Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Bohater o wielu twarzach. Ewolucja syjonistycznego mitu Sabry we współczesnym izraelskim kinie wojennym

100%

PIETRZAK M.

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nr 27

346-353

EN

The many-faced hero. The evolution of the Zionist myth of Sabra in the contemporaryIsraeli war films The concept of the New Jew was one of the most important founding myths of Zionism. During the construction of a Jewish state in Palestine, the New Jew was hailed Sabra (with reference to the kind of prickly pear popular in this region). In the twentieth century, the figure of Sabra became an important element of the identity and culture of Israelis. The main purpose of this article is to show the evolution of the mythical narrative typical for the cinematic incarnations of Sabra, which in recent decades has taken place in Israeli war films.

2

Neuland, czyli dyslokacja ideału

100%

Molisak A.

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2015

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tom 59(4 (451))

83-93

PL

In this article the author presents an interpretation of a contemporary novel written by an Israeli writer, Eshkol Nevo and places it both within a concept of the Zionist idea as presented by Herzl himself and the Jewish settlement in Argentina as envisioned and supported by baron Hirsch. The key issue here is the relation between the imagined and the real.

3

Wielokulturowość Zamenhofa avant la lettre ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektu religijnego

100%

Żelazny W.

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2016

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tom 27 cz. 1

EN

Zamenhof was one of the few thinkers who noticed the impossibility of a just dispensation between ethnicities and religions in the Russian Empire. He aspired to present a social system where national actions could run in the most natural way and where no one has the right to rule on behalf of the nation. In Zamenhof ’s opinion multiculturalism composed of different ethnical groups inhabiting the same territory is a social phenomenon just as a class system. However, if class system relates to social antagonisms in the matter of possession, then ethnicity is the most important element of segmentation where neither ownership, class nor political criteria are distinctive as ethnicity is a natural and culturally established social bond. Zamenhof rejected all political Jewish programs of his age and created his own program called Hillelism (which was directed at Jews and which he later abandoned) which after modification was renamed as Humanitarianism. Precisely this proposition has many common characteristics with multiculturalism avant la letter.

4

Dziewięć lat „Dzienniczka dla Dzieci i Młodzieży” – dodatku do „Nowego Dziennika”

88%

Kwiecień S.

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tom 12

38-55

EN

The article describes the origin and first nine years (1928–1936) of “Dzienniczek dla Dzieci i Młodzieży” (Children and Adolescents Journal), a supplement to the “Nowy Dziennik” (New Journal) published by Cracovian Zionists. The supplement was at first edited by Runa Reitmanowa, then by Marta Hirschprung. The Children and Adolescents Journal had its own vignette and numeration. It was created as a biweekly, but there were departures from this rhythm. The supplement was a valuable and extensive research material. It was there where the problems of the Zionist adolescents have been discussed. The supplement was a tool in the Zionist upbringing, it helped create the sense of national identity. The paper was published in Polish, put it propagated the cult of Hebrew. It allowed readers to create the published material. As Children and Adolescents Journal, it was published until November 1936. Starting February 1937, the editorial board of the New Journal started publishing the supplement for adolescents – “Świat Młodych” (World of Young) and bade farewell to the readers of the section edited by Marta Hirschprung. The analysis of the content of the New Journal shows that per the readers’ request there was a comeback of the section addressed to the youngest. The “Dzienniczek” (Little Diary) has been showing up irregularly from 1937 to 1939.

5

Juden und Jüdinnen als Postkoloniale Subjekte im Spannungsfeld frauenemanzipatorischer Bestrebungen (1890-1914) im österreichischen Galizien

75%

Leszczawski-Schwerk A.

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tom 42

6

From Paris to Izmir, Rome, and Jerusalem: Armand Lévy as the Missing Link between Polish Romantic Nationalism and Zionism

75%

Silber M.

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tom 123

95-116

PL

This article focuses on Armand Lévy, Adam Mickiewicz’s secretary, as the missing link between Romantic Polish nationalism and proto-Zionism. It examines Lévy’s interpretation of Adam Mickiewicz’s use of Jewish motifs and how Lévy’s interpretation provided his friend and neighbour in Paris, Moses Hess, a German-Jewish socialist, colleague and rival of Karl Marx, with a repertoire he had lacked to structure his proto-Zionist ideas. The article discusses how ideas from one cultural sphere were transferred to others. Mickiewicz, seeking to find ways to strengthen the Polish nation-building process following the partition of his motherland, used his interpretation of the contemporary Jewish Diaspora as a model. His secretary, the Frenchman Armand Lévy, reinterpreted Mickiewicz’s interpretation. His convoluted life course eventually led him to think about the Jews in nationalist terms via the discursive tools he acquired from Mickiewicz. Going beyond the latter’s views, Lévy regarded the Jews as a diasporic nation aspiring to gain political statehood. He championed Jewish messianism as a concrete step towards the Jews’ sovereignty. This, in turn, provided Moses Hess with a repertoire he had lacked until this point: namely, an acquaintance with Jews who were committed to renewing the sovereign Jewish life as of old. The article shows how Armand Lévy – a person acting in a sociological ‘contact zone’, i.e. in a social space where cultures meet, clash, and grapple – was able to cross the boundaries of Frenchness, Polishness, Jewishness, cosmopolitanism and nationalism, transferring motifs between Jewish and non-Jewish émigrés in complex ways which provoked unexpected results.

