Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Stabilization of "Instability" : Consequences of Fixed-Term Employment for Collective Labour Relations

100%

Zalewski D.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2012

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nr nr 1 (ang) The Precariat?

8-14

EN

The results of quantitative analyses do not leave any doubts that the situation of workers with fixed-term contracts, measured for instance by the amount of income or frequency of unemployment spells, is much worse than the situation of people with open-ended employment contracts. However, what results from the thoroughly conducted statistical analyses does not translate into subjectively perceived differentiation of statuses that are perceptible under qualitative research. Firstly, we have to do not only with absence of articulated status differentiations, but simply with acceptance of the current state of affairs as something common and normal (hypothesis 1). Secondly (hypothesis 2), the labour law does not establish privileges on the basis of the nature of an employment contract, and work experience of the workers with fixed-term contracts unambiguously indicates that their position and relations within the structure of labour relationships in an enterprise do not differ at all from those of people with open-ended contracts. Third (hypothesis 3), the assessments made by persons employed on the basis of fixed-term contracts are referred to a great extent to the status of the unemployed, who are the actual "losers" of changes made under the transformation. Fourth (hypothesis 4), the acceptance of the underemployed status results from the commonly shared belief that an efficient economy has to be based on competition, and flexible forms of employment after all represent one of the essential elements thereof. (fragment of text)

2

Influence of Unemployment Benefit on Duration of Registered Unemployment Spells

100%

Bieszk-Stolorz B. , Markowicz I.

Equilibrium

|

2015

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tom 10

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nr nr 3

167-183

EN

The purpose of the article is to present the analysis of the influence of unemployment benefit on the duration of registered unemployment spells. The authors made a hypothesis that the very fact of receiving the benefit extends the job seeking time and determines the intensity of unemployment exit. The power of this influence varies depending on a subgroup the unemployed person belongs to. The study was conducted on the basis of data from the Poviat Labour Office in Sulęcin. The data were collected as a part of the European Union project implementation. The analysis covered two periods of time - before and after Poland's accession to the European Union and the subsequent changes in legal regulations concerning unemployment benefits. The authors observed separate cohorts of the unemployed registered in 2001 and 2005. The closing dates of the observations were: the end of 2003 and 2007, respectively. Also, the authors examined whether the EU projects implemented after 2004 had an effect on the length of the unemployment spells as well as on the intensity of the unemployment exit. The study confirmed the research hypotheses. The fact of claiming the unemployment benefit prolonged the unemployment spells in both periods of observation. The loss of the right to the benefit increased the probability of de-registration in each sub-group. (original abstract)

3

Unemployment Duration Tables

100%

Bieszk-Stolorz B. , Markowicz I.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2016

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nr vol. 5, t. 325

77-85

XX

Celem artykułu jest konstrukcja tablic trwania w bezrobociu rejestrowanym. Jest to model nieparametryczny czasu trwania określonego zjawiska (nazywany tabelarycznym). Najczęściej jest stosowany w demografii jako tablice trwania życia (wymieralności). Tablice kohortowe zostaną skonstruowane w oparciu o dane indywidualne z Powiatowego Urzędu Pracy w Szczecinie. Kohortą są osoby bezrobotne zarejestrowane w 2012 roku i obserwowane do końca 2013 roku. Zdarzeniem kończącym epizod jest wyrejestrowanie z powodu podjęcia pracy. Pozostałe dane przyjęto za cenzurowane. Jednym z elementów tablicy trwania jest intensywność hazardu. Intensywności wychodzenia z bezrobocia zostaną porównane w podgrupach kohorty. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The purpose of the article is to construct the registered unemployment duration table. The table is a non-parametric model (also called a tabular model) showing the duration of a given phenomenon. In demography it is most often used as a life (or mortality) table. We will construct the cohort tables on the basis of individual data provided by the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin. The cohort will consist of unemployed individuals registered in 2012 and observed by the end of 2013. The event regarded as the one ending the unemployment spell will be the moment of an individual's de-registration from the PLO due to finding employment. The remaining data have been considered censored. One of the elements of the table is hazard intensity. We will compare the intensities of unemployment exits in the cohort subgroups. (original abstract)

4

Labor Market Policies and Unemployment in the Czech Republic

100%

Terrell K. , Sorm V.

