Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

FUTURE GENERATIONS AND CONCEPTS OF WELL-BEING

100%

Berdinesen H.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2018

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tom 73

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nr 4

305 – 317

EN

Because climate change threatens human welfare across the globe, in both near and distant future, we need a philosophical concept of well-being that reflects such a large scope. This article discusses which concept of well-being that yields moral obligations across generations most efficiently. The concept of well-being argued for will also have something specific to say about methods used in climate economy and the concept of sustainable development.

2

The theory of well-being in developmental research on the family: The well-being of parents in the empty nest stage

100%

Wojciechowska L.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2007

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tom 38

|

nr 3

166-174

EN

Over the last few years the value of the holistic approach to studies on the development and functioning of the human being in various stages of life, particularly adulthood, has been more frequently emphasised. At the same time there is also a requirement of conducting research not so much from the perspective of disorders, limitations and regress but from the perspective of achievements, advances and fulfilling a positive developmental programme. This approach is particularly important in relation to a person in mid or late adulthood. It seems that the theory of well-being - the theory of subjective well-being described on three multidimensional dimensions of the personality, emotions and society - meets the requirement of taking a comprehensive and positive view of the individual. Seeing that the sense of well-being may be analysed in reference to various areas of life - professional career, finance, family, it also becomes useful to describe the relations of the parents with their siblings by way of diagnosis of well-being components concerning the performed parental role.

3

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING

100%

Želinský T. , Soroková T. , Petríková D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2018

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tom 50

|

nr 3

334 - 364

EN

The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship between economic characteristics and well-being as one of the components of quality of life. The study is based on microdata obtained from a representative EU-SILC 2013 survey covering the Slovak population age 16 and older. Subjective well-being is reflecting the general mood or affect, including depression, anxiety, and psychologic well-being. The estimated mean value of the total subjective well-being score is 70 (median: 73). The results presented in this study suggest that economic factors are strongly correlated with the level of subjective well-being. The findings propose positive and diminishing returns to income; unemployed people score on average approximately 9 points lower than those who are employed; people living in indebted households have a lower level of subjective well-being than those living in households without debts; and the ability to face unexpected financial expenses increases the level of well-being.

4

MODELLING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WORK-TO-FAMILY CONFLICT, WORK AND FAMILY STRESSORS AND WELL-BEING

100%

Fedáková D. , Dobeš M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2014

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tom 17

|

nr 3

-

EN

The current study examines three structural equation models concerning work-to-family conflict. The predictors and outcomes of work-to-family conflict pertained to family domain, represented by family stressors such as partnership disagreements; to work domain, represented by work stressors such as work demands; and to affective domain, represented by subjective well-being perception. We focus on the relationship between the three domains (work, family, and affective) and work-to-family conflict using the European Social Survey R2 (2004/2005) data. The aim of the study is to explore the bidirectional links between work-to-family conflict and selected factors: work demands, partnership disagreement and subjective well-being. Our results support the spill-over theory (Eby et al. 2010; Champoux, 1978) claiming that the domains of work and family spill over and that work stressors and family stressors can both explain work-family conflict as predictors and be explained by work-family conflict as its outcomes. The results also show reciprocal effects of the affective domain on work-to-family conflict and vice versa.

5

AFFECT REGULATION AND MOTIVE-INCONGRUENT GOAL ORIENTATIONS: RELATION TO WELL-BEING

100%

Gropel P.

Studia Psychologica

|

2008

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tom 50

|

nr 2

137-146

EN

The aim of the present study was to test the hypotheses that (1) the personality disposition of action versus state orientation (i.e., a form of affect regulation) moderates the relationship between stressful life events and building of motive-congruent goals as well as between stress and well-being, and (2) motive-incongruent goal orientations influence well-being negatively. Managers (N = 120) were sampled. The main results were: First, no significant interaction effect of action orientation and life stress on well-being or motive-incongruent goal orientations was found. This was due to a strong action orientation and a low level of stress in the sample used (p < .001 when compared with norm). Because of restricted variance, the moderator hypotheses could not be supported or refuted. Second, motive-incongruent goal orientations correlated with well-being only when action orientation was checked. Thus, action orientation was found to be beneficial for well-being because it suppressed the negative effect of motive-incongruent goal orientations.

