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1

Itinerarium wielkiego mistrza zakonu krzyżackiego Konrada Zöllnera von Rotenstein (1382–1390)

100%

Sobczak Ł.

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nr 4

657-681

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Starania Jana Olbrachta o krzyżacką pomoc przeciwko księciu mazowieckiemu Konradowi III Rudemu w 1495 roku

100%

Szweda A.

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tom 82

PL

Bemühungen König Johann Albrechts von Polen um Hilfe des Deutschen Ordens gegen Herzog Konrad III. den Roten von Masowien im Jahre 1495ZusammenfassungNach dem Abschluß des Zweiten Thorner Friedens 1466 ist der Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens „Fürst und Rat der Krone” geworden, der dazu verpﬂichtet war, dem polnischen König militärischen Beistand zu leisten. An diese Pﬂicht erinnerte König Johann Albrecht den Hochmeister Johann von Tiefen, als 1495 nach dem Tod des Herzogs Janusz II. von Masowien sein Brunder Konrad der Rote das Fürstentum Płock eingenommen hatte, auf das auch die Krone Ansprüche geltend machte. Johann Albrecht entsandte seinen Sekretär Johann Konopacki mit der Forderung nach Preußen, bewaﬀnete Hilfe gegen Konrad zu leisten. Die Ordensleitung unterstützte diese Aktion nicht, weil sie befürchtete, daß die Krone sich ganz Masowien einverleiben und die Stellung des Ordens somit noch mehr geschwächt würde. Der Hochmeister sah aber zusammen mit Vertretern der preußischen Stände keinen Ausweg, den Forderungen des Königs zu widerstehen (rechtlich gesehen hatte er keine Gründe, diese abzulehnen, er verfügte auch über keine reale Macht), weshalb er auf Zeit spielte. Er verschob seine Entscheidung bis zur Versammlung der Stände, dann bot er sich als Vermittler zwischen dem König und Herzog Konrad an. Auch versuchte er, die Angelegenheit mit seinem Streit mit dem Bischof von Ermland Lukas Watzenrode in Verbindung zu bringen Der König entschied den Streit mit Konrad dem Roten schließen ohne die Hilfe des Ordens zu seinen Gunsten. Zwei Jahre später nahm Johann von Tiefen am Kriegszug Johann Albrechts in die Moldau teil, wo er auch gefallen ist. King Jan Olbracht’s solicitation for help from the Teutonic Order against Konrad III the Red, duke of Masovia, in 1495AbstractThe paper presents the activities of Jan Olbracht, who in 1495 requested help from the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Johann von Tiefen, against against Konrad III the Red, duke of Masovia, who illegally took over the Duchy of Płock after the death of his brother Janusz II. Faced with the demands presented by the royal envoy Jan Koniecpolski, the Order’s authorities temporised with the king. A special state meeting was convened and the Order’s mediation was suggested to the king, only after the ﬁasco of which, military aid was promised. The validity of king’s request was not questioned, however. Eventually, the help of the Grand Master was not needed, because Jan Olbracht soon solved his argument with the Masovian duke.

3

Instrukcje lekarskie dla wielkiego marszałka zakonu krzyżackiego z pierwszej połowy XV wieku

72%

Broda M.

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nr 39

125-136

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Z Krzyżakami przeciw królowi Polski w 1388 roku. Umowa wielkopolskich panów z Zakonem Krzyżackim w sprawie pomocy zbrojnej przeciwko Władysławowi Jagielle i jej sygnatariusze

72%

Szybkowski S.

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tom 89

21-49

EN

On 18 June 1388 in Malbork a number of lords from Great Poland signed a treaty with the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein concerning supplying him with military aid against Władysław Jagiełło, the king of Poland, which would include, among other things, allowing the Order to use the “castles” belonging to them whenever they needed. The paper identifies those lords and puts forward a hypothesis concerning the motifs which led them to the betrayal of the Polish monarch. In the appendix two sources are published: the document of 18 June 1388 and the documents of Wierzbięta of Smogulec dated 29 July 1390 and 25 July 1391.

