Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

New-generation Trade Agreement with Japan : Significance to EU Companies

100%

Czermińska M.

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nr nr 4

41-55

EN

Objective: The New-generation trade agreements, which include the agreement with Japan, provide wide coverage - not only the liberalisation of trade in goods or services but also the protection of intellectual property rights, the public procurement market, sustainable development and others. This paper aims to demonstrate key provisions and (both ex post and ex ante) opportunities that the agreement creates for EU companies.Research Design & Methods: The research methods include a critical review of existing literature, an analysis of relevant legal and official documents of the European Union, as well as the provisions of the EU-Japan trade agreement. The empirical research focused on Eurostat data.Findings: The provisions of the EU-Japan agreement provide an incentive for European companies to strengthen their position on the Japanese market. The elimination of import duties and other barriers to trade in Japan in relation to certain agricultural products on the entry into force of the agreement contributed to higher exports from the EU for these groups of goods. What might be expected is the additional effect of the liberalisation of bilateral trade on third countries. In fact, standards or rules agreed by Japan and the EU may become even more attractive to third countries, as their adoption would facilitate access to two large markets.Implications & Recommendations: Japan is a relatively important trading partner for the EU and vice versa. One of the biggest achievements of the agreement made between the European Union and Japan includes the wide and deep liberalisation of trade in goods. Despite the fact that the overall level of tariff protection is relatively low, there are still some groups of goods for which the protection in the form of customs duties constitutes an important barrier, as a result of which the conditions for competing on the partner's market deteriorate. It seems that EU entrepreneurs should make more use of the opportunities which are created by the provisions of the free trade agreement with Japan. So far, the trade crisis caused by the pandemic has stood in the way.Contribution & Value Added: Research conducted so far is of an ex ante nature, both regarding the provisions of the agreement (publications written before 2018) and the evaluation of its potential effects on economy, trade, production or selected sectors. The research carried out in this article is of an ex post nature; it covers the period following the entry into force of the agreement and does not present any growth scenarios or forecasts, as was the case in the existing research. The article attempted to juxtapose the provisions of the agreement with Japan with trade conditions applicable to EU companies, as well as with the growth rate, volume and coverage of bilateral trade in goods. (original abstract)

2

Democratic Legitimacy in Common Commercial Policy of European Union - Evolution of European Parliament's Role

75%

Czermińska M.

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nr nr 44 Legitymizacja władzy i współczesna demokracja

47-69

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims to present the principles of decision- making, distribution of competences regarding the common commercial policy (CCP), with attention given to the evolution of European Parliament's (EP) role and to identify actions taken by the EP in relation to the CCP. RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Due to the Member States' delegation of powers to the supranational level and decision-making procedures, allegations that there is no democratic legitimacy in the European Union are of particular relevance to the CCP. In this context, special importance is given to the role of the European Parliament and powers vested in it, especially over the past years. The article employs an analytical and descriptive method. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part presented decision- making principles for the EU's common commercial policy. Next, the evolution of the European Parliament's role in the shaping of the CCP was discussed. Finally, the last part gives attention to the EP's actions in practice and attempts to assess what was a decisive factor behind the Parliament's specific position. RESEARCH RESULTS: The Treaty of Lisbon increased the formal powers of the European Parliament with regard to the CCP, but at the same time, diminished the role of Member States' national parliaments (which was due to the fact that the CCP coverage was extended and the scope of the EU's exclusive competences was broadened). The research conducted has revealed that the EP is more and more often taking advantage of its position in the shaping of the EU commercial policy. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to the fact that the role of the European Parliament in the decision-making process has increased, the issue of a democracy deficit in the shaping of the CCP, which was raised in the pre-Lisbon Treaty period, is currently becoming less formally legitimate. (original abstract)

3

Stosunki transatlantyckie Polski (z USA i Kanadą) w nowej konfiguracji

75%

Kaliszuk E.