6

AGGRESSION AT SCHOOL: BELIEF IN A PERSONAL JUST WORLD AND WELL-BEING OF VICTIMS AND AGGRESSORS

88%

Dzuka J. , Dalbert C.

Studia Psychologica

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2007

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tom 49

|

nr 4

313-320

EN

This paper presents a research study where just world research was applied to the analysis of aggression at school. Based on the previous findings that characterize the belief in a just world (BJW) as a valuable resource for maintaining positive well-being and assimilating injustice, the present studies test the hypotheses that: 1) personal BJW is positively correlated with subjective well-being; 2) this relationship holds for victims and aggressors alike. Overall, findings were in line with our hypotheses. The stronger the adolescents' endorsements of the BJW, the better their well-being. The pattern of results persists when controlled for neuroticism and extraversion. The implications of these results for further studies on aggression, victimization, and well-being are discussed.

7

Determinanty dobrostanu i dobrobytu

88%

Maciejasz-Swiatkiewicz M.

|

2011

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nr 6

171-178

EN

People tend to think that money is the most important factor that make them happy. But not only do economic factors influence our happiness. There are lots of socio-demographic, ecological, cultural or psychological factors that determine our well-being and welfare. However, the problem with happiness is that the same actions can make one person happy but not another. This article presents in what ways all the aforementioned factors can determine our well-being, welfare and influence our happiness. Except for a pure educational use, this knowledge can be very useful for government while deciding about economic changes.

8

COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL SOURCES OF ADOLESCENT WELL-BEING: MEDIATING ROLE OF SCHOOL BELONGING

88%

Šeboková G. , Uhláriková J. , Halamová M.

Studia Psychologica

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2018

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tom 60

|

nr 1

16 – 29

EN

The aim of the study was to explore direct and indirect pathways from cognitive factors (academic and social self-perception) to adolescent well-being through school belonging. The direct and indirect effects of cognitive factors were investigated on both concurrent and prospective well-being indicators. The first data collection was held in the beginning of the school year, the study sample consisted of 139 freshmen of three high schools in Nitra (53 boys, 86 girls, Mage = 15.63, SD = 1.15). The second data collection was held six months later from 109 respondents (40 boys, 69 girls, Mage = 15.16). Self-report questionnaires were utilized. Results showed that school belonging mediated the association between social and academic competence and students’ concurrent optimism, connectedness and happiness. School belonging also mediated the relationship of social competence to prospective optimism, connectedness and happiness. Findings suggest that a developed sense of connection to school in the transition period may promote overall well-being in adolescents.

9

STRATEGIES FOR GOAL-ACHIEVEMENT IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WELL-BEING

88%

Ambrosi-Randic N. , Plavsic M.

Studia Psychologica

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2011

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tom 53

|

nr 1

97-106

EN

Studies related to well-being of older people have been carried out in the past with two types of variables: those reflecting socioeconomic factors, and those referring to psychological and psycho-social variables. Since one of the important psychological variables - goal-achievement strategies - can be different in older age, the relationships between strategy use in older people and their well-being are valuable to explore. In this research the authors used the model of goal-achievement strategies (selection, optimization and compensation) in elderly proposed by Baltes and Baltes (1990). The short version of the SOC questionnaire (Selection, Optimization and Compensation; Baltes et al., 1999), the Global happiness item and the Global satisfaction item as measures of two dimensions of subjective well-being were individually administered to 355 people 65-96 years old in Western Croatia. The results indicate that in goal-achievement, older people with higher level of well-being use more frequently strategies of optimization and compensation, while those with lower level of well-being use the strategy of selection more frequently.

10

Health oriented goals, self-regulatory processes, health behaviors, and well-being

88%

Pasikowski T. , Sek H. , Ziarko M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2005

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tom 36

|

nr 1

25-33

EN

The quality and strength of intention as well as planning are the key self-regulatory processes in health behavior change. The aim of the present study was to test whether the processes resulting in implementation of intention depend not only on planning but also on the sense of agency, an involvement and social influence variables. The study involved 143 voluntary participants, 83 women, 56 men, aged 18-35 with high school or higher education. A set of rating scales and questionnaires was used to measure the self-regulatory processes, health behaviors, well-being and their predictors. The results support the notion that health behaviors and well-being were found to be affected by similar predictors such as the intention strength, completeness and action orientation in planning. High evaluation of developmental goals in health decision making was among crucial predictors of health behaviors. Participants with high levels of self-regulatory indicators used credible social influence sources.

