The paper deals with the regulation of personal names in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Based on data consisting of legal documents and on-line discussions, it focuses on two areas: (1) the historical development of the regulation and (2) its implementation. Employing the social force field model, the paper argues that despite partially independent development, the legal norms of both countries establish analogous social force fields. However, these fields may function in differing ways, as the norm authorities employ different types of codices.
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This article deals with the concept of standard variety based on the idea that each variety reflects the relationships between the relevant social forces in a language community. The author presents and analyzes Ammon’s model of social forces determining what is standard in a language. Four forces are identified: the norm authorities, who manage language production, the codifiers, who produce grammars and dictionaries, the model speakers/writers, who produce model texts, and the language experts, who deliver their opinions. What is or is not a variant of the actual standard variety depends on the mutual consensus of all four forces, not only on the decisions of the codifiers themselves. The balance among all four forces guarantees the desirable stability of the standard variety.
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