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EN
This article explores the endeavour to purchase a large tract called “the lands of as-Sirr” (Arab. arāḍī as-Sirr) by two prominent Gazans al-Ḥājj Sacīd Effendi ash-Shawwā and Aḥmad cĀrif Effendi al-Ḥusaynī. These lands were located in the recently established sub-district of Beersheba (Arab. Biʼr as-Sabc). The cAzāzima and Tarābīn tribes attempted unsuccessfully to regain the ownership of the lands after these had been previously temporarily seized by the government. Their return to them was conditioned upon reaching an agreement between the tribes on the division of the lands. In the summer of 1914 the sons of the two above-mentioned Gazan notables offered the Bedouins to arrange with the authorities the return of the lands into their possession in exchange for their subsequent sale for a heavily discounted price. It was rumoured at the time that they intended to sell these lands to the Zionists. In the contemporary Palestinian Arabic press (the newspapers Filasṭīn from Jaffa and al-Karmal from Haifa) this matter was extensively discussed and the notables were criticized for their lack of patriotism and for acting as middlemen for the Zionists. Furthermore, the editor-in-chief of Filasṭīn, Yūsuf al-cĪsā, scolded the notables for taking advantage of the vulnerability of the poverty-stricken Bedouins.
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nr 4
379 – 391
EN
The paper is concerned with the adaptation of members of the Jewish community in Bratislava to the social changes which took place in Czechoslovakia after 1945. The author illustrates the consequences of the Shoa on the demographic structure of the community, forms of the family and value orientations of individuals. He takes note of the attempt of Orthodox believers at a renewal of religious life, but also the conflicts in opinions between traditionally and secularly orientated members of the Jewish Religious Community (ŽNO). He also devotes attention to the Zionist movement. In the second half of the 1940s this played an important role because, particularly for younger people, its ideology replaced religion in the system of values. After the accession to power of the Communist Party the community was obliged to adapt once again to a totalitarian regime. The response to August 1968 was a mass emigration of the younger and middle generation, which notably restricted the activities of the community in the subsequent period. In the period of normalisation the ŽNO, as a “community under control”, concentrated only on basic religious activities. The final part of the study briefly focuses on the situation after November 1989. At that time there was a vigorous attempt at revitalisation. However, the centre of attention was social and cultural activities, not religious life.
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