Journal of Comparative Economics

|

1999

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tom 27

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nr nr 1

33-60

XX

Autorzy oceniają wpływ aktywnej polityki na rynku pracy (APRP) oraz systemu zasiłków dla bezrobotnych na długość okresu bezrobocia różnych grup ludności w Czechach. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że programy APRP skutecznie poprawiły funkcjonowanie rynku pracy. System zasiłków spełnił swoją funkcję ochronną i nie wydłużył nadmiernie okresu pozostawania bez pracy. Wskutek dobrego funkcjonowania tych instrumentów wzrósł poziom społecznej akceptacji bolesnej transformacji ustroju.

EN

The authors analyze the impact of the active labor market policies (ALMPs) and the unemployment compensation system (UCS) on unemployment durations of different groups in the Czech population by estimating hazard functions with new microeconomic data. They conclude that these programs were effective in improving the functioning of the labor market. The UCS system has allowed the unemployed to search for jobs but has not prolonged unduly unemployment spells. This analysis of the effectiveness of ALMPs on unemployment durations shows that job brokering shortened spells of the groups that tended to have longer unemployment durations, i.e., women, Romanies, the handicapped, less educated persons, and those with an unemployment history. The results suggest that the UCS and the ALMPs increased the social acceptability of the painful economic transition.

5

Multiple unemployment spells duration in Poland

100%

Gałecka-Burdziak E.

Collegium of Economic Analysis SGH - Working Papers

|

2016

|

nr nr 19

10

EN

I study multiple unemployment spells. I refer to Poland, as this country experiences high incidence of the long-term unemployment and long mean incomplete unemployment duration. I estimate conditional risk set model for multiple spells, and Cox model for 1st to 5th spell, separately. I use time-to-event data (complete spells) for almost 435000 individuals in the 2007-2014 period from five public employment offices. Almost 99% of the individuals have up to 5 spells, but "only" 60% of them experience one complete spell. I find that subsequent unemployment spells are on average shorter, but slightly more individuals experience longer subsequent spells. Thus, those who exit either learn how to seek job or decide to leave the pool. Younger males with primary education are better off at leaving the pool, but the impact of sex and education diminishes in subsequent spells. Tertiary education, since 2nd spell, also entails higher hazard of leaving the pool. Results indicate heterogeneity among job seekers and mismatch between job seekers and job vacancies (as public employment offices often have low quality job offers). (original abstract)

6

Labour-market Reforms in Transition Economies

100%

Boeri T.

Oxford Review of Economic Policy

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1997

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tom 13

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nr nr 2

126-140

XX

Reformy prorynkowe na rynku pracy w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej są bacznie obserwowanym polem doświadczalnym dla krajów OECD. Autorzy przedstawiają najważniejsze wnioski z przeprowadzonych eksperymentów.

EN

Several lessons can be drawn from the natural experiments of Central and Eastern European countries with labour-market policies. Two of them are particularly relevant also for OECD countries. First, it is not wise to reduce the duration of unemployment benefits when the length of unemployment spells are on the rise, unless (I) unemployment is still low and there is the administrative capacity to implement active labour-market policies on a wide scale or (II) there are income support schemes of the last resort in place and an administration capable of cost-effectively enforcing work-tests for those falling off unemployment benefit compensation rolls. The second and perhaps more positive lesson in the light of the above is that it is possible to transform institution and create an efficient policy delivery mechanism within a short time span.

7

Gender Differences Regarding Unemployment Spells and Exit Destinations in Romania

100%

Dănăcică D.-E. , Cîrnu D.

Argumenta Oeconomica

|

2014

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nr nr 1 (32)

115-139

EN

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of factors influencing unemployment spells and exit destinations of men and women in Romania. The empirical analysis is based on 2376253 registered unemployment spells, gathered from the National Agency for Employment. Using non-parametric methods and the semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model in a competing-risks framework, we estimated the effect of different explanatory variables for the unemployment spells of men and women.(original abstract)

8

Tablice trwania - nieparametryczny model czasu trwania w bezrobociu w szczecinie

100%

Bieszk-Stolorz B. , Markowicz I.