7

The Guide for the Perplexed by Maimonides: Transfigurations of a Book

75%

Ronen S.

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2015

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nr 3(38)

65-84

EN

The article discusses the metamorphoses of a book: The Guide for the Per-plexed by Moses Maimonides. The receptions of the book from the time of its publication (1191), and especially his translation into Hebrew (1224) were diverse and went through many changes during the last eight centuries. From its publication the book caused a storm among Jewish thinkers and rabbis, and was accused of being a profanation, was banned, and even burned. These facts are particularly intriguing taking into account the authoritative role of Maimonides in the Jewish world, who was considered as the second Moses, was named the “great eagle”, and his book Mishneh Torah, a comprehensive code of Halakhah (Jewish law) is a canonical book since then. Acceptance and rejection of this book can be observed in the Jewish world till today. The book was understood as the source for very different philosophical and theo-logical approaches. Therefore, it has a sense to talk about ‘many Guides for the Perplexed’. The article is concentrated particularly, on modern times: Haskalah and Zionism.

8

Organizacja Ogólnych Syjonistów w Polsce (1934–1939)

63%

Jaworski W.

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2020

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nr 106

105-123

EN

In 1923, within the framework of the Zionist Organization in Poland (the party was active in former Russian partition and the Pomeranian and Poznań voivodeship) were formed factions, radical Al Hamiszmar and moderate Et Liwnot. The second faction postulated the emigration of Jews from Poland to Palestine based mostly on private funds. Its gathered Zionists belonging the middle and high social classes, well-educated, mostly assimilated culturally pro-Polish. Due to the deterioration of the material situation of Jews and the great economic crisis, its social influence was rapidly decreasing. In 1934, the activists factions formed new party – Organization of General Zionists in Poland. Her leader until 1939 was an attorney Leon Lewite. The party did not have much social influence. It concentrated its efforts on attempts to unite general Zionist party in Poland and in the world. It also tried to define the interests of Jews in city councils and the parliament.

PL

W 1923 r. w ramach Organizacji Syjonistycznej w Polsce (partia działała w byłym zaborze rosyjskim oraz województwach pomorskim i poznańskim) powstały dwie frakcje: radykalna Al Hamiszmar i umiarkowana Et Liwnot. Druga frakcja postulowała emigrację Żydów z Polski do Palestyny finansowaną z funduszy prywatnych. Skupiała ona syjonistów należących do warstw średnich i wyższych, dobrze wykształconych, w znacznej części zasymilowanych kulturowo propolsko. Wobec pogarszania się położenia materialnego i wielkiego kryzysu gospodarczego jej wpływy społeczne szybko malały. W 1934 r. działacze Et Liwnot utworzyli nową partię – Organizację Ogólnych Syjonistów w Polsce. Jej przywódcą do 1939 r. był adwokat Leon Lewite. Partia nie miała większych wpływów społecznych. Koncentrowała swe wysiłki na próbach zjednoczenia partii ogólnosyjonistycznych w Polsce i na świecie. Próbowała bronić interesów Żydów w radach miejskich i sejmie.

9

The beginnings of the Zionist movement in Galicia in 1898 based on the documents of the Lviv Governorate

63%

Meus K.

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2023

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nr 9

436-452

PL

Judaika zgromadzone w Centralnym Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym Ukrainy we Lwowie, zwanym również zwyczajowo Archiwum Bernardyńskim, należą bez wątpienia do najważniejszych materiałów źródłowych do historii Żydów galicyjskich i małopolskich. Na szczególne wyróżnienie zasługują zespoły poświęcone „Krajowej Organizacji Syjonistycznej we Lwowie” (fond 338) oraz „Żydowskiej gminie wyznaniowej we Lwowie” (fond 701)82. Okazuje się jednak, że wartościowe materiały dotyczące problematyki żydowskiej znajdziemy również w zespole zatytułowanym „C.k. Namiestnictwo Galicyjskie”/ „K.k. Galizische Statthalterei” (fond 146), który obejmuje wszelką dokumentację (blisko 200 tysięcy jednostek archiwalnych) wytworzoną dla potrzeb najważniejszej władzy politycznej w Galicji w XIX i w początkach XX w. W zespole tym znajdują się m.in. „Raporty starostów odnośnie działalności żydowskich organizacji do kolonizacji terytorium Palestyny Zion”, które stanowią niecenione źródło wiedzy na temat początków emigracji żydowskiej do Palestyny, a przede wszystkimi jej przebiegu w Galicji i stosunku do niej władz państwowych. Na podstawie sporządzonych w 1898 r. raportów starostów powiatowych można pokusić się o odtworzenie początków ruchu syjonistycznego w Galicji.