11

SELECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HELPING PROFESSIONALS

88%

Köverová M. , Ráczová B.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 1

-

EN

The research studies focus on several consequences of helping work which can be experienced by helping professionals most often – compassion satisfaction (Stamm, 1999; Stamm, 2010), compassion fatigue (Figley, 1995; Figley, 2002; Stamm, 2010), burnout (Figley, 1995; Figley, 2002; Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996; Stamm, 2010), and perceived stress (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983; Tilley & Chambers, 2003). The research studies suggest that it is possible to increase the level of compassion satisfaction and decrease the level of compassion fatigue (secondary traumatic stress and burnout) among helping professionals by performing self-care activities (Alkema, Linton, & Davies, 2008; Bloomquist et al., 2015; Killian, 2008; Lawson & Myers, 2011). The present research study was therefore focused on the analysis of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, burnout, emotional well-being, and self-care among helping professionals in Slovakia. The first aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of selected, positive and negative, aspects of professional helping (compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, emotional well-being and performed self-care) among the Slovak helping professionals. The second aim of the study was to examine the predictive utility of emotional well-being and self-care activities in explaining the level of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress among helping professionals in Slovakia. The results indicated the higher incidence of positive than negative aspects of helping among helping professionals who experienced higher levels of compassion satisfaction, higher levels of positive emotions; and lower levels of negative emotions, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. The results also suggested that the helping professionals performed more physical than psychological self-care activities. The results indicated the importance of emotional well-being and performed self-care activities in explaining the levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress experienced by Slovak helping professionals working in institutions providing social care for orphans. The findings of the research provide a deeper insight into the positive and negative effects of the professional helping and will be used as a research background in the subsequent preparation of the intervention programmes aimed at promoting compassion satisfaction and eliminating burnout and secondary traumatic stress among helping professionals in Slovakia.

12

OPTIMISM AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADOLESCENTS - BRATISLAVA SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS

88%

Jombikova E. , Kovac D.

Studia Psychologica

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2007

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tom 49

|

nr 4

347-356

EN

Key words are also characterized from the standpoint of the Slovak researchers; optimism from the research data of I. Sarmany Schuller and quality of life in the concept of one of the authors (D.K.). The presumed positive relation of optimism and quality of life was differentiated in the sample of adolescents of both sexes between 15-20 years (N = 321). Four methods were used: scales of life satisfaction (Diener et al.) and optimism-pessimism (Levy), a transformed Bern questionnaire of well-being (Grob et al.) and a short 'flow' scale (Rheinberg - Vollmayer). Older adolescents showed a lesser satisfaction with life; girls worry more about the health problems and relations with parents, teachers and friends than boys. Flow was continuously experienced only by 25%, frequently experienced by 14%. Several correlation analyses are made accessible.

13

OPTIMISM AND WELL-BEING IN HUNGARIAN EMPLOYEES: FIRST APPLICATION AND TEST OF A SITUATIONAL JUDGMENT APPROACH TO EXPLANATORY STYLE

88%

Kovács E. , Martos T.

Studia Psychologica

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2017

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tom 59

|

nr 1

66 – 80

EN

Research on the explanatory style model of optimistic mind-set has burgeoned in the last decades. The present study presents the first examination of a new measure of the optimistic mind-set, the MQ Test. The MQ Test uses 36 personal and work situations for prompting responses; however, it applies a situational judgment test approach. In the present study, cross-sectional data with 437 Hungarian employees showed low to acceptable level of internal consistency and good test-retest reliability for the subscales. Exploratory and confirmative factor analyses provided evidence for separate sub-dimensions of negative (N) and positive (P) events. Accordingly, a 14 item Short MQ Test version was developed with P and N subscales. Structural equation models showed that P and N were differently and positively related to dispositional optimism, hope, self-esteem, self-efficacy and satisfaction with life. The limitations and potential merits of the MQ Test are discussed, along with its potential further development.

14

AFFECT REGULATION AND DECISION MAKING IN HEALTH-CARE PROFFESIONALS: TYPOLOGY APPROACH

88%

Kamhalová I. , Halama P. , Gurňáková J.

