be characteristic of the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise, adjoining the T-T Zone. The degree of their thermal alterations in the West Pomeranian Caledonides is surprisingly low when the strong tectonic deformation and considerable depth of the Ordovician rocks are taken into account. The high morphological diversity of the acritarch assemblages, the presence of Baltisphaeridium and Ordovicidium, and especially of abundant Veryhachium, suggest that microflora from the Koszalin-Chojnice Zone represents an open-marine depositional palaeoenvironment, distant from the coast.

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The Cambrian of the western part of the Pomeranian Caledonides foreland, Peribaltic Syneclise : microfloral evidence

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Szczepanik Z.

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tom Vol. 44, Nr 3

261-273

EN

This paper describes the microfloral succession in Cambrian deposits in the Kościerzyna IG 1 and Gdańsk IG 1 boreholes drilled in the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise, immediately adjoining the T-T Zone in the Pomeranian Caledonides foreland. Both these boreholes have yielded abundant acritarch assemblages that allow the partial zonation of the Lower and Middle Cambrian deposits. The Cambrian deposits of the Kościerzyna IG 1 borehole comprise the following microfloral zones: Asteridium tornatum-Comasphaeridium velvetum, Skiagia ornata-Fimbriaglomerella membranacea and Heliosphaeridium dissimilare-Skiagia ciliosa. The Volkovia dentifera-Liepaina plana Zone may also be present. The Acadoparadoxides pinus Zone (upper part of the A. oelandicus Superzone), well documented by trilobites, might correlate with the Cristallinium cambriense-Eliasum Superzone. This conflicts with the findings of Jankauskas and Lendzion (1992), who restricted the range of the commonly occurring C. cambriense (Slavikova) only to the Paradoxides paradoxissimus Superzone and younger deposits. The Lower Cambrian Skiagia-Fimbriaglomerella and (or) Heliosphaeridium-Skiagia Zones have been documented in the Gdańsk IG 1 borehole. As in the Kościerzyna IG 1 borehole, abundant Middle Cambrian acritarchs of the C. cambriense-Eliasum Superzone define the presence of rocks not older than equivalents of the A. pinus Zone. Palynomorphs from the Kościerzyna IG 1 borehole correspond to stage 6 of the AMOCO thermal alteration scale, i.e. to palaeotemperatures considerably exceeding 100°C. The maximum palaeotemperature of the Cambrian rocks at Gdańsk has not exceeded 100°C.

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Cambrian organic microfossils at the border area of the East- and West-European platforms (SE Poland and western Ukraine)

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Jachowicz-Zdanowska M.

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tom Vol. 81, No 3

241-267

EN

This paper contains palynological and stratigraphical characteristics of the selected Cambrian sections encountered in the basement of the north-eastern part of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Outer Carpathian margin in south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine, as well as verification of the stratigraphical position of rocks recognised so far in several sections in western Ukraine. The acritarch assemblages of the Cambrian System Series 2 are dominated by species of the characteristic early Cambrian genus Skiagia. The Cambrian Series 3 beds are documented by the assemblages with numerous specimens of the Adara alea, Cristallinium cambriense, Heliosphaeridium notatum, Eliasum llaniscum, Multiplicisphaeridium martae, and Comasphaeridium longispinosum. Furongian sediments are evidenced by strongly taxonomically diversified assemblages with large quantities of acritarchs, containing genera Timofeevia, Vulcanisphaera, Ninadiacrodium, Pirea, Leiofusa, Lusatia, or Polygonium, as well as taxa characterized by diacrodial symmetry. These assemblages are dominated by such genera, as: Dasydiacrodium or Acanthodiacrodium, and also by specimens with large polar opening of the central body, belonging to acritarchs of the “galeate” group. Within the studied Cambrian sediments, nine acritarch assemblages of differing composition were distinguished. These assemblages were correlated with faunistic zones. Ages younger than Palaeozoic, identified in some of the analysed Ukrainian sections, were determined basing on very well preserved assemblages of spores and pollen.

