Multiplication of tree ferns using the traditional methods, i.e. the sowing of spores, is a very difficult task, characterised by low efficiency. It seems that in vitro culture of gamatophyte could be employed to overcome these difficulties. Experiments with vegetative propagation of tree ferns have been carried out in our lab over the last few years. The following species C. australis (R.Br), C. brownii (Domin), C. capensis, C. dealbata (G.Forst.)SW., C. dregei Kunze , C. giganthea, C. medullaris, C. smithii Hook f., C. spinulosa, Cyathea sp Sm were the subjects of our studies. Experiments were carried out with the use of two basal agar media: Murashige and Skoog (1962) and Knop medium. Various concentrations of minerals of the studied media were used. It was proved that the time required for the germination of sown spores on agar medium depended on the species and concentration of used mineral ingredients of the studied media. Finally, numerous plants were obtained only from C. australis and C. Cooperi.
Experiments were carried out on (cvs. Wat and Hetman).L.luteus (cvs. Topaz and Iryd), (cv, Remik), and . For culture initiation 5- and 14-day-old seedling explants were used. The of the was stimulated by various media but the universal one appeared to be Gamborg's B5 medium solidified with Gelrite. For each investigated species a medium assuring 100% rooting of explants was developed. The most effective combination of growth substances for multiplication of L. hispanicus was found. Cotyledonary node explants, cultured on medium supplemented with benzyladenine and with or without naphthaleneacetic acid were stimulated to undergo in 4 and 2, for L. hispanicus and L. albus, respectively. Plantlets obtained from all experiments were easily potted.
After overcoming the main disadvantages of the yellow lupin (hard seed coat, pod shattering, high alkaloid content), a great breeding progress has been achieved over a relatively short period. Further genetic improvement of cultivars of this species is justified by its importance in crop rotation, high protein content of seeds (about 45 %) and ability to grow on poor soils. Major achievements, present cultivar ideotypes and future breeding aims are presented in this paper. A review of investigations on the range of variation and the mode of inheritance of the breeding characters described so far is also included. The range of expression and the practical value of 43 alleles in 20 loci is presented for the following characters: alkaloid content, pod shattering, growth rhythm, colour of plants, flowers and seed coat, plant branching pattern, and resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses. Typelines and/or cultivars with the most characteristic expression of the described characters/alleles are considered (all available in the Polish Lupin Gene Bank). Presented are also the improvements made so far using tissue culture and biotechnology in all lupin species (because exclusive investigations on L. luteus were not numerous), including the following aspects: vegetative propagation, embryo culture, embryo rescue culture, haploidization, protoplasts and somatic hybridization and transformation.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.