Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Happeningi w służbie kontrkultury. Czy pomarańczowe Krasnale zdobyły Twierdzę?

100%

Niziołek M.

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nr 2(6)

95-122

EN

The article presents the history of the actions of the Orange Alternative, the countercultural movement formed in Wroclaw in the 80’s of the twentieth century. Based on the students’ New Culture Movement, as an alternative to the opposition of Solidarity, the movement used irony and absurdity to tame the reality of contemporary Poland. Happenings organized for several years commented absurd life in the communist Poland, often constituted an alternative form of handling public holidays. With the development of the movement, students started organizing happenings in other cities, such as Warsaw and Lodz. The history of the Orange Alternative, led by Waldemar Major Fydrych, also has its continuation in the democratic Poland and the world. In 2004, the movement supported the Orange Revolution and the events in Kiev Maidan, the Dwarves also appeared on Times Square in New York. How-ever, the legacy of Dwarves is not sufficiently emphasized on the pages of Polish art history, and a symbolic Dwarf became the object of marketing of the city of Wroclaw. The article also includ-ed examples of countercultural movements in Europe, such as the Situationists and Provo which could be a prototype for the Orange activists.

2

Albert Camus’ eksistentsialismi jooni Priit Pärna filmides

99%

Nurk P. K.

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tom 85

95-120

EN

Comparison of two works benefits the understanding of both of them. The comparison finds the overlap between the works along with the standpoints that distinguish them. The interpretation of these works is broadened and also more distinctly delimited. The article examines the films of Estonia’s most accomplished animation director Priit Pärn for signs of existentialist thought, based on Albert Camus’s The Myth of Sisyphus. Close textual analysis was used to answer the research question: which existentialist traits appear in Priit Pärn’s films, and how they resemble and differ from Albert Camus’s view of existentialism. The research found numerous parallels between Priit Pärn’s filmography and Camus’s existentialist thought. One of the leitmotifs of Pärn’s films is the prevalence of preposterous totalitarian systems, where the prevailing situation is nearly identical to one in which the absurd man would discover the absurd. Various characters from these worlds have lost their human shape in a way that causes discomforting alienation in the viewer, which is one of the absurd discoveries mentioned by Camus. Though many of Pärn’s characters are similar to the absurd man, only in one of the films are they able to free themselves from the rigid routine conclusively. However, none of the characters recognize the absurdity of the system around them: they either live under its hardship or those who free themselves resemble the absurd man only in their actions, not in their mentality, because they do not act upon a logical discussion. Distinctive to Pärn’s style, the unrestricted approach to reality aligns with Camus’s reluctance about the mindset that treats humans and everything else as if they had a definite place and purpose in the world. Priit Pärn’s films have many similarities with Albert Camus’ existentialism. Although juxtaposing them reveals that while Camus concentrates on a mentality on how to interpret and embrace the absurd, Pärn’s films focus on the absurd and the absurd systems themselves, along with describing the burdens they bring about. Additionally, often in Priit Pärn’s films, the oppressive plight of the characters remains persistent. In contrast, Camus ends his essay in faith that even in a world burdened with absurd one may be happy.

3

Absurdity in Medicine. Stanisław Trzebiński’s Philosophy of Medicine

85%

Barański J. , Mackiewicz W.

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nr 1

9–23

EN

Stanisław Trzebiński (1861–1930), professor at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, was one of the most distinguished representatives of the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine before the Second World War. He undertook studies in neurology, philosophy of medicine, and literature. The article explores Trzebiński’s philosophical ideas, especially his call for rationality in medicine and the concept of absurdity in medicine as a precondition for the development of medical knowledge and practice. Today this method is an essential background in Evidence-Based Medicine and confirms cultural and scientific forms of cognition.

4

Fatum i absurd. Inspiracja tragedią grecką w twórczości Alberta Camusa

80%

Roś J.