Studia i Prace WNEiZ US

|

2016

|

nr nr 45 T. 1. Metody ilościowe w ekonomii

41-51

XX

Celem artykułu była konstrukcja tablic trwania w bezrobociu rejestrowanym do porównania sytuacji osób poszukujących pracy w podgrupach według płci i wieku. Jest to model nieparametryczny czasu trwania określonego zjawiska. Najczęściej jest stosowany w demografii jako tablice trwania życia. Tablice kohortowe zostaną skonstruowane na podstawie danych indywidualnych z Powiatowego Urzędu Pracy w Szczecinie. Kohortą są osoby bezrobotne zarejestrowane w 2012 roku i obserwowane do końca 2013 roku. Zdarzeniem kończącym epizod jest wyrejestrowanie z powodu podjęcia pracy. Pozostałe dane uznano za cenzurowane. Intensywności wychodzenia z bezrobocia zostały porównane w podgrupach kohorty.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The purpose of the article is to construct the registered unemployment duration table to comparison the situation of persons seeking work in subgroups according to age and gender. The table is a non-parametric model showing the duration of a given phenomenon. In demography it is most often used as a life table. We will construct the cohort tables on the basis of individual data provided by the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin. The cohort will consist of unemployed individuals registered in 2012 and observed by the end of 2013. The event regarded as the one ending the unemployment spell will be the moment of an individual's de-registration from the PLO due to finding employment. The remaining data have been considered censored. We will compare the intensities of unemployment exits in the cohort subgroups.(original abstract)

9

Determinants of Involuntary Job Termination in the Polish Labor Market

100%

Pytka K.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics (CEJEME)

|

2011

|

tom 3

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nr nr 1

25-38

EN

The intention of this article is to evaluate the exogenous dismissal probability for a certain worker depending on her characteristics for the Polish labor market. To model this phenomenon I considered a range of count data models. In the analysis the data from the Polish General Social Survey of 2008 was used. Covariates explaining the number of unemployment spells were selected in the spirit of the human-capital theory. In the course of the study existence of intransferable firm-specific human capital across employers and depreciation of the human capital acquired through learning by doing have been empirically confirmed. The conducted analysis may be considered the first step in the calibration of a job-search model with heterogeneous agents. (original abstract)

10

Ilościowa analiza skuteczności realizacji programu wsparcia bezrobotnych

100%

Bieszk-Stolorz B. , Markowicz I.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

|

2015

|

nr R. 13, nr 4, cz. 2

113-125

XX

Celem artykułu jest analiza skuteczności realizacji programu wsparcia bezrobotnych. Obserwacji poddano czas trwania bezrobocia osób wyrejestrowanych z Powiatowego Urzędu Pracy w Koszalinie w drugim półroczu 2011 roku. W okresie tym w powiatach Koszalin i koszalińskim realizowany był program "45-50 Plus", finansowany ze środków Funduszu Pracy, nakierowany na poprawę aktywności zawodowej wybranej grupy bezrobotnych. Grupę kontrolną stanowią osoby wyrejestrowane w pierwszym półroczu 2011 roku, w okresie poprzedzającym wprowadzenie programu. Głównym narzędziem badawczym jest postać ostra modelu regresji nieciągłej (sharp regression discontinuity design - RDD). Model ten pozwolił na oszacowanie różnicy w średnim czasie trwania bezrobocia w progu kwalifikowalności 45 lat, dzielącym zbiorowość na dwie podgrupy: objętą i nieobjętą programem. Przy zastosowaniu omówionej metody wykazano istotny wpływ realizowanego projektu na poprawę sytuacji osób bezrobotnych w wieku 45 lat i więcej. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The paper analyses the effectiveness of the programme introduced to support unemployed people. The authors observe the duration of unemployment spells of the unemployed individuals who were de-registered from the Poviat Labour Office in Koszalin in the second half of 2011. In that period of time the Poviat Koszalin and the Poviat Koszalinski were implementing the 45-50 Plus Programme which was financed over the Labour Fund and aimed at improving labour market participation of the selected group of the unemployed. The control group consists of individuals de-registered from the Poviat Labour Office in the first half of 2011, i.e. before the programme was launched. The main research tool is a sharp regression discontinuity design RDD. This particular model has enabled the authors to estimate the difference in the mean duration of unemployment spells at the eligibility threshold of 45 years which divides the group into two sub-groups of those who participated in the programme and those who did not. The above method has helped the authors confirm that the implemented programme significantly improved the employment odds of the job seekers aged 45 plus. (original abstract)

