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1

Zmiany stanów wód gruntowych w Puszczy Zielonka w okresie 1970–2009

100%

Grajewski S. , Miler A. T. , Krysztofiak-Kaniewska A.

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tom Tom 15, cz. 2

1594--1611

EN

The aim of this study is demonstrate trends of groundwater level changes in Zielonka Forest on the Experimental Forest District Potasze example. The study included a period of 40 years (1970–2009). Variability of groundwater conditions is basis of water relation ratings, or trends of changes on given area, particularly on forest area. The Zielonka Forest is situated in the middle section of the Warta river catchment, in the central part of the Wielkopolska region, and its western border lies about 6 kilometres north-east of Poznan. The area is situated in the western part of the Wielkopolska-Mazovian climatic region. The natural landscape is of early glacial type of Pleistocene and Holocene formation. Postglacial drifts, deposits from the Poznan stage of the Würm glaciations, are the main parent materials of the soils in this area. The granulometric composition is formed by sands with a low clay content, overlying loose sands with admixture of gravel and slightly sandy clay. Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) is the dominant tree species but also oak (Quercus robur. L., Q. petrea (Matt.) Liebl.), alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Alnus incana (L.) Moench.), larch (Larix sp. Mill.) and rarely spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) occur there. The predominant forest site types are: fresh mixed coniferous forest, fresh coniferous forest, wet coniferous forest and alder swamp forest. The greatest yearly fluctuations in groundwater level were observed in alder/ash swamp forest site types, where groundwater level was the highest (in shallow groundwater). Extended the meteorological observations on Zielonka station for 1970–1985, based on meteorological observation from Poznan station are reasonable. The resulting regression and correlation coefficients relation for precipitation sum, mean air temperature (monthly and annual) are statistically significant on customarily accepted levels of significance α = 0.05. Consequently complete data of precipitation and air temperatures have been obtained for the study period 1970–2009 for the Zielonka Forest representative meteorological station in Zielonka village. Time trend for annual precipitation sum in Zielonka Forest in the period 1970–2009 is not statistically significant. However, time trend over that period of the average annual air temperature in the Zielonka Forest is statistically significant and amounts to about +0.05°C/year. These trends for the last 10 years during the study period are respectively -0.28 mm/year and +0.11°C/year. These figures can be considered as a confirmation of the adverse climate changes described in the IPCC Report (2007), in relation to the studied area. For the analysis of groundwater conditions selected years 1970, 2002 and 2009. According to the meteorological conditions (precipitation, air temperature), these three years can be regarded as the average (normal). Average groundwater levels in Zielonka Forest (based on Forest District Potasze analyses) throughout the 40-year study period (1970–2009) fell by about 50 cm, while in the last seven- years, fell by 20 cm. Assuming an average porosity of the aquifer layers to 34%, respectively in these periods decreases the ground retention were thus about 160 mm and 60 mm. Variability of groundwater levels has been reduced twice (variation coefficient of groundwater levels dropped by half). The largest groundwater decreases recorded on forest site types. Much lower on coniferous forest and alder/ash alder swamp forest site type. Groundwater lowering in Zielonka Forest can be associated with intensified adverse climate changes. But this is not the only explanation. The second factor, adversely effect on groundwater conditions in Zielonka Forest and its buffer zone, which was not the subject of this paper, is so-called anthropopressure. For example residential and recreational buildings, manufacture and process plant, etc.

2

Tendencje zmian położenia zwierciadła wody gruntowej w wybranych zlewniach na obszarze Puszczy Zielonka

100%

Liberacki D. , Szafrański C.