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tom 3

EN

The purpose of this article is to show that the Greek drama for Albert Camus was an expression of the universal experience of the cruelty of fate. Dramatic stories of Oedipus and Prometheus were for him a kind of map of the world with space selected for the man and his denial of suffering. Camus knows that in the tragedy even a man who is a „plaything of the gods”, maintains strength and honor in his defeat, and that the hero embroiled in horror stories, preserves the dignity, which adds faith and courage. This is where Camus found the connotation between the concept of fate and absurd, because absurd can’t be defeated by force of human will, a munity directed against absurd does not save the Man from misfortune.

5

Motywy egzystencjalne w Dwóch ludziach z szafą Romana Polańskiego

80%

Błaszczyk M.

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nr 1

65-87

PL

W artykule zarysowuję egzystencjalną interpretację etiudy Romana Polańskiego Dwaj ludzie z szafą (1958). Pomimo sporej liczby publikacji traktujących o twórczości Polańskiego nadal brakuje pracy, która wprost i pierwszorzędnie ukazałaby filozoficzno-egzystencjalny potencjał tej wczesnej krótkometrażówki. Wywód został podzielony na pięć części. W pierwszej z nich przyglądam się zagadnieniom samotności i obcości prezentowanym w filmie Polańskiego. W drugim kroku nawiązuję do rozpoznań wybranych filozofów egzystencjalnych (J. Ortega y Gasset, E. Lévinas, J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus). W trzeciej części kreślę specyfikę charakterystycznych dla filmu motywów groteski i absurdu, uwypuklając ich związek z problematyką samotności. Następnie interpretuję film w kontekście autentycznego sposobu egzystowania, odwołując się do spostrzeżeń M. Heideggera i akcentując rozziew między „byciem sobą” a przynależnością do wspólnoty (społeczeństwa). W ostatniej części proponuję psychologiczno-egzystencjalne odczytanie etiudy Polańskiego, zwracając uwagę na psychologiczne uwarunkowania ludzkiej egzystencji.

6

Jean-Paul Sartre’s query about the human condition

80%

Błaszczyk M. , Błaszczyk M.

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2019

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nr 2

7

To mænd der i enhver henseende var ens (Sørensen 1984:145) - Symbolers betydning i Villy Sørensens novelle 'De to tvillinger'

57%

Przybecka B.

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tom 11

36-44

EN

The tragic times of the nazi regime and the Cold War showed that modern pluralism cannot be overcome. This problem is reflected in the symbolism of Villy Sørensen’s short stories, which present the sphere of the unattainable and the plural nature of the world, and as such constitute an attempt to overcome the pluralism. Sørensen assigns new meanings to symbols by placing them in modern contexts, which makes the stories universal. The leitmotif of “Strange Stories” (“Sære historier”, 1953) and “Harmless Tales” (“Ufarlige historier”, 1955) includes: loss, disintegration, solitude, absurdity as well as the protagonist’s pursuit of the desired goal. Sørensen’s protagonists pursue the unattainable and the lost, a goal which in itself is both destructive and circular, however dependent on the protagonists’ choices. Consequently, Sørensen’s protagonists gain the status of modern homines viatoris in complicated times. A close reading analysis of “The Two Twins” (“De to tvillinger”, 1952) shows how Sørensen’s approach towards the concept of a symbol is used to express the most fundamental problems of his times. A further analysis focuses on the universality of the story and examines the relevance of its symbolism within the context of current problems.

8

Don Kichot – smutny uśmiech czy groteskowy grymas? Warianty łączenia elementów komizmu i tragizmu w powieści Cervantesa, Królu Learze Szekspira, Monsignor Quixote Grahama Greene’a i Ostatnim husarzu Sławomira Mrożka

57%

Mroczkowska-Brand K.

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nr 6

993-1006

EN

The article opens with a brief history of a genre of literary works that blend both tragic and comic elements, the latter of which seem to have been increasingly more prominent in European culture in general. This article examines various functions of the tragic and comic combination in Cervantes’ Don Quixote, some scenes from Shakespeare’s King Lear, and two modern narrative fictions, where the main character is simultaneously heroic and comic, Graham Greene’s Monsignor Quixote and Sławomir Mrożek’s short story The Last Hussar.