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nr nr 1 Europa w globalnym świecie : uwarunkowania i perspektywy integracji transatlantyckiej

93-111

XX

W artykule analizowane są interakcje między procesami zachodzącymi w gospodarce realnej a stosunkami umownymi w relacjach transatlantyckich. Przedmiotem rozważań są istniejące lub negocjowane (zamrożone) umowy o wolnym handlu Unii Europejskiej ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi i Kanadą. Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie potencjalnych implikacji wspomnianych zmian w sferze regulacyjnej dla polskiego handlu towarami przemysłowymi, który odbywa się w coraz większym stopniu w ramach międzynarodowych łańcuchów wartości. Artykuł ma charakter badawczy. Wykorzystano w nim analizę dokumentów, analizę statystyczną i porównawczą. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że umowa UE z Kanadą wzmocni rozpoczęty już proces integracji europejskiego i północnoamerykańskiego łańcuchów wartości. Stwarza to dla Polski szanse, ale także zagrożenia. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

In the paper, there are analysed the interactions between the processes taking place in the real economy and the contractual relations in the transatlantic relationship. The subject matter of considerations is the existing or negotiated EU free trade agreements with the United States and Canada. The aim of the paper is to provide analysis of the potential implications of the said changes in the regulatory sphere for Poland's trade in industrial goods, which occurs to an ever growing degree within the international value chains. The article is of the research nature. The author used in it a documents review and the statistical and comparative analysis. The carried out analysis shows that the EU agreement with Canada will strengthen the already launched process of integration of the European and North American value chains. It poses for Poland more challenges than threats. (original abstract)

4

Rice Value Chain Analysis in a Free Trade Agreement Context : a Developing Region of the Dominican Republic Study Case

51%

Belén Collazos Bravo A. , Rondón Domínguez F. R. , López de Meneses B. U.

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nr nr 21 (4)

9-24

XX

Celem pracy była analiza łańcucha wartości ryżu w rozwijającym się regionie Dominikany w celu uniknięcia pewnego rodzaju degradacji producentów ryżu ze względu na umowy o wolnym handlu. W artykule wykorzystano ankiety osobowe jako podstawowe źródła informacji. Obliczono społeczno-demograficzne, rolnicze oraz ekonomiczne zmienne, jak również bezwzględne i względne częstości oraz skumulowane odsetki. Aby wyjaśnić wydajność gospodarstw zastosowano relację dwukierunkową, a do obliczeń wykorzystano test chi-kwadrat. Przeprowadzono dwuetapową analizę skupień aby ocenić kwestię degradacji rolników. Konkurencyjność gospodarstw może zostać poprawiona poprzez: I) odpowiednie dostosowanie nawożenia i dawki fitosanitarne, II) wzrost wartości i ceny ryżu poprzez odpowiednie praktyki pożniwne oraz III) właściwe wsparcie techniczne dla rolników. Niezbędna jest dywersyfikacji produkcji i / lub w celu zmniejszenia konkurencyjnych kosztów dla rolników uprawiających ryż w regionie Barahona na Dominikanie. Plantatorzy nie mogą czekać, aż problem ten zostanie rozwiązany przez państwo, muszą sami stać się organizatorami zmian. W artykule przedstawiono inicjatywy, które pozwolą stworzyć sektor organizacji - "obserwatorów rynku", którzy dbaliby o ceny, jakość produktów, popyt i podaż w każdym sezonie. Organizacje te powinny być dostępne dla wszystkich, którzy są częścią tego łańcucha. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The aim of the work was to analyse the rice value chain in a developing region of the Dominican Republic to avoid the rice producer´s displacement due to the Free Trade Agreement. Primary sources of information such as personal surveys were used. Sociodemographical, agricultural and economical variables were obtained. Absolute and relative frequencies and accumulated percentages were calculated. The two-way dependence between the item to be explained, farm yield, and the explanatory variables was calculated by means of a chi-squared (χ2) test of significance between the items. Two-step cluster analysis was carried out to appraise the question of farmers displace. The competitiveness of the farms could be improved by I) the adjustment of the fertilization and phytosanitary doses, II) the addition of value and price to the rice by post-harvest practice and III) the proper technical assistance of the farmers. It would be needed to diversify the productions and/or to reduce the costs for the lower competitive 36.67% rice farmers of Barahona region in the Dominican Republic not to be displaced by the CAFTA-DR. Dominican operators cannot wait for the problems of the commercial channel to be solved by the state and so they must be participants in and promoters of change. This report recommends initiatives that would create sector 'observatories' for prices, product quality, supply and demand in each season. These organisations should be accessible by all the agents along the chain. (original abstract)