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Ordowickie akritarchy bloku górnośląskiego

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Jachowicz M.

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tom Vol. 53, nr 9

756-762

EN

Lower Palaeozoic sediments of the Upper Silesia Block have not been equally well investigated. Lower Cambrian sediments found in the southern and eastern marginal parts are so far best recognized. Sediments younger than Lower Cambrian (Middle Cambrian and Ordovician) are documented only in some boreholes. This paper presents new data about the distribution of Ordovician acritarch assemblages in this area. Ordovician microfossils were documented in three boreholes: 45–WB, 43–WB and 24–WB. In case of the latter, they represent the first stratigraphic record. The oldest assemblages of Llanvirn age were recorded in the borehole 43–WB. The Llanvirn and Caradoc sediments may also occur in the borehole 24–WB. Acritarchs known mainly from Middle Ordovician–Caradoc occur in the profile 45–WB. The microfossil assemblages recorded in Ordovician sediments of the Upper Silesia Block show mixed character, with genera and species typical for both Baltic and Mediterranean provinces.

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Litologia i zespół akritarchowy formacji z Zalesia w Górach Świętokrzyskich na tle zmian poziomu morza i paleogeografii późnego ordowiku

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Trela W. , Szczepanik Z.

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tom Vol. 57, nr 2

147-157

EN

The uppermost Ordovician in the Holy Cross Mountains is represented by sandy mudstones, sandstones and marls of the Zalesie Formation deposited during the Hirnantian regression. Two arcitarch assemblages were recognized in the studied Upper Ordovician succession of the southern Holy Cross Mountains. The first one is dominated by species of Baltisphaeridium, Polygonium, Exculibranchium, Orthosphaeridium, Ordovicidium, Peteinosphaeridium, Multiplicisphaeridium, which occur in the upper Caradoc deposits. Upward in the section, these taxa are replaced mainly by diversified species of Veryhachium occurring together with Domasia, Deunfia, Leiofusa, Polygonium, Cheleutochroa, Multiplicisphaeridium and Polygonium. In the Zalesie Formation (upper Ashgill) they are accompanied by the redeposited Furongian/Lower Ordovician specimens and the Middle Ordovician species of the peri-Gondwanian affinity (e.g. Frankea), which were likely transported from Avalonia during collision of this terrane with Baltica.

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Nowe dane o litologii i biostratygrafii akritarchowej skał kambryjskich na Łysicy, najwyższym szczycie Gór Świętokrzyskich

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Szczepanik Z. , Malec J.

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tom Vol. 65, nr 9

564--575

EN

The southern slope of Łysica Mountain, which is the highest elevation of the Holy Cross Mountains, is comprised of three lithological complexes divided by parallel fault zones. The uppermost part of the succession consists of quartzitic sandstone of the Wiśniówka Formation. The formation is underlain by a complex of sandstone with mudstone interbeds, with black claystone underneath, which is exposed in the upper part of the Glęboczka ravine succession. The strata of the first and the third complexes dip northward, whereas those of the second complex dip southward. In the fault-bound zone between the second and the third complexes, there are concentrations of weathering iron ore. The black claystone, which is lithologically similar to this of the Pepper Mountains Formation, contains a taxonomically rich assemblage of organic-walled microfossils (acritarchs) diagnostic of the Upper Cambrian (Lower Furongian) successions. The new record of microfossils allows determining the age of the succession composing the Łysogóry Mountains for the first time in the history of regional geological investigation.

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Cambrian phytoplankton of the Brunovistulicum : taxonomy and biostratigraphy

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Jachowicz-Zdanowska M.