PL

18 VI 1388 r. w Malborku kilku wielkopolskich panów zawarło układ z wielkim mistrzem zakonu krzyżackiego Konradem Zöllnerem von Rotenstein w sprawie udzielenia mu pomocy zbrojnej przeciwko królowi Polski Władysławowi Jagielle, polegającej m.in. na udostępnieniu Krzyżakom na ich każde życzenie należących do nich „zamków”. W artykule dokonujemy identyfikacji owych wielkopolskich panów, przedstawiamy również hipotezy dotyczące pobudek, które doprowadziły ich do popełnienia zdrady wobec polskiego monarchy. W aneksie zostały również opublikowane dwa źródła: wspomniany dokument z 18 VI 1388 r. oraz dokumenty Wierzbięty ze Smogulca z 29 VII 1390 i 25 VII 1391 r.

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Zakon Krzyżacki wobec koronacji elektora brandenburskiego Fryderyka III na króla w Prusach

72%

Kamieński A.

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tom 83

PL

Protest Zakonu Krzyżackiego wobec koronacji elektora brandenburskiego Fryderyka III na króla w Prusach w 1701 r. przebił się na forum ogólnoniemieckie i europejskie. O jego niepowodzeniu zadecydowała ówczesna sytuacja międzynarodowa. Narastający konflikt habsbursko-burboński o sukcesję hiszpańską zmusił cesarza Leopolda I do opowiedzenia się po stronie Hohenzollerna. The protest of the Teutonic Order against the coronation of Frederic III, Elector of Brandenburg, as the king in Prussia in 1701, reached the German and European forum. Its failure was caused by the international situation. The growing conflict between Habsburgs and Bourbons regarding the Spanish succession forced Emperor Leopold I to take Hohenzollern’s side.

6

Monety z badań zamku w Człuchowie w latach 2010–2013

58%

Milejski P.

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tom Tom XXIX

s. 267-278

EN

Eight single coins have been found in archaeological excavations in the Człuchów castle, conducted in the years 2010–2013. The head of the investigation was PhD Michał Starski from Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw. The collected material consisted of four mediaeval and four post-medieval coins. The oldest is a Teutonic Order hohlpfennig, type Gate II , dated to 1327/8–1337/8. The same type of coin was discovered during earlier research. The next coin is a shilling of Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. This coin is in a very poor condition, heavily worn on both sides and broken. Therefore, its identification is hypothetical. The last coins that can be dated broadly on the border between the Middle Ages and the Post-medieval period, 1457–1526, are the two hohlpfennigs minted in Toruń mint. These coins are characterized by the representation of a double cross in the field. The issue of these coins begins in 1457, when King Casimir IV grants the city a mint privilege. Both specimens were subjected to metallographic examination using the SE M-EDS technique. Both pfennigs were assigned to the C1.5 type according to Paszkiewicz typology. The silver content in the tested bracteates is at the level of 60÷74%, with 21÷35% copper admixture. We can see that coins of this type were made of medium quality alloy, as 10–12 lots (625–750/1000). Trace amounts of gold and mercury are also noticeable, but in both cases they can be natural admixtures of ore. The 16th century did not bring any coins. From the 17th century we know three coins - two identified and one hypothetically identified. One one-and-half groschen minted in Elbląg and two shillings were registered – one confidently identified, from the Toruń mint and one with a hypothetically assigned attribution. One-and-half grochen comes from the time when Elbląg was occupied by the Swedish army, which occurred in 1626. It was minted during the times of Gustavus Adolphus, in 1631. The first of the found shillings was issued in the Toruń mint in 1671 during the reign of King Michael. A second coin, which can also be a shilling, due to its appearance and style, we carefully identify as copper shilling of John Casimir, but due to the incompleteness and numerous scratches on both sides of the coin, our identification is uncertain. The last coin recorded during research is the Prussian ½ silver groschen from 1828 minted in the Berlin mint during the times of Frederick William III . We can assume that the coin got into the soil directly from the money circulation, shortly after the issue. Archaeological excavation on one of the most important castles of the Teutonic Order brought new material for research on money circulation in Danzig Pomerania (Pomerelia). All numismatic items unearthed during the works are single finds which is usually used to contain into small commercial transactions. Particularly puzzling is the lack of coins of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – both Polish and Lithuanian – which we know from previous excavation from five specimens. We only noted the uncertainly identified copper shilling of John Casimir. No Gdańsk coin was noted, but three products of the Toruń mint were registered. Reaserch at the Człuchów castle is continued by PhD Michał Starski, and new numismatic finds on this site are only a matter of time.