EN

The Judaica collected at the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv, also customarily referred to as the Bernardin Archive, constitute, without doubt, some of the most important source materials for the history of the Jews of Galicia and Lesser Poland. Particularly noteworthy are the archives devoted to the “National Zionist Organization in Lviv” (fond 338) and the “Jewish Religious Community in Lviv” (fond 701). However, it turns out that valuable materials on Jewish issues can also be found in the arvhives entitled “C.k. Namiestnictwo Galicyjskie”/”K.k.. Galizische Statthalterei” [Imperial royal Galician Governorate] (fond 146), which includes all documentation (nearly 200,000 archival units) produced for the most important political authority in Galicia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The archives contains, e.g. the reports of the starostes regarding the activities of Zion (Jewish organizations for the colonization of the territory of Palestine), which are an invaluable source of knowledge about the beginnings of Jewish emigration to Palestine and, above all, its course in Galicia and the attitude of the state authorities. On the basis of the reports of district governors compiled in 1898, it may be possible to reconstruct the origins of the Zionist movement in Galicia.

10

Rückständigkeit, Fortschritt und Geschichte. Die Rhetorik der Frauenpolitik am Beispiel Galiziens

63%

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tom 42

11

Wojna polsko-polska na terenie Izraela

63%

Zawadzka A.

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2012

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nr 1

EN

The Polish – Polish war on the territory of IsraelThe text deconstructs a documentary film Betar by Robert Kaczmarek and Piotr Gontarczyk. The author carries out the analysis adopting two approaches. Firstly, she confronts the factographic side of the film against other sources reporting the events presented in the film. The author also proves that although it has pretensions to being a historiographic work, Betar is, in fact, constructed on the founding myths of the Israeli Zionism. Secondly, she analyses the film as the authors’ viewpoint on Polish fascism and Polish anti-Semitism concealed under the guise of objectifying narrative of a documentary. Seen from such a perspective, Betar perfectly fits into the Polish historical politics. Discussing the issue of Jews in Poland in the pre-war and war times, the film disregards the context of dominance and abuse, that is the majority-minority context; and what is more, it neutralises the Polish anti-Semitism presenting it as equal to the right-wing Zionism as well as an answer to Jewish nationalism.

12

Mniejszość żydowska w Księstwie Bułgarii w latach 1879-1885. Wybrane problemy

62%

Rusin B.

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nr 2

37-54

EN

The article describes the situation of the Jewish minority after establishing the Principality of Bulgaria in 1879. The situation of the Jewish minority and other ethnic and religious groups in the country was heavily dependent on the authorities and different governments aiming at the achievement of the national ideals of Bulgaria – the creation of an ethically solid and territorially united state in the Balkans. These goals influenced the Bulgarian policy towards Jewish and other minorities in the country, especially between 1882-1883 and 1884-1886, when pro-Russian politicians run the government. The Jews in the Principality worked mostly as small merchants and craftsmen, so even though they were considered to be wealthy their situation did not differ from the situation of the Bulgarian population of the country. Generally, the minority was deprived of the possibility of achieving high official and administration posts, as well as high military ranks in the army, even after the participation of the Jews in the Serbo-Bulgarian war in 1885. The education and the level of development of the Jewish culture in the country were also very low. Jewish schools were financially subsidized by international organisations, especially the Alliance Israelite Universelle, but the local communities still lacked money for teachers and proper buildings. Jewish theatres and newspapers were also underfunded, that is why the first Jewish newspaper appeared in the country only in 1893. In conclusion, therefore, it seems that the situation of the Jews in the Principality of Bulgaria was not particularly bad, especially when we take into consideration the level of anti-Semitism in neighbouring Romania. The Jews were satisfied with the conditions of living in Bulgaria, and they supported the national goals of the country, such as the unification of the Principality with the province of Eastern Roumelia in 1885.

13

The Longing to Belong: Santo Semo the Language Convert

51%

Studemund-Halévy M.

