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1

ROZDELENIE A FAKTORY NAJVYŠŠÍCH MIEZD ZAMESTNANCOV V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE

100%

Pacáková V. , Linda B. , Sipková Ľ.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 9

918 – 934

EN

This article contains the results of analysis of the highest wages of the employees in the Slovak Republic in 2010 using the methods of statistical inference. The information from the sample of the employees with wage higher than the 99th percentile of sampling data is generalized to the population using the Pareto distribution of wages. There are also identified the factors that have a significant impact on the frequency and on the level of extreme wages. These factors are gender, classification of occupations, industry, region of residence and age interval. The analysis has not confirmed a significant effect of the factor level of education on the amount of gross monthly salary of the employees in Slovakia with wage exceeds the upper percentile. According to these factors the paper identified groups of employees with the highest proportion or with the highest level of gross monthly salaries higher than 99th percentile in Slovakia in 2010.

2

NÁVRATNOST TERCIÁRNÍHO VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ V RŮSTU KOMPETENCÍ A PLATU: MEZINÁRODNÍ SROVNÁNÍ

88%

Anýžová P.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2017

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tom 49

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nr 1

5 – 36

EN

This paper is pursuing two main objectives. Firstly, it maps the impact of higher education on shaping literacy and numeracy cognitive competencies. Secondly, it compares the financial returns to tertiary bachelor and master education and cognitive skills acquired at this level of education among 17 countries participating in the international survey of adult skills PIAAC (2011 – 2012). Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the returns to various fields of study. For the purpose of international comparison, structural modelling was applied. The results confirm that, conditional on age and gender, the contributions of the university degree to literacy and numeracy skills are greater in countries with high innovation potential (e.g. Finland, Japan) than in countries with low innovation potential (e.g. Russia, Slovakia). As expected, countries with a high innovation potential exhibit lower financial returns both at the level of bachelor studies (9-20 % salary increase) and master's degree studies (20-35 %). In contrast, in countries with a lower innovation potential the returns to bachelor studies fluctuates under the same conditions between 25-40 % of salary increase and master degree studies around 30-50 %. The increase of cognitive skills across the European countries is very similar, ranging around 10 % (conditional on education), providing that the increase in the numeracy competencies affects the wage conditions slightly more favourably than the increase in reading skills. Another important finding is that in countries with lower innovation potential, controlling for measured competencies, the returns to humanities and social-science disciplines often exceed (by around 8 %) the returns to technical subjects while in countries with the highest innovation potentials returns to technical fields is around 17 % higher than returns to humanities and social sciences. In the future it can be expected that in transitive countries, hand in hand with the economic development, the financial returns to university degree fields of study may change significantly.

3

ON THE REGIONAL CONVERGENCE OF INCOME AT DISTRICT LEVEL IN SLOVAKIA

88%

Pauhofová I. , Želinský T.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 10

918 – 934

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate regional convergence of income at district level in Slovakia, and to answer the question of whether Slovak districts converge or diverge over time, and across different sectors of the Slovak economy. Our analyses are based on monthly income data on median wages and old-age pensions at district territorial level (LAU 1), and two types of convergence are assessed: convergence towards national median income and convergence towards regional (NUTS 3 regions) median income. Using the Markov chains on the spatially lagged bimonthly district medians we find that the highest degree of wages convergence is found in the districts of Banská Bystrica, Žilina and Nitra Regions; and the highest degree of old-age pensions convergence is found in the districts of Košice and Banská Bystrica Regions. The given trends are influenced by the wages development in different economic activity sectors in these regions.

4

OSOBITOSTI VÝVOJA A ŠTRUKTÚRY PRÍJMOV V SLOVENSKEJ EKONOMIKE

88%

Morvay K.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 4

327 – 343

EN

In Slovak economy a structure of income (on macro-level) has formed, which is far from the usual income structure in advanced economies. The wage share significantly lagged (and declined further). The wages were largely substituted by mixed income of self-employed persons. This kind of income restructuring is associated with risks for some segments of public finance (especially for sectors financed from social contributions). While the economic performance level converged gradually to the level of most advanced economies, the income structure was more on the path of divergence. Changes in the income structure were driven by shifts in sectorial composition of the economy (e.g. expansion of branches with low wage share), but also by technological progress within sectors and branches (e.g. growth of capital intensity).