11

The Effect of Unemployment Benefits on Labour Market Behaviour in Luxembourg

100%

Longford N. T. , Salagean I. C.

Statistics in Transition

|

2013

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tom 14

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nr nr 2

249-272

EN

We apply the potential outcomes framework to estimate the effect of awarding unemployment benefits on gaining long-term employment after an unemployment spell and on the time it takes to achieve it. We conclude that such awards, regarded as a treatment, are associated with poorer labour force outcomes than no awards. (original abstract)

12

Application of Survival Analysis in Efficiency Evaluation of Professional Effectiveness Enhancement Programme

80%

Bieszk-Stolorz B. , Markowicz I.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2015

|

nr vol. 1, t. 311 Statistical Analysis in Theory and Practice

85-91

XX

Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu realizacji programu zwiększającego efektywność zawodową na czas trwania bezrobocia. Analizie poddano program realizowany przez Powiatowy Urząd Pracy w Szczecinie w latach 2008 i 2010 i skierowany do osób do 30 roku życia. W badaniu punktem wyjścia są metody analizy trwania. Do zbadania różnic w czasie trwania bezrobocia zastosowany zostanie model regresji nieciągłej. Wartości parametrów tego modelu umożliwią ocenę skuteczności wprowadzonego programu finansowanego ze środków Funduszu Pracy. Analiza zostanie przeprowadzona na danych dotyczących osób wyrejestrowanych z PUP w Szczecinie w 2010 roku. Grupę kontrolną będą stanowili wyrejestrowani w 2008 roku, w którym nie był realizowany omawiany projekt. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the effect of a professional effectiveness enhancing programme on unemployment spells. The analysed programme was implemented by the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin in 2009 and 2010 and was targeted at persons aged below 30. The methods of survival analysis are the starting point for the study. The differences in unemployment spells will be examined by means of the regression discontinuity model. The parameter values of this model will help evaluate the efficiency of the programme financed by the Labour Fund. The analysis is based on the data of people de-registered from the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin in 2010. The control group consists of people de-registered in 2008, i.e. the year when the project was not realised. (original abstract)

13

Women's Unemployment During Transition: Evidence from Czech and Slovak Micro-data

80%

Ham J. C. , Svejnar J. , Terrell K.

The Economics of Transition

|

1999

|

tom 7

|

nr nr 1

47-78

XX

Autorzy porównują prawdopodobieństwo dostania pracy przez kobietę w Czechach i na Słowacji w ciągu tygodnia w celu uzyskania odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: 1) Dlaczego stopa bezrobocia w Czechach jest niska, a na Słowacji wysoka? 2) Czy system świadczeń dla bezrobotnych istotnie wydłuża okres pozostawania bez pracy?; 3) Dlaczego stopa bezrobocia jest wyższa wśród kobiet niż wśród mężczyzn? Przeprowadzona analiza skłania do wniosku, że uwarunkowania demograficzne i popytowe w obydwu krajach odgrywają rolę drugorzędną wobec zróżnicowań w zachowaniach potencjalnych pracowników i pracodawców. System zasiłków dla bezrobotnych ma średni wpływ na okres bezrobocia w badanych krajach, przy czym wpływ ten jest nieco większy w Czechach.