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tom Tom 15, cz. 3

2425--2436

EN

The aim of the study was to assess changes in the position of the groundwater table in selected catchments in the Zielonka forest. The paper presents the results of researches carried out at Hutka small catchment up to Huta Pusta cross section and Potaszka small catchment up to Potasze cross station. Analyzed catchments of investigated watercourses are located in the central part of the Wielkopolska region, approx. 20 km north-east of Poznań, in the Zielonka Forest, at a distance of approx. 7 km from each other. The catchment of the Hutka watercourse, with an area of 0.52 km2, is forested in 89%, the other 11% being covered by swamps and wasteland. The predominant sites are fresh mixed coniferous forest (BMśw), fresh coniferous forest (Bśw) and alder swamp forest (Ol). The catchment of the Potaszka watercourse is over two times bigger, with an area of 1.33 km2. Here forest cover only 14.7% catchment area, arable land (GO) occupies approx. 75%, while grassland (UZ) constitutes 10.3%. Landscape in both catchments is characterized by a large number of interior depressions, filled partly with rainwater or peat bogs, with poorly developed natural drainage During the research detailed analyses were made for the dynamics of the ground water level. The researches curried out in different habitat conditions in watercourses Hutka and Potaszka catchement indicated that the highest amplitudes oscillations ground-water levels, in winter and summer hydrological half-year, occurred in older swamp forest, whereas the smallest in fresh mixed coniferous forest. The research proved, that the dynamics of the soils humidity variation and ground water level in analyzed drainage catchment is described by similar cyclist and depends mostly on the course of meteorological conditions, especially on the distribution and dimension of rainfalls. It was confirmed that the low level of groundwater table in the vegetation season does not affect significantly the water reserves of the surface layer of soil. Additional elements affecting the level of ground water are also: the distance between measuring wells and the watercourse, site type and the layout of the land.

3

Pluskwiaki roznoskrzydle [Heteroptera] Puszczy Zielonka kolo Poznania

75%

Skorka S.

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nr 1

13-20

4

Krajobraz sakralny związany z ciekami wodnymi, na przykładzie "Szlaku kościołów drewnianych wokół Puszczy Zielonka"

63%

Raszeja E. , de Mezer E.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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tom nr 1

25--33

EN

Sacred landscape is inseparably linked with the revelation of sanctity in human life space (hierophany and teophany in some cases). Profanum has to be symbolically submitted to res sacra to enable the element of sacrum to act in a proper way. It involves an appropriate exposition of sacred landscape elements, especially churches. They are not only visible dominants, but also domus dei and axis mundi in cultural landcape. For that reason churches are often situated in the most prominent places, making good use of natural landform features, first of all hills usually connected with valleys of water flows. 'The trail of wooden churches around Zielonka forest' consists of twelve churches that have become an inherent part of Wielkopolska cultural landscape. Seven of them are located in the area of river valleys, which determines landscape exposition. The aim of this article is to attract attention to the vital role of small water flows in the exposition of churches and the influence of valley forms on sacred landscape perception.

5

Sulphur in leaves of forest trees and shrubs under long-term influence of urban and industrial air pollution

51%

Nowinski M.

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tom 03

6

Effect of deer and other environmental factors on growth of pine cultures in the Zielonka' Experimental Forest Division

51%

Labudzki L. , Fruzinski B. , Skubis J.

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tom 01

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nr 2

7

Odpływy z małych zlewni o różnym stopniu lesistości

38%

Liberacki D. , Szafranski C.

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tom 532

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w dwóch małych zlewniach nizinnych, zlewni cieku Hutka do przekroju Huta Pusta oraz zlewni cieku Potaszka do przekroju Potasze. Zlewnie położone są w centralnej części Wielkopolski, około 20 km na północny-wschód od Poznania w Puszczy Zielonka. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że wielkości odpływów jednostkowych w obu zlewniach są zróżnicowane i zależą od stopnia lesistości zlewni oraz od przebiegu warunków meteorologicznych. Największe odpływy jednostkowe odnotowano w półroczach zimowych, w których w zalesionej w 15% zlewni cieku Potaszka średnie miesięczne odpływy jednostkowe były czterokrotnie wyższe aniżeli w zalesionej w 89% zlewni cieku Hutka. W półroczach letnich analizowanych lat mających niekorzystny rozkład opadów w poszczególnych miesiącach, stwierdzono okresowe zaniki odpływów w zlewni cieku Potaszka, natomiast ciek Hutka prowadził wodę przez cały rok.

EN

The paper presents the results of research carried out at the Hutka small catchment up to Huta Pusta cross section and the Potaszka small catchment up to Potasze cross station. The catchments are located at the central part of Wielkopolska Region about 20 km on the north-east from Poznań in Puszcza Zielonka. The research confirmed various values of outflows for both catchments and depended on afforestation and on meterological conditions. The highest outflows were observed in the winter half-years. Monthly average outflows in the Potaszka river catchment (15% afforestation) were four times higher that in the Hutka river catchment (89% of afforestation). During summer half-years with the adverse rainfall distribution the outflows from the Potaszka catchment temporarily disappeared.

8

Skutecznosc preparatu Dimilin 480 SC w ochronie drzewostanow sosnowych

38%

Adomas J.

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1998

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tom 38

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nr 1

204-210