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2006
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tom Nr 5
182-184
EN
There has been presented a water organization which is a characteristic model for other organizations and agencies in the whole world. At the time of its creation (73 years ago) as well as at present it has been the most innovating organization and a great regional success.
2
Content available remote Relacje amerykańsko-afgańskie w latach 1963-1978
89%
EN
The article raises the issue of the relationship between the United States and Afghanistan in the years 1963-1978. The subject of the analysis are political and economic relations between the partners. The author points out the motivations of American and Afghan authorities and barriers to collaboration. They are shown on the background of internal events in Afghanistan and the international context, including the global rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union .
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2007
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tom nr 3
26-26
PL
Wzrost popytu na telefony komórkowe, odtwarzacze muzyki MP3 i inne urządzenia elektroniczne zwielokrotnił zapotrzebowanie na baterie do ponownego ładowania, które znacząco powiększają strumień odpadów w USA. W związku ze wzrostem koniunktury na tego typu baterie, Kongres uchwalił 11 lat temu nowe prawo federalne - ustawę o bateriach. Na podstawie "Waste Management World" 11-12/2006.
EN
The presented article offers a brief overview of the history of the American communist movement and, consequently, the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) between ca 1918 and 1945. If focuses on questions connected to the membership base and racial and ethnic issues. Furthermore, it analyses the link between the CPUSA and the communist headquarters in Moscow. The analysis terminates with the year 1945 as post-world history of the CPUSA represents a different story that is beyond the scope of this text.
Ad Americam
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2011
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tom 12
141-148
EN
The Mediterranean was a main region in the policy of the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1980s. This part of the world was one of the most important areas of rivalry during the Cold War after 1945. At that time it was the most militarized region in the world. In the postwar world, despite rapid advances in all types of communication, the Mediterranean retained its importance as a unique strategic maritime passageway because of the continuity of naval routes, air routes and strategic directions which largely coincide with the strategies of bloc activity. This article describes the presence of the naval forces of the USA and the USSR in the basin of the Mediterranean, the diplomatic and military rivalry between these superpowers and the implications of this competition for international relations at the end of the Cold War.
8
Content available remote Population of American Cities: 1950-2009
71%
EN
Contrary to the industrial epoch, cities have been interpreted in the last fifty years as the places facing the greatest economic and social problems. A contrasting view has emerged only recently that takes cities as sites of economic dynamism and social vitality. The paper offers evidence on population change for 118 greatest cities of the United States of America to assess how their fortunes have changed from the 1950s to 2009. Considerable diversity of experience was revealed and seven categories of cities have been distinguished as far as their population change patterns are concerned. These categories range from the continuous growth from 1950 until today to continuous decline. The most dynamic cities are located in the Sun Belt and they are relatively small and new.On the opposite, the biggest and old industrial centres of the Rust Belt have been losing inhabitants. In general, the pattern of population change shows close relationship with the economic situation and in particular, is connected with the structural changes in society and economy, namely the structural shifts toward more services-oriented economy, and smaller households.Essentially the paper offers the historical outline of the population changes in the biggest American urban centres. It should be seen as an introduction necessary for the more advanced studies concerning the issues of employment, incomes, ethnic composition, and various social problems which could explain the changing fortunes of particular cities.
9
Content available remote Stany Zjednoczone w świecie zróżnicowanych potęg
71%
EN
The article attempts to show the role of the United States in today’s world of diversified powers. Although the USA still have an enormous potential at their disposal and can still exert stronger influence on the international situation than other powers, they experience growing competition in various areas. This markedly affects the direction and character of American strategy which seems to be reversing its Pacific orientation. The consequences of this tendency are particularly visible in transatlantic relations.
11
Content available remote OBMEDZENIE PARTICIPAČNEJ DEMOKRACIE V USA
71%
EN
Referendum and initiative as integral parts of participatory democracy are the key elements in preserving retained powers of the people. Diminishing the ability to guard they will by refusing to defend the outcomes of state popular vote in federal courts, leaves open question about interpretation of standing doctrines by United States Supreme Court. The same sex marriage cases present an example of different standards set by the highest court in this area. Hollingsworth v. Perry decision, stating that the official proponents of the initiative lack standing to appeal the judgement of the District Court undermines the principles of the initiative process, hence the whole concept of popular sovereignty.
12
Content available remote Seven Revolutions, One Classroom: Discussing Global Culture Globally
71%
EN
The article examines a global approach to culture – understood in a broad meaning. The author analyses the basis of an educational college program, developed by the U.S. Center for Strategic and International Studies. The program’s curriculum consists of elements dedicated to global education in aspects such as demography, technology, economic integration, management, and security. The aim of this project is to promote intercultural dialogue, based on 1) knowledge and learning, 2) understanding, 3) utilizing the potential offered by Internet and intercultural communication.
