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ZUR MOBILITÄT VON KRIEGERN AM ÜBERGANG VON DER ÄLTEREN ZUR JÜNGEREN RÖMISCHEN KAISERZEIT IM LICHTE DER VERBREITUNG DER DOPPELDORNSCHNALLEN

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Andrzejowski J. , Madyda-Legutko R.

Študijné zvesti

2018

nr 64

55 - 80

At the end of the early Roman Iron Age and the beginning of the younger Roman Iron Age (phases B2b–C1a) a characteristic element of the outfit of warriors in the central European Barbaricum are relatively broad belts fastened with a rectangular buckle with a double tongue. The buckles are a rather mixed group in terms of the construction of their frame, proportions and size, the shape of the tongue (forked or H-shaped), the presence (or not) of a chape, ornamentation, and also, their material. Recent years have significantly added to our record on buckles with a double tongue from the European Barbaricum, as shown by the increase of the number of these finds from c. 105 to over 240 specimens, largely thanks to the newly gained access to archival materials from the territory of the former East Prussia. The map of the distribution of broad belts fastened with a buckle with a double tongue and fitted with a heavy strap-end (eg, with a ring- or a sub-rectangular terminal) in the European Barbaricum, phases B2b and C1a, is almost certain to be a reflection of contacts between groups of warriors originating from different cultural environments, and definitely, of their substantial mobility. This is true particularly of warriors from the territory of the Przeworsk Culture, West Balt Bogaczewo and Dollkeim-Kovrovo Cultures, and presumably, also of the Wielbark Culture. Apparently, from this region buckles with a double tongue spread to the lands on the Elbe, Jutland and the islands of Denmark. It is reasonable to attribute finds of these buckles recorded south of the Carpathians to Przeworsk Culture influences, and recognize bronze buckles found to the north of the Black Sea as evidence of the penetration of the Pontic region by the Wielbark Culture people. The latter interpretation would be confirmed by references in the written sources to the migration of Gothic peoples to the land of Oium.