EN

The authors analyse women's weekly probabilities of leaving unemployment in the Czech and Slovak Republics (CR and SR) in order to investigate three questions: 1) Why are unemployment rates much lower in the CR than the SR?; 2) Does the unemployment compensation scheme (UCS) substantially lengthen unemploy-mentspells?; and 3) Why are women's unemployment rates higher than men's? They find that differences in the behaviour of the individuals, employers and institutions in the SR and CR (as measured by differences in coefficients) play a larger role in determining the CR's shorter female unemployment spells than do differences in measured demand and demographic variables. The UCS has only a moderate effect on duration and its impact is greater in the CR. The differences between men's and women's spells (in each republic) are explained more by differences in coefficients than by differences in observed characteristics.

14

Unemployment and the Social Safety Net During Transitions to a Market Economy: Evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics

80%

Ham J. C. , Svejnar J. , Terrell K.

The American Economic Review

|

1998

|

tom 88

|

nr nr 5

1117-1142

XX

Autorzy badają zjawisko wyjątkowo krótkiego okresu pozostawania bez pracy w Czechach w porównaniu z resztą krajów Europy Środkowej, w tym Słowacji. Ze względu na początkowo identyczne założenia instytucjonalno-prawne Czech i Słowacji skupiono się na porównaniu tych dwóch krajów, uznając że wnioski dadzą się przenieść na resztę krajów regionu (Czechy są absolutnym wyjątkiem: stopa bezrobocia pozostaje najniższa - w roku 1996 jej wysokość stanowi od 1/3 do 1/4 w stosunku do reszty zaś okres oczekiwania na pracę też trwa tu od 3 do 4 razy krócej).

EN

The authors investigate the remarkably short unemployment spells in the Czech Republic compared to Slovakia and other Central and East European countries. Hazard functions are estimated, and it is found that 40 procent to 50 procent of the difference in unemployment durations between the two republics is accounted for by differences in coefficients, proxying the behavior of firms, individuals and institutions. In both republics the unemployment compensation system has a moderately negative effect on the exit rate from unemployment. Policy makers hence have latitude in providing adequate social safety nets without jeopardizing efficiency.

15

Determinants of involuntary job termination in the Polish labor market

80%

Pytka K.

Department of Applied Econometrics Working Papers

|

2011

|

nr nr 2

19

EN

The intention of this article is to evaluate the exogenous dismissal probability for a certain worker depending on her characteristics for the Polish labor market. To model this phenomenon I considered a range of count data models. In the analysis the data from the Polish General Social Survey of 2008 was used. Covariates explaining a number of unemployment spells were selected in the spirit of the human-capital theory. In the course of the study existence of intransferable firm-specific human capital across employers and depreciation of the human capital acquired through learning by doing have been empirically confirmed. The conducted analysis may be considered the first step in the calibration of a job-search model with heterogeneous agents. (original abstract)

16

Młodzi na rynku pracy w Szczecinie - tablice trwania w bezrobociu

80%

Markowicz I. , Bieszk-Stolorz B.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych / Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego

|

2016

|

tom 17(XVII)

|

nr nr 3

108-119

XX

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza intensywności wychodzenia z bezrobocia osób w wieku 18-25 lat. Kohortą były osoby bezrobotne zarejestrowane w 2012 roku i obserwowane do końca 2013 roku. Zdarzeniem kończącym epizod było wyrejestrowanie z powodu podjęcia pracy. Pozostałe dane przyjęto za cenzurowane. Tablice kohortowe zostały skonstruowane w oparciu o dane indywidualne z Powiatowego Urzędu Pracy w Szczecinie. Intensywności wychodzenia z bezrobocia zostały porównane w podgrupach (płeć i wykształcenie). W badaniu postawiono hipotezę, że poziom wykształcenia wpływa na intensywność podejmowania pracy.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze the intensity of leaving unemployment at the age 18-25. The cohort has consisted of unemployed individuals registered in 2012 and observed by the end of 2013. The event regarded as the one ending the unemployment spell has been the moment of an individual's de-registration from the PLO due to finding employment. The remaining data have been considered censored. We have constructed the cohort tables on the basis of individual data provided by the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin. We have compared the intensities of unemployment exits in the subgroups (gender and education). The study verified the hypothesis that the level of education influences the intensity of making work.(original abstract)