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2013

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tom Vol. 28

1--150

EN

The paper presents the results of detailed palynological studies carried out on the Cambrian deposits of the Brunovistulicum, a characteristic regional unit distinguished in sub-Devonian geology in southern Poland and NE Czech Republic. The material studied consists of drillcore samples collected from 22 boreholes that have penetrated Cambrian in southern and north-eastern parts of the Upper Silesian Block (USB) and 3 boreholes located in the Moravia region (Czech Republic). Within those boreholes, complexes of lithologically differentiated clastic rocks have been encountered below Jurassic, and Lower or Middle Devonian deposits. The age of these sediments, apart from the Goczałkowice IG 1 profile, was determined only on the basis of palynological studies. Majority of the investigated rock samples yielded very rich usually well preserved microfloristic material that allowed to make taxonomic revisions of analysed acritarch associations. Five new genera, nineteen new species and eleven species new combinations are proposed. The new and revised taxa include mainly those that appear in the Cambrian Series 2 and forms characteristic for the Cambrian Series 3. These are the following important new genera as: Ichnosphaera, Lechistania, Eklundia, Parmasphaeridium and Turrisphaeridium. The taxonomic revision and systematic analysis of acritarch associations described from the Cambrian of Brunovistulicum allowed to establish the succession of microfloral assemblages. As a result of the present studies nine distinct regional assemblage acritarch zones have been recognised – BAMA I to BAMA IX, correlated with the Cambrian series: Terreneuvian, Series 2, and Series 3. The BAMA I – Pulvinosphaeridium antiquum–Pseudotasmanites and the BAMA II Asteridium tornatum–Comasphaeridium velvetum zones are distinguished in the oldest Cambrian deposits of the Brunovistulicum and are correlated with the Platysolenites Zone. Acritarch assemblages characteristic for the older one were documented in the Borzeta Formation in the eastern margin of the Upper Silesian Block. The acritarch association of the BAMA II constrains the biostratigraphic position of the Mogilany Member of Goczałkowice Formation in the USB area. The BAMA III–VI acritarch assemblage zones: Ichnosphaera flexuosa–Comasphaeridium molliculum, Skiagia–Eklundia campanula, Skiagia–Eklundia varia and Volkovia dentifera–Liepaina plana are recognised in the Goczałkowice Formation of both the Upper Silesian and Brno blocks and comprise deposits of Schmidtiellus, Holmia and Protolenus trilobite zones in the studied area. The BAMA VII to BAMA IX zones are correlated with Series 3 of the Cambrian System and were established in the Sosnowiec Formation known only from the Sosnowiec IG 1 borehole in the Upper Silesian Block area. The BAMA VII Ammonidium bellulum–Ammonidium notatum Zone is here correlated with trilobite Acadoparadoxides oelandicus Zone, while BAMA VIII Turrisphaeridium semireticulatum and BAMA IX Adara alea–Multiplicisphaeridium llynense zones are regarded as equivalents of the Paradoxides paradoxissimus Zone. The present study indicates that the oldest Cambrian (Terreneuvian) sediments containing BAMAI Zone assemblages were deposited only in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Block. Younger sediments, from the Terreneuvian and Series 2 with BAMA II–VI Zones assemblages were developing over much larger areas of the Upper Silesian and Brno blocks. Sediments of the Series 3 with BAMA VII–IX assemblages are known only from the northern part of the USB. The Furongian sediments, not yet found in the study area, potentially may occur in the northern part of the Block, where the Ordovician strata were found. Nevertheless, a reliable reconstruction of the Early Palaeozoic deposition within the Brunovistulicum still remains an open question, which can be solved only by new borehole data.