Studia Psychologica

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2013

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tom 55

|

nr 1

19 – 31

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between affect regulation styles and decision making in health-care professionals. The authors suppose that emotions and affect regulation are closely connected with decision making in the professional situations. 133 health-care professionals participated in the study which employed Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, Measure of Affect Regulation Styles, Multidimensional Health States Scale and subjective measure of decision making effectiveness. Using the cluster analysis, the authors derived a typology of four types based on affect regulation strategies and well-being and ill-being variables. The individual types were compared in regard to decision making styles and decision self-efficacy. The results showed that highest subjective effectiveness and vigilance were found in types with high cognitive and behavioural engagement. Low subjective effectiveness with high hyper-vigilance, buck-passing and procrastination were found in types with low use of all affect regulation strategies, especially when they were connected with the higher ill-being.

15

EVERYDAY GOALS, RELIGIOUS MOTIVATIONS, AND WELL-BEING: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMOTIONS

75%

Martos T. , Sallay V. , Kézdy A.

Studia Psychologica

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2013

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tom 55

|

nr 3

221 – 227

EN

Building on previous conceptualization of different religious reasons for goal striving we tested whether normative religious motivation (NRM, e.g., following church norms) and transcendental religious motivation (TRM, e.g., striving for spiritual communion with the transcendent) for personal projects predict positive and negative emotions as well as well-being indices. In this cross-sectional study 396 Hungarian adults rated their most characteristic everyday goals from the aspect of their religious reasons (NRM and TRM) and the positive and negative emotions associated to them, and also scored their satisfaction, level of self-actualization, and meaningfulness regarding these goals. The results showed that NRM was associated with negative emotions, while TRM was connected more to positive emotions. Moreover, emotional meaning of the projects mediated between the religious reasons for projects and well-being.

16

INDIVIDUAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS OF MENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS AMONG SLOVAK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

75%

Orosová O. , Benka J. , Bavoľár J.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2017

|

tom 20

|

nr 3

-

EN

The first aim of this study was to explore how much variance in the health indicators, emotional well-being (EWB) and depressive symptoms (M-BDI) can be explained by a set of individual and psychosocial factors: gender, social support, self-regulation, perceived stress and resilience. Secondly, this study aimed to explore the indirect effect of perceived stress on mental health indicators through the resilience among university students. The final aim was to test whether this indirect effect is moderated by social support, or, in other words, whether it depends on the level of social support. 237 students from four universities in Eastern Slovakia took part in this study (79.4% females, all aged 18 – 35, mean age 19.94, SD = 1.54). The collection of the data was part of the SLiCE (Student Life Cohort in Europe) research project. This study extends previous research - based knowledge regarding the relationship between perceived stress, resilience and mental health indicators by using a comprehensive model to predict health indicators as well as through the exploration of the indirect effect that perceived stress has on mental health indicators. These findings suggest that students with a higher level of stress perception and lower level of resilience as well as lower social support were exposed to the risk of depressive symptoms development. This supports the importance of resilience enhancing especially among students with lower levels of social support under stressful life conditions. This study contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of perceived stress and mental health by exploring the role of resilience and corroborates the importance of social support and resilience-based intervention. The main limitations of the present study were that all the data were obtained via self-report measures and through online data collection.

17

WHO IS HAPPY IN POST-SOCIALIST SLOVENIA?: POLITICAL LEGITIMACY AND THE DYNAMIC OF THE “HAPPINESS GAP”

75%

Malnar B. , Kurdija S. , Bernik I.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2017

|

tom 20

|

nr 4

-

EN

The article starts from the premise that the legitimacy of the post-socialist order is strongly related to its ability to generate a level of happiness among the lower social strata that is not significantly lower than the happiness enjoyed by the privileged social strata. We used three waves of the Slovenian Public Opinion Survey and seven waves of the European Social Survey to explore the hypothesis that the average level of happiness in Slovenia is higher in the post-socialist period than during the socialist period, due to Slovenia’s relative prosperity and new democratic circumstances. World-wide happiness analyses by Inglehart et al. (2008) also addressed the link between levels of life satisfaction and system legitimacy. The authors conclude that society’s level of well-being is intimately related to the legitimacy of the socioeconomic and political system. In addition to examining the general trend, we set out to explore the social distribution of happiness over time, i.e. the happiness (trend) distinguished by two basic social strata. In light of the transition effect, we explored another explanatory factor; namely optimism. In times of rapid social change an important mediating factor for personal happiness is likely to be the perception of future opportunities. Our analysis confirmed that optimism plays an important role in the subjective self-assessments of happiness. With the exception of health, optimism is the strongest predictor of happiness, which suggests that an optimistic outlook does have the potential to compensate for the current lack of material standards among the ‘losers’ of transition. However, during the period of economic recession which began to affect Slovenia in 2009, the gap has shown a peculiar dynamic. Moreover, even with the recent recovery of economic growth and the cessation of the austerity measures law, some of their elements remain in place and they are precisely those that target primarily the middle class.