5

THE CATCH-UP PROCESS OF RELATIVE WAGES IN EUROPEAN UNION NEW MEMBER STATES

75%

Uçak H.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

360 – 370

EN

In 2004, European Union underwent the largest single expansion, both in terms territory, number of states and population. After that, economic effects of accession for the new member states have been studied with different aspects in European Union integration literature. This paper focus on the labour market aspect and it is aimed to investigate the existence of catch-up process for eight EU new member states’ relative wages. The relative wages are measured by a ratio of new member states to old member with Germany as a representative country and the convergence analysis is applied to testify the process of wage disparities. The results show the existence of convergence and that the wages in new member states have been closer to high-wage level countries’ after joining EU.

6

REÁLNA KONVERGENCIA V STREDOEURÓPSKYCH KRAJINÁCH Z POHĽADU BALASSA-SAMUELSONOVHO MODELU

75%

Okáli I.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 5

423 – 439

EN

Assumptions and relations of the Balassa-Samuelson model permit under-stand the development of real convergence in Central European countries. Quantification of the Balassa-Samuelson effect (BSE) found its intensive formation in the years 1996 – 2008 and the cessation of it in the crisis period 2009 – 2013. It was confirmed the BSE size depends on productivity increasing in the segment of economy producing negotiable goods. The economic crisis weakened market mechanism, which in times of economic prosperity give rise to BSE. Therefore are seeking both industrial policy capable of supporting the creation of BSE and parts of economy suitable for its use. While continuing to promote foreign investment it is advised to encourage innovative activity and employment widening in the domestic business sector, especially in its SMEs.

7

TRAJECTORIES IN THE CZECH LABOUR MARKET: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION-PROCESSING SKILLS AND EDUCATION

75%

Koutná M. , Janíčko M.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 1

3 – 27

EN

The article assesses the role of information-processing skills and education in people’s labour market trajectories in the Czech Republic in the period of economic recovery from 2011/2012 to 2015. We examine the extent to which literacy and numeracy and formal and informal education influenced changes in the stability of individuals’ employment and their income mobility, incorporating polarisation and segmentation perspectives. The analysis is conducted using a unique combination of Czech PIAAC data and a follow-up survey. The findings show that formal education compared to information-processing skills and further education is by far the most important factor of change in a person’s position in the labour market while the role of skills is only limited.

8

Organizaciya oplaty praci na pidpryyemstvax: problemy v umovax obmezhenosti resursiv

75%

Sabadash V. V. , Chervyatsova O. V.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2015

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tom 3 (69)

6-14

EN

This article provides a critical analysis of the main approaches to remuneration (in the context of national experience and practices) and studied the situation with the state average wage in the sectors of national economy. Features of the enterprises with limited financial and material resources allow distinguishing major financial, economic, legal and social factors influence the level of remuneration. In the case of industrial food research procedures of cost accounting of labour and working time and payroll. Based on the results of the analysis of economic data on the companies offered practical recommendations for improving the procedures of wages at the company and how they stimulate workers with limited financial resources that will optimize the processes of production and sales, reduce the loss of time and material resources, increase employee motivation.

9

WAGE DETERMINANTS AND ECONOMIC CRISIS 2008 – 2014: EVIDENCE FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC

75%

Balcar J. , Gottvald J.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 1

3 – 21

EN

The economic crisis, which began in 2008, is over. The Czech economy experienced strong GDP growth in 2015 and predictions for further years are also positive. Now, it is the time to assess impacts of the crisis period 2008 – 2014 on wage determination. Therefore, this paper focuses on a) identification of wage determinants, whose remuneration changed significantly during the examined period; b) assessment of sensitivity of wage returns to GDP development. The analysis was performed on individual data on ca 36% of all employees in the Czech Republic. The results showed significant increase of returns to white-collar occupation and a decrease of returns to education during the years 2008 – 2014. Also remuneration of many company characteristics was affected significantly. Further analysis revealed that returns to particular wage determinants are only rarely influenced by GDP development.

10

DETERMINANTS OF INDIVIDUAL WAGES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

75%

Gottvald J. , Rievajová E. , Šipikalová S.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 7

672 – 689

EN

The wage development is an important part of society. The release of wage developments in Slovakia resulted in a significant income differentiation, which found its reflection in the quality of life of inhabitants. After the initial causes of the increase in wage differentiation due to transformation the attention has focus on an exploration of new factors that affect the wage assessment of an individual. The aim of this paper is captured by the wage equations several determinants affecting the level of wages in the Slovak Republic. In this paper analysis of wage determinants is based on data from the survey Information system on labour cost, which is realized by the company Trexima Bratislava.