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki szczegółowych badań palinologicznych wykonanych dla utworów kambryjskich rozpoznanych na obszarze Brunovistulicum, regionalnej jednostki tektonicznej położonej na południu Polski i w północno-wschodnich Czechach. Materiał do badań stanowiły próbki skał z 22 otworów wiertniczych zlokalizowanych w obszarze bloku górnośląskiego oraz z 3 wierceń wykonanych na Morawach (blok Brna). W wierceniach tych pod utworami jury, dewonu dolnego lub środkowego nawiercono zróżnicowane litologicznie kompleksy skał klastycznych, które poza jednym profilem - Goczałkowce IG 1 - pozbawione są przewodnich mikroskamieniałości, a ich kambryjski wiek został ustalony na podstawie badań palinologicznych. Uzyskany w trakcie badań bogaty i w większości dobrze zachowany materiał mikroflorystyczny umożliwił przeprowadzenie rewizji wielu taksonów akritarch, w tym wykreowania 5 nowych rodzajów oraz wyróżnienia 19 nowych gatunków i 11 nowych kombinacji gatunkowych. Nowe i rewidowane taksony to głównie gatunki występujące w utworach oddziału 2 i formy charakterystyczne dla oddziału 3 systemu kambryjskiego. Do najważniejszych należą następujące nowe przewodnie rodzaje: Ichnosphaera, Lechistania, Eklundia, Parmasphaeridium i Turrisphaeridium. Przeprowadzone analizy taksonomiczne zespołów akritarch udokumentowanych w utworach kambru Brunovistulicum pozwoliły na wyznaczenie w tym obszarze 9 regionalnych poziomów mikroflorystycznych - BAMA I do BAMA IX, które datują trzy kolejne oddziały kambru: terenew, oddział 2i3. Poziomy BAMA I Pulvinosphaeridium antiquum-Pseudotasmanites i BAMA II Asteridium tornatum-Comasphaeridium velvetum rozpoznano w najstarszych utworach kambru Brunovistulicum, gdzie zostały skorelowane z poziomem Platysolenites. Zespoły akritarch charakterystyczne dla poziomu BAMA I stwierdzono w utworach formacji z Borzęty udokumentowanych we wschodniej brzeżnej części bloku górnośląskiego. Kolejna asocjacja BAMA II datuje wiek kompleksu skalnego wyróżnionego w obszarze bloku górnośląskiego jako ogniwo piaskowców skolitusowych z Mogilan formacji z Goczałkowic. Zespoły akritarch charakterystyczne dla poziomów BAMA III-VI: Ichnosphaeraflexuosa-Comasphaeridium molliculum, Skiagia-Eklundia campanula, Skiagia-Eklundia varia i Volkovia dentifera-Liepaina plana, które korelowane są z poziomami Schmidtiellus, Holmia i Protolenus udokumentowano w osadach formacji z Goczałkowic, rozpoznanych w obszarach bloku górnośląskiego i bloku Brna. Utwory odddziału 3 kambru w analizowanym obszarze dokumentują trzy poziomy akritarchowe BAMA VII-IX, stwierdzone w osadach formacji z Sosnowca, udostępnionych otworem wiertniczym Sosnowiec IG 1 na bloku górnośląskim. Poziom BAMA VII Ammonidium bellulum-Ammonidium notatum należy wiązać z poziomem Acadoparadoxides oelandicus, natomiast dwa pozostałe poziomy BAMA VIII Turrisphaeridium semireticulatum i BAMA IX Adara alea-Multiplicisphaeridium llynense z poziomem Paradoxidesparadoxissimus. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że najstarsze osady kambryjskie - terenewu - zawierające zespoły BAMA I tworzyły się tylko w części wschodniej bloku górnośląskiego. Osady młodsze, terenewu i oddziału 2 z zespołami BAMA II-VI rozwijały się na znacznie większym obszarze bloku górnośląskiego i bloku Brna. Osady oddziału 3 z zespołami BAMA VII-IX tworzyły się w północnej części bloku górnośląskiego. Obecność osadów furongu w analizowanym obszarze jest wielce prawdopodobna, mogą one występować w północnej części bloku, tym bardziej, że zostały tam już udokumentowane utwory ordowiku. Wiarygodne i prawidłowe odtworzenie rozwoju sedymentacji osadów dolnopaleozoicznych na obszarze Brunovistulicum pozostaje zagadnieniem otwartym, które można rozwiązać jedynie za pomocą nowych otworów wiertniczych pozwalających na poznanie pełniejszych profili tych utworów.