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nr 9

233-254

PL

Artykuł opisuje językową migrację Santy Semo – od jego języka ojczystego (judezmo) do adoptowanego języka francuskiego, oraz jego dążenie ku nowej językowej tożsamości. Całe życie poświęcił misji, w którą wierzył; poświęcił wiele energii na ratowanie świata, walki o pokój dla świata i planety.

EN

The paper focuses on Santo Semo’s journey of linguistic migration, from his native language (Judezmo) to his adopted language (French), and his desire for another linguistic identity. He focused his energies on saving the world, bringing peace to the planet, and he was convinced of his mission until the dark end of his life, and subordinated everything to it.

14

"Instead of Tombstones - a Tree, a Garden, a Grove": Early Israeli Forests as Environmental Memorials

51%

Piekarska M.

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nr 9

101-120

PL

Poniższy artykuł dodaje perspektywę materialno-semiotycznych badań nad pamięcią zbiorową do dyskusji na temat dwóch największych leśnych kompleksów wczesnego państwa Izrael – Ya’ar HaMeginim (Las Obrońców) i Ya’ar HaKedoshim (Las Męczenników). Biorąc pod uwagę wielość kontekstów związanych z praktykami masowego zalesiania w Izraelu prowadzonymi przez Żydowski Fundusz Narodowy, artykuł rozważa te lasy jako środowiskowe upamiętnienia. Jako takie posiadają one sprawczość narracyjną, silnie wiążącą obiekt upamiętnienia ze znaczeniami przypisywanymi naturze w ramach jej społecznej konstrukcji. Co więcej, ze względu na swój organiczny budulec, wykazują możliwości afektywne i materialne, które aktywnie wpływają na pamięciowy przekaz tych kompleksów. Na podstawie analizy obu izraelskich lasów pamięci wyciągane są wnioski na temat możliwego udziału upamiętnień środowiskowych w procesach pamięci zbiorowej.

EN

The article adds a material-semiotic memory studies perspective to the discussion on the two largest afforestation projects of early Israeli statehood: Ya’ar HaMeginim (Defenders’ Forest) and Ya’ar HaKedoshim (Martyrs’ Forest). Considering the multiplicity of contexts related to mass tree planting practices conducted by the Jewish National Fund in Israel, the article analyses the two arboreal complexes as environmental memorials. As such, they are attributed with narrative agency that strongly associates the object of commemoration with socially constructed pastoral features of nature. Moreover, due to their organic substance, they hold affective and material capacities that significantly influence the commemorative after-effects. The two Israeli mnemonic assemblages are examined, and conclusions are drawn on the possible outcomes of environmental memorials for collective memory processes.

15

„Jedna z najdonioślejszych epok w życiu Żydów”. Kongres Żydów Amerykańskich w Filadelfii (15–18 grudnia 1918 roku)

51%

Jeziorny D.

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nr 2

179-201

EN

The Congress of American Jews began its activities as an organization established to represent all Jews living in the United States during the Congress in Philadelphia. On December 15–18, 1918, a meeting of 400 delegates representing all Jewish political parties and social groups in the USA took place. It aroused great hopes because new opportunities were opening up for the Jews to resolve the Palestinian question, the main Zionist project, and to guarantee equal rights for Jewish minorities in East-Central Europe. The article answers questions about how the Congress of American Jews was convened. How did the main political groups of Jews in the USA respond to it? What was the subject of the debate? What decisions were made? And then how were they implemented and what was the future of the initiative launched in Philadelphia? Answers to these questions will allow us to draw a conclusion as to the importance of the December congress in the history of Jews in the USA and whether it fulfilled its tasks.

PL

Kongres Żydów Amerykańskich jako organizacja mająca na celu reprezentowanie wszystkich Żydów zamieszkujących Stany Zjednoczone zapoczątkował swoją działalność od zjazdu w Filadelfii. W dniach 15–18 grudnia 1918 r. doszło do spotkania 400 delegatów reprezentujących wszystkie żydowskie stronnictwa polityczne i grupy społeczne w USA. Budził on ogromne nadzieje, ponieważ przed Żydami otwierały się nowe możliwości co do rozwiązania kwestii palestyńskiej, głównego projektu syjonistów, a także zagwarantowania równych praw mniejszościom żydowskim w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. W artykule została udzielona odpowiedź na pytania o to, jak doszło do zwołania Kongresu Żydów Amerykańskich. Jak ustosunkowały się do niego główne ugrupowania polityczne Żydów w USA? Co było przedmiotem obrad? Jakie decyzje podjęto? A następnie w jaki sposób je zrealizowano i jakie były dalsze losy inicjatywy zapoczątkowanej w Filadelfii? Odpowiedzi na powyższe kwestie pozwolą sformułować wniosek co do tego, jaką wagę miał grudniowy kongres w dziejach Żydów w USA oraz czy wypełnił stawiane przed nim zadania.