Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Were the oasis-cities of the southern branch of the Silk Road in Tarim Basin, China, dispersed urban complexes?

100%

Hanus K.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2021

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tom 26

89-121

EN

This article reinterprets the urban pattern of the oases of southern Tarim Basin, which flourished in the first half of the first millennium C.E. using the dispersed urban complexes framework. Disperse urban centre, also known as a low-density urban complex, is a site that had an urban function, but its morphology was much different from compact cities of, for example, China or mediaeval Europe. Low-density urban complexes, like Tikal in Mesoamerica or Angkor in South-East Asia, despite their distinct urban functions, had the cityscape consisting of intermingled monumental agriculture, water management features and agricultural field. Thus, the oasis-cities of southern Tarim Basin were different from compact urban centres of neighbouring China and western Central Asia and showed some similarities to complexes like Tikal and Angkor. This article evaluates if those sites can be associated with low-density urbanism. Three selected sites, 尼雅 [Niya], 米兰 [Miran] and 樓蘭 [Loulan], have been evaluated for the presence of characteristic associated with low-density urbanism: dispersed monumental architecture, large scale anthropogenic landscapes modifications, and pattern of alternating housing clusters and agricultural fields. This can affect our understating of both the understanding of urbanism in the region and low-density urbanism on the global scale.

2

Flora assemblages at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Northwest China

88%

Deng S.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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tom Vol. 4, no. 1

278-278

EN

The Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic deposits in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China represent continuous succession and are divided into the Haojiagou Formation, Badaowan Formation and Sangonghe Formation (from base to the top). The Sangonghe Formation is definitely of the Early Jurassic age as based on plant, spore-pollen, conchostracans and bivalves. The ages of the Haojiagou and Badaowan formations are less clear. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary runs somewhere in the uppermost part of the Haojiagou Formation or in the Badaowan Formation as indicated by flora assemblages. Organic carbonaceous isotopic measurement suggests the position of the boundary in question at the base of the Badaowan Formation. The flora of the Haojiagou and the Badaowan Formations may be subdivided into the following assemblages. 1. Danaeopsis fecunda - Cladophlebis ichunensis assemblage. This assemblage is from the lower part of the Haojiagou Formation. It consists of about 20 species, characterized by Danaeopsis fecunda and numerous Cladophlebis. The main species include Danaeopsis fecunda Halle, Todites cf. shensiensis Pan, Cladophlebis ichunensis Sze, Cl. nebbensis (Brongn.) Nathorst, Cl. paralobifolia Sze, Sphenopteris chowkiawanensis Sze, Rireticopteris sp. and Cycadocarpidium sp. It is definitely of the Late Triassic age. 2. Neocalamites - Hausmannia assemblage. This assemblage is from the upper part of the Haojiagou Formation. It is composed of about 10 species with marked dominance of Neocalamites horerensis and Hausmannia xinjiangensis sp. nov. The assemblage is possibly of the Late Triassic age. 3. Todites princeps - Clathropteris elegans, assemblage. This assemblage is from the lower part of the Badaowan Formation, with about 15 species. Todites princes and Clathropteris elegans are dominant in the assemblage. It may be of earliest Early Jurassic age. 4. Coniopteris gaojiatianensis - Cladophlebis denticulata assemblage. This assemblage is abundant and of higher specific diversity. The main elements are: Selaginellites drepanoformis Zheng, Todites williamsoni (Brongniart) Seward, Coniopteris gaojiatianensis Zhang, Cladophlebis denticulata (Brongniart) Fontaine, Cl. gracilis Sze, Cl. hirta Moeller, Cl. cf. shansiensis Sze, Raphaelia diamensis Seward, Ginkgoites sp., Sphenobaiera sp., Czekanowskia rigida Heer, Samaropsis parvula Heer, S. rotundata Heer. It is noticeable that Coniopteris is recorded commonly. The assemblage occurs in the upper part of the Badaowan Formation and is of Early Jurassic age.

3

The attitude of the soviet authorities to the first wave of ‘nomaders’ according to the documents of the ‘special folders’ of the CC CP(B)K

88%

SHOTAYEV M. T. , ALIMGAZINOV K. S. , ZHUGENBAYEVA G.

