Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

PRIORITIZATION AND INTERFERENCE OF EMOTIONAL INFORMATION IN BRIEFLY PRESENTED SCENES: SELECTION ADVANTAGE FOR POSITIVE EMOTIONAL SCENES

100%

Porubanova M. , Clarke J. , Priefer R. , Erol M.

Studia Psychologica

|

2020

|

tom 62

|

nr 4

335 – 349

EN

Previous studies have repeatedly demonstrated the attentional prioritization of emotional information over neutral information. However, the parsing of interference from negative and positive stimuli has not received the same attention. In the study reported here, we examined the effect of real-world visual scenes of neutral, positive, and negative valence, as well as the effect of both high- and low-arousal (differentially categorized based on their arousal and valence ratings) on scene gist identification. Using a partial-report paradigm, participants were asked to report the gist of a post-cued scene from a briefly-presented array of four scenes. Scene gist identification performance was significantly higher for positive scenes, regardless of arousal, than for negative scenes. All emotional scenes, regardless of valence and arousal, interfered with reporting the gist of neutral scenes. The findings support the hypothesis that emotional scenes more often interfere with processing of neutral scenes and are selectively attended to during briefly-presented scene arrays. Moreover, the results suggest that the identification and the interference of positive, high-arousal scenes are prioritized in visual information processing.

2

VERBAL AND SPATIAL MEMORY WORKLOAD CHANGES SACCADIC REACTION TIMES (Obciazenie pamieci werbalnej i przestrzennej zmienia charakterystyke czasowa skokowych ruchow oka)

100%

Tarnowski A.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

|

2009

|

tom 19

15-32

EN

Understanding of visual perception requires explanation of the interactive functioning of working memory and visual selection system, especially problem of common attentional resources involved in both of them (Mitchell et al. 2002). The review of theories of saccade generation and working memory supplied a hypotheses concerning existence of common resources, and rules of its distribution. In experiments, saccadic reaction times (SRT) were investigated as a function of increasing verbal and spatial working memory workload. In first experiment linear decreasing of SRTs has been demonstrated, in second investigation increasing SRTs as an effect of growing memory workload has been observed. The data has been interpreted in terms of automation and control of eye movements. When verbal memory workload biased central executive eye movements became more automated and faster. In second experiment both tasks used common structure- spatial sketch pad- what explains prolongation of SRTs.

3

The Development of Visual Attention in Deaf Children in Relation to Mother's Hearing Status

100%

Chasin J. , Harris M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2008

|

tom 39

|

nr 1

1-8

EN

Patterns of visual attention during free-play in deaf children with deaf (Dd) and hearing mothers (Dh) were compared at 9, 12 and 18 months. Dd children were more likely to look at their mother's face spontaneously than Dh children at all ages although spontaneous looking increased significantly at 18 months for both groups. The proportion of responsive looks declined at 12 months for the Dd group but not until 18 months for the Dh group. Elicited looking was more common in the Dd group and, at 12 months, a greater proportion of these looks were to the mother's face. Overall the results suggest that Dd children show greater sensitivity to the communicative significance of their mother's face in the second year of life.

4

O pożytkach z teorii średniego zasięgu

100%

Krejtz I. , Krejtz K. , Bielecki M.

Psychologia Społeczna

|

2008

|

tom 3

|

nr 1(6)

73-86

EN

Psychophysiological experimental methods are getting more and more popular in all fields of psychology. They find applications especially in projects concerning information acquisition and processing in social cognition. The article presents a contemporary understanding of visual attention processes and well established behavioral methods of investigating research problems concerning them, as well as presenting the potential of psychophysiological methods in this field. The paper focuses on eye gaze acquisition methods as most appropriate for visual attention research. Basing on the newest literature, the authors present advantages and limitations of those methods. We also propose a new method that allows for reconstruction of dynamical patterns of visual attention with a combination of behavioral and psychophysiological measures.

5

VISUAL ATTENTION TO HEALTH WARNINGS IN TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS: AN EYE-TRACKING RESEARCH BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS

88%

Crespo A. , Cabestrero R. , Grzib G. , Quiros P.

Studia Psychologica

|

2007

|

tom 49

|

nr 1

39-51

EN

Using a physiological eye-tracking approach, previous research has suggested that novel health warnings inserted in tobacco ads capture visual attention better than mandated ones. Nonetheless, no up-to-date studies have analyzed the eye movement behavior between smokers and non-smokers to examine the presence of attentive biases towards the warnings. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of new text-only warning labels in capturing and holding visual attention, taking into account the presence or absence of smoking habit (smokers vs. non-smokers). Three versions of an ad were used: version 1 was the original ad including the mandated warning message, and versions 2 and 3 were modifications of the original message. A sample of 132 Spanish participants (50% smokers and 50% non-smokers) freely explored one version of the ad while eye movements were recorded. Eye tracking was used as an index of the attentive deployment towards the health message. Immediately after ads presentation, the participants also completed a masked memory task. The results indicated a better recall of the original version of the warning than newer ones. Moreover, contrary to the previous research, the eye movement data showed that new warnings inserted in tobacco ads were neither more quickly attended than mandated message nor cognitively processed to a greater extent. Finally, our results did not reveal the presence of attentive biases for the warning labels embedded in the ad, suggesting that the time spent looking at the warning message, as well as the ability to remember it, appear to be identical for the smokers and non-smokers. Overall, our research offers some significant implications for the development of tobacco advertising policies.