18

Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample

75%

Fajkowska M. , Derryberry D.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2010

|

tom 41

|

nr 1

1-7

EN

The presented study was focused primarily on a psychometric analysis of the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), but they also enhanced the understanding of the role of effortful attentional skills in determining the individual well-being, general adaptation or emotional disorders. The analyses included basic item and scale descriptions as well as convergent and discriminant validity. 218 Polish undergraduate students completed the battery of the self-report techniques and two paper - pencil attentional tests. Data revealed a unidimensional of a 20-item ACS. It can be used validly to assess long-term individual differences in attentional skills related to the voluntary executive functions. The analysis of content, internal and construct validity as well as reliability provided evidence of the scale's significant convergent and discriminant validity when correlated with attentional tests and other personality techniques. We found strong, systematic relations between the attentional control and selected measures of temperament, arousal, emotionality, and motivation. The results allow assuming that good attentional control, may protect individuals from the emotional disorders by regulating perceptual, conceptual, and response processing.

19

QUALITY OF LIFE: A PARADIGMATIC CHALLENGE TO PSYCHOLOGISTS

75%

Kovac D.

Studia Psychologica

|

2003

|

tom 45

|

nr 2

81-101

EN

In implicit psychology, Western culture primarily equates quality of life with good health, a well-functioning family and then with the possession of material goods or mammon - money. According to the political élite in advanced countries, the quality of life is ensured mainly by economy - height of the GDP symbolized mainly by the cost of the shopping basket. But what about the sick, the handicapped and the aging? The non-quality of their life was first noticed by medical experts in the early 30s of the 20th century. They primarily underlined relief from pain - discomfort, independence from medicaments, medical aids, the milieu. More or less in parallel with them, the quality of life also came to be noted by psychologists. Their principal criteria for it came to be subjective experiencing of satisfaction, well-being and happiness. Gradually, the phenomenon of quality of life became a subject of scrutiny by sociologists, environmentalists, political scientists; their numerous criteria for the quality of life are selectively dealt with here. The present study understandably lays stress on the psychological concepts of the quality of life. The principal terms are delimitated in confrontation with the views of various authors, methodical procedures are dealt with as problematic issues and certain methods.The author gives an outline of his own model of the quality of life which, in comparison with existing concepts, and underlines especially the basal (universal) plane, from the individual-specific (civilizing) and meta (cultural-spiritual) level. Quality of life represents a mega-problem for the oncoming epoch of mankind, bringing along paradigmatic changes in psychology, both on the theoretical plane and in application: from psycho-correction, psychotherapy, to optimization and prevention. These are the aims of the new challenge to psychologists for developing positive psychology.

20

PSYCHOLOGY OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF SLOVAK PSYCHOLOGISTS

75%

Kovac D.

Studia Psychologica

|

2007

|

tom 49

|

nr 2

101-116

EN

A survey of conceptual, theoretical and methodological studies and apprehension of the quality of life. Following a brief historical review, the survey illustrates an integration model of the quality of life, which distinguishes between basal (universal), individual (civilizing) and elite (cultural-spiritual) quality of life; the meaning of life operates there as a systematic (universal) psycho-regulator of 'good' life. Up to now, the Slovak psychologists have not created a specific method of their own, they have adapted several methods from abroad, e.g. WHOQOL-BREF, Bern Questionnaire of Well-Being, Irish SEIQoL and others. Listed in the references are major specialized events (workshops and conferences) on the quality of life in the Slovak Republic in 1994 - 2006 as well as corresponding the grant research projects. The study concludes with the demands for plausible psychological research of the quality of life as the new paradigm for a positive psychology movement.