Historia i Świat

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2022

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nr 11

273-290

EN

The central party organs dealt with all issues of the internal and foreign policy of the republic, led the national economy, public organizations, and personnel policy. Therefore, the documents of the ‘special folders’ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) Kazakhstan reflect various spheres of the life of the republic, which for a long time were not available to researchers due to the highest secrecy stamp imposed. The article deals with one of such areas of the problem – the settlement of Kazakh repatriates and representatives of other nationalities from China, who left during the civil war, collectivization, famine and repressions, who, unable to withstand the attitude of local residents and the persecution of the authorities of the country, republic or regions to which they moved, returned back to Kazakhstan. The ways of solving problems related to their settlement in Soviet farms, organization of trade with them, their cultural services, medical care, their resettlement, maintenance and veterinary services for their livestock are analyzed. Authors describes the reasons and measures to prevent the mass return of "nomads" back to China, despite all the decisions taken, the measures taken by the leadership of the republic in connection with the gaps made by some representatives of local authorities during their placement.

4

Investigation of the prevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in Southern Xinjiang, China

75%

Zhao J.-Y. , Du Y.-Z. , Song Y.-P. , Zhou P. , Chu Y.-F. , Wu J.-Y.

Journal of Veterinary Research

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2021

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tom 65

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nr 2

5

Paper Analyses of Tocharian manuscripts of the Pelliot Collection stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France)

75%

Arnaud-Nguyen E.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

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2020

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tom 14

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nr 3: Asian paper as writing support

385-410

EN

This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC project “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic analyses rely on traces found in the material of the paper which may be the result of the many stages in the life of the document: the raw material, the manufacturing process, the conditions of use and the storage conditions, both ancient and modern. To this day 350 fragments have been observed. Little is known about papermaking in Central Asia. As a consequence, every shred of information must be examined in order to determine the differences from and similarities to paper manufacturing in Xinjiang.

6

„Niemy krzyk” ujgurskiej mniejszości – prawa człowieka w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej

71%

Strzemkowska N.

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tom 17

37-50

EN

The observance of human rights in the People's Republic of China is controversial, and for many years in the public debate there have been reports of violations of the rights of ethnic minorities, in particularly the rights of the Uighurs. The reason for this is the Uyghur-Chinese conflict, which has become one of the factors in the increased repression against the minority in question. Consequently, the current situation of the Uighurs in Xinjiang causes consternation in the international community, which seeks to validate its concerns about the hallmarks of genocide through international law.

PL

Przestrzeganie praw człowieka w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej budzi wiele kontrowersji, od wielu lat w debacie publicznej pojawiają się doniesienia o łamaniu praw mniejszości etnicznych, w szczególności ujgurskiej. Przyczyną takiego stanu rzeczy jest konflikt ujgursko-chiński, który stał się jednym z czynników nasilonej represji wobec omawianej mniejszości. W konsekwencji obecna sytuacja Ujgurów w Xinjiangu wywołuje konsternację wśród społeczności międzynarodowej, która szuka potwierdzenia swoich obaw dotyczących znamion ludobójstwa za pomocą prawa międzynarodowego.

7

Chińska strategia na Bliskim Wschodzie w XXI wieku – ewolucja kluczowych elementów

71%

Brona A.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

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2018

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nr 3

229-242

EN

As a result of the growing status of the People’s Republic of China in the international arena, the self-interest and principles of the foreign policy of this state are changing. In only a few regions of the world, this transformation is as visible as in the Middle East. In the 21st century, China’s engagement in this area was growing dynamically due to three processes: development of the Chinese economy, Beijing’s increasing great-power ambitions and rising instability after the outbreak of the Arab Spring. Strategic goals, which are results of those processes, includes a search for natural resources, promotion of own international initiatives among nations from the region and attempt to resolve local security issues. Nevertheless, growing engagement causes dilemmas, which China has not encounter beforehand. The most important of them is maintaining neutrality in case of conﬂ ict between diﬀ erent partners.

PL

Wraz z rosnącym statusem Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej na arenie międzynarodowej zmieniają się interesy oraz założenia polityki zagranicznej tego państwa. W niewielu regionach świata ta transformacja jest równie widoczna jak na Bliskim Wschodzie. W XXI wieku zaangażowanie Chin na tym obszarze rosło dynamicznie się z powodu trzech procesów: rozwoju chińskiej gospodarki, rosnących ambicji mocarstwowych Pekinu oraz zwiększenia się niestabilności regionu po wybuchu Arabskiej Wiosny Ludów. Wynikające z tego cele strategiczne obejmują pozyskiwanie surowców naturalnych, promowanie własnych inicjatywach międzynarodowych wśród państw regionu i próbę rozwiązania lokalnych problemów bezpieczeństwa. Wrastające zaangażowanie rodzi jednak dylematy, z którymi Chiny się wcześniej nie stykały. Najważniejszym z nich jest zachowanie neutralności w sytuacji konfliktu pomiędzy różnymi partnerami.

