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1 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 2014

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KDE LEŽEL HLAVNÍ ZDROJ OBSIDIÁNU V PRAVĚKU STŘEDNÍ EVROPY?

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Přichystal A. , Škrdla P.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2014

tom 62

nr 2

215 – 226

Carpathian obsidian represented one of the most important raw materials in prehistoric times of Central Europe. According to the distribution maps, the Slovakian source (Carpathian 1) played the decisive role not only in Slovakia but in the whole Central Europe as well. The provenance of this obsidian was supposed near the village Viničky at the southern margin of the Zemplínske vrchy Mts. But the natural obsidian from the surroundings of Viničky (no sculpture, polyhedral shape, almost non-translucent glassy mass, dimensions of pieces usually up to 3 – 4 cm) has absolutely different properties comparing the appearance of prevalent part of obsidian artefacts (conspicuous sculpture on relics of original surface, a good translucence, common dimensions of pieces above 6 cm and more). We found the occurrence of such shortly transported and sculptured natural obsidians in lenses of probably deluviofluvial gravels in air-borne sands situated in central to NE parts of the Zemplínske vrchy Mts., i. e. in the surroundings of Brehov. In recent time these deluviofluvial or fluvial rocks with obsidian are probably partly covered by younger flood loams or air-borne sands. Our finding shows the mentioned area with about 6 km2 could be the principal source supporting by obsidian Central and SE Europe from the Middle Palaeolithic.