Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Chronology of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Hungary. New results

100%

Kiss V. , Csányi M. , Dani J. , Fisch K. P. , Kulcsár G. , Szathmári I.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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nr 24

173-197

EN

The chronological system established by Paul Reinecke played a significant role in developing a chronological classification of the Hungarian Bronze Age. However, the relative chronology which is currently being used for the Early and Middle Bronze Age by the majority of Hungarian scholars is based on István Bóna’s tempo ral sequence. Although Bóna’s relative chronology is still regarded as the ‘lingua franca’ in Hungary, several attempts have been made to synchronise Bóna’s relative chronological system of the Hungarian Bronze Age with the Reinecke scheme in the last two decades. The present paper compares the two relative chronological systems and highlights some common cornerstones, supported by the most recent AMS 14C dates from the Carpathian Basin.

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Application of Dendrochronological Analysis in Dating of Timbers from the Wieliczka Salt Mine

88%

Szychowska-Krąpiec E.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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2003

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tom Vol. 51, nr 2

99-118

EN

Dendrochronological analysis was applied for dating of wood samples from timbering and wooden machines from the first level of the Wieliczka salt mine. Sampling was carried out in eight mining complexes; the Bąkle complex, the Goryszowski shaft, the Lipowiec Zamtus complex, the Taras Wodnych Gór Wschodnich complex, the Boner-Boruta complex, the area of the Powroźnik gallery, the area of the Regis shaft, and the Jan Zawachlary complex. Among over 130 samples of various tree species, timbers of Scots pine, fir and spruce were predominating. The oldest timbers, dated to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries came from the Bąkle complex (timbering of the Dusząca chamber) and from timbering of the Goryszowski shaft. In the Dusząca chamber the oldest timbers came from fir trees growing in the second half of the fourteenth and the first half of the fifteenth century and from spruce trees felled in the second half of the fifteenth century. Fir wood from timbering of the Goryszowski shaft also came from the second half of the fifteenth century. Other samples represented somewhat younger timbers, from the last 500 years (the sixteenth to twentieth centuries). So large a spectrum of the results obtained indicates that the old mines present an excellent, though only rarely put to use, store of timbers spanning large time intervals and originating from vast areas. This opens large opportunities for constructing long absolute chronologies and for studies on identification of the origin of wood.

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Meta-analysis of dendrochronological dating of mass movements

88%

Tumajer J. , Treml V.

Geochronometria

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2013

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tom Vol. 40, no. 1

59-76

EN

Absolute dating of mass movements is crucial for disentangling possible release factors and determining the frequency of events. Here, we present an overview of a recent approach to den-drochronological dating of rockfalls, flows, landslides and avalanches. The results, based on 69 case-studies, show that methodological approaches to sampling and material processing differ considerably for different types of mass movements. Landslides are usually detected through abrupt growth chang-es and changes in stem eccentricity, whereas high-energy events as avalanches and flows are mostly identified by the formation of traumatic resin ducts, reaction wood, growth injuries and eccentricity changes. Cross-dating of dead wood is applicable as well. The dating of most mass movements except landslides is common, even with sub-annual resolution. In comparison to other methods of absolute dating, the main benefit of dendrochronology still lies in the high temporal resolution of the results. If living material is accessible, on-going research progress makes absolute dating of most mass-wasting events possible with sub-annual precision.

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Spruce Chronology from Mt Pilsko Area. (Żywiec Beskid Range) 1641-1995 AD.

88%

Szychowska-Krąpiec E.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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1998

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tom Vol. 46, nr 2

75-86

EN

Timber of spruce, a species widely spread in Europe and Asia, has been a basis of several regional dendrochronological standards. However, in Poland there is no long spruce standard of regional extent. The research underaken at Dendrochronological Laboratory, University of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow, is the first step towards the elaboration of such a scale for the area of southern Poland. The 5BESIA chronology presented here, has been constructed for the Mt Pilsko area in Żywiec Beskid Range (S Poland) on the basis of 50 best correlated samples of contemporary, long-living spruces. Teleconnection of dendrochronological signal from Pilsko has been checked with available spruce chronologies from southern Poland, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Italy, Switzerland, France and Lithuania. The highest correlation may be observed between the 5BESIA and the German (t=5.68), Swiss (t=4.47) and Austrian (t=4.15) standards. There is no corelation with other European standards, what demonstrates unequal distribution pattern of dendrochronological signal for the spruce. The strongest signal has been noted for areas to the West and Southwest. The observed relationships can be helpful in construction and checking of the correctness of older spruce sequences and elongation of the 5BESIA chronology.

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Settlements of Local Phase of Corded Ware culture in Moravia

75%

Peška J. , Fojtík P. , Daňhel M.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2021

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tom LVI

193-220

EN

In the context of the long discussion on the (non-)existence of permanent Corded Ware culture (CWC) settlements and the semi-nomadic way of life of their inhabitants, ongoing excavations of common settlements have newly gained immense significance, as in almost all other regions, also in Moravia (Olomouc-Slavonín, Horní lán; Vřesovice; Seloutky; Hulín-Pravčice 1; Prostějov, Za tržištěm). Earlier sporadic indications have been joined by a series of records of settlements with sunken features and typical local ceramics identical with burial grounds, together with which they formed complete settlement areas in a number of sites. Light wattle structures, wells(?), textile production, animal husbandry, etc., have been identified, as were some very unconventional inhumation burials in pits (Olomouc-Slavonín, two cases). The cord element clearly formed a part of the mixed horizon of Strachotín-Držovice with elements of Makó/Kosihy-Čaka culture, Globular Amphora culture and Moravian Group of CWC. Absolute dating indicated the 26th–23rd century cal. BC. Absence of foundations of (residential) structures could be explained by the lower level of recognisability of CWC settlements. In other aspects, it showed no particular difference from other prehistoric farmers and cattle breeders.

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Wybrane znaleziska ceramiki o cechach warsztatowych ze starszych faz wczesnego średniowiecza z południowo-zachodniej Wielkopolski i południowo-wschodniej części ziemi Lubuskiej w świetle badań specjalistycznych

51%

Gruszka B. , Kara M.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2013

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nr 54

241-265

PL

The latest specialist excavations of utensil ceramics from the early Middle Ages in south-west Wielkopolska and the south-east part of Ziemia Lubuska have revealed features characteristic of craft ceramics. The features include selecting the mineral leaning admixture with respect to the fraction and type, the application of slipware, as well as a potter’s wheel. The research has been based on the results of petrographic analyses of selected utensils from the sites in Bonikowo (Wielkopolska region) as well as Połupin and Stożne (Lubuskie region). The artefacts have been dated on the basis of a thermoluminescent analysis of pieces of receptacles (Stożne) and the results of radiocarbon dating (Bonikowo, Połupin, Stożne). As for the occurrence of craft ceramics, the former stages of the Early Middle Ages (approximately 6/7th-9th centuries) are strongly contrasted with the subsequent Medieval times (10th – mid-13th centuries) when this type of utensil was non-existent.