8

The Palaearctic genus Shadelphax Ding, 2006 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) with description of one new species from Xinjiang, China

63%

Chen X.-S. , Yang L.

Annales Zoologici

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2012

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tom 62

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nr 2

EN

The Palaearctic genus Shadelphax Ding, 2006 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini) is taxonomically reviewed to include two species: S. eforiae (Dlabola, 1961) (China: Neimenggu, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang; Mongolia; Kazakhstan; Ukraine; Middle Asia) and S. kashiensis sp. nov. (China: Xinjiang). The genus Shadelphax is redefined. The main morphological characters including the male genitalia of the two species are described or redescribed and illustrated.

9

First report of Theileria infection of bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in Xinjiang, China

63%

Li Y. , Li X. , Liu J. , Wang J. , Jia D. , Liu A. , He Z. , Guan G. , Liu Z. , Liu G. , Luo J. , Yin H.

Acta Parasitologica

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2019

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tom 64

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nr 4

10

Ujgurskie dziedzictwo kulturowe w starciu z Chińską Republiką Ludową

63%

Sienko N. J.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2018

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nr 50

EN

Uyghur cultural heritage in the clash with the People’s Republic of ChinaThe main intention of this article is an attempt to answer the question of how the Sino-Uyghur relations affect the cultural heritage of Muslim Uyghurs? The author devoted special attention to the issue of Uyghur ethnic consciousness, which at some stage differentiated the Uyghurs from Chinese civilization. An important part of the work is also an analysis of the contemporary situation in Xinjiang and the problem of growing Uyghur radicalism. A summary of the considerations concerns the analysis of the mechanisms driving the conflict and possible solutions. Ujgurskie dziedzictwo kulturowe w starciu z Chińską Republiką LudowąArtykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób relacje chińsko–ujgurskie rzutują na kulturowe dziedzictwo muzułmańskich Ujgurów? Szczególną uwagę autorka poświęca zagadnieniu etnicznej świadomości Ujgurów, która na pewnym etapie rozwoju zróżnicowała Ujgurów od chińskiej cywilizacji. Ważną część pracy stanowi również analiza współczesnej sytuacji w Xinjiangu oraz problemu narastającego ujgurskiego radykalizmu. Podsumowanie rozważań dotyczy analizy mechanizmów napędzających konflikt i możliwości jego rozwiązania.

11

Molecular detection and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 3 in commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China

63%

Mengfan Q. , Xifeng W. , Guowu Z. , Qingling M. , Jun Q. , Lixia W. , Kuojun C. , Jinsheng Z. , Zaichao Z. , Weiwei Y. , Yelong P. , Xuepeng C.

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2019

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tom 63

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nr 4

12

The Rising Dragon and Wounded Bear: An Analysis of Modern Sino-Russian Political and Economic Relations

51%

Niemczyk G.

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nr 5

131-159

PL

This article is an empirical analysis of modern Sino-Russian Economic and Political Relations based on past events and present data. This issue has recently been an important question for many scholars. Both countries became neighbours only in 17th century, but the history of their mutual relations is much deeper. At a time when China is rising and its position in world affairs is getting stronger, analysis of its foreign policy towards its neighbour is extremely interesting. On the other side of the fence, a former great power, is becoming less important on the world stage: its actions may be important for the worldwide community. This analysis covers political relations, connections and ties in present times. It also explains some cultural obstacles in a hard way to achieve equilibrium in the relations. The part which covers economic relations tries to prove, that the trade imbalance is in China’s favour and that common border issues are extremely significant for both countries. Last but not least the importance of energy cooperation and the obstacles in building common pipeline are covered.

13

A new tritylodontid from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China

51%

Hu Y. , Meng J. , Clark J. M.

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nr 3

385-391

EN

A new genus and species of Tritylodontidae, Yuanotherium minor, is described and compared with other known tritylodontids. The new taxon is represented by a partially preserved upper jaw with three postcanines, collected from the upper part of the Shishugou Formation (Oxfordian, Late Jurassic) in the Wucaiwan area of the Junggar Basin, northwestern Xinjiang, China. Like other tritylodontids its maxillary teeth have three rows of blade−like trenchant cusps separated by deep furrows. The new species differs from other tritylodontids mainly in having posteriormost two cusps of the median row on upper postcanines closely placed. The new tritylodontid may have been omnivorous rather than herbivorous, as previously suggested for tritylodontids in general.