EN
The article describes the essential characteristics of internationalization in higher education, peculiarities of universities innovative development; analyzes the objectives, principles, forms and results of the U.S. universities international activity; distinguishes the conditions for effectiveness of universities international activity and justifies its impact on the innovative development of all aspects of the U.S. universities activity. It is shown that internationalization as a leading trend of higher education development creates opportunities for its modernization, innovation, provides mobility, improves the availability and quality, expands international cooperation. Internationalization serves as an important factor of innovative development of higher education in the USA, which is a cyclical process based on the interaction and interdependence of creation, dissemination and absorption of innovation; acts as both a strategic objective and a means of the U.S. universities international activity. It is found that international activity at American universities is considered as one of the tools of foreign policy issues, maintaining leadership and ensuring the competitiveness, innovative development not only of education, but also the country as a whole. International activity of the U.S. universities is complex and multifaceted, it is integrating into all activities of universities and serves as a factor of their innovation. Its main forms are collaborating with other universities, businesses and international organizations. Important results are academic and scientific mobility, development of internationalized curricula and more. The initial principles of its organization are integration, innovation, intensification, mobility, transferability, democracy, tolerance, multiculturalism, flexibility. Strategy of obtaining profit serves as a benchmark in the organization of international activity of the U.S. universities. The main objectives of the U.S. universities international activity are: improving the quality of education, creating global competencies, development of international benchmarking activity, the use of advanced ideas of international experience, international cooperation with universities in other countries, the export of educational services, international technology transfer and more. The effectiveness of the university international activitiy and ensuring its innovation are achieved by defining its strategy and tactics, the presence of individual units and professional project managers, development of internationalized curriculum and innovative educational programs of the university.
EN
Drawing on the traditions of critical pedagogy from Paulo Freire and Henry Giroux to recent critical research developed in the Journal of Pedagogy, this study explores how a particular case of curriculum reform in the US is entangled with racial neoliberalism and paranoia.
EN
(Polish title: Ocena prognozowanej sytuacji gospodarczej USA i wybranych krajow UE w latach 2012-2015 z wykorzystaniem metody pieciokata stabilizacji makroekonomicznej). The combined US and EU economies account for nearly half of the global GDP. In 2009, the total value of transatlantic economic relations, trade and investment flows included, was 780 billion euros. The scope and intensity of these relations are determined by multi- and bilateral initiatives such as ratified treaties or the activity of the TEC (Transatlantic Economic Council). Unquestionably, the quality of economic ties largely depends on the economic condition of parties involved. The knowledge concerning the factors of economic success is a prerequisite for international economic coordination undertaken in order to identify any irregularities and imbalances and thus address possible crises. This paper, attempts to evaluate the macroeconomic situation of the USA and selected EU countries: France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and Poland in years 2012-2015. The used methodology bases on the concept of Macroeconomic Stabilisation Pentagon (MSP), which in the literature is applied mainly for the analysis of emerging and developing countries. The results obtained indicate that Germany may have the most stable economy, as measured by MSP, which, however, seems to be deteriorating, deteriorating over time, whereas Poland, whose macroeconomic performance ranks at the bottom of the list, should experience steady improvement.
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2010
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tom nr 4
82-87
PL
Nasza cywilizacja w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach jest pod bardzo silnym wpływem trendów rodzących się w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Bardzo często mówi się o postępującej amerykanizacji naszego stylu życia, przejawiającej się szczególnie wyraźnie coraz częstszym korzystaniem z restauracji typu "fast food" czy też coraz większym uzależnieniem naszego codziennego życia od motoryzacji. Chyba z dużą dozą prawdy można powiedzieć, że amerykanizacja dotyka także w jakimś sensie inżynierii środowiska, w tym zagadnień gospodarki wodno-ściekowej.
EN
The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics of teaching and degree of efficiency of physical education in the US higher education institutions, depending on their content based on literature analysis. Research methods: the comparative and theoretical analysis of scientific publications, government programs dedicated to the development of higher education in the United States, comparison, generalization and systematization to identify the features of the theory and practice of physical education of US students. Results. According to the American specialists, the majority of young people do not involve in motor activity regularly, despite the large number of studies that indicate its health benefits and quality of life. It is proved that some knowledge about the benefits of exercise is not enough to motivate most young people to start training, emphasizing the need to incorporate well-established habits of students’ behavior. Course for health promotion on the basis of the College should potentially include all the levers of influence on indicators of behavior change. Among the theories that explain how the behavior forms, the most relevant is the ecological model. A characteristic peculiarity of teaching physical education in higher education institutions of the United States is a difference in the effectiveness of its results, depending on their content. There are three types of programs: sports-oriented programs; programs aimed at the assimilation of the conceptual theoretical knowledge required for the formation of the motives and interests of a healthy lifestyle; mixed type programs that are a combination of the first two. Exactly conceptual information about the benefits of physical activity combined with practical sports activity allows for a more effective impact on the health and physical condition of young people than sports oriented programs in pure form as they give higher long-term outcomes in the form of shaped motives and interests to employment by physical activity. Among the information about health which is interesting to the students in the USA, physical activity and fitness take the third rank place. The perspective directions of further research are related to the improvement of the system of physical education of students in Ukraine on the basis of studying the experience of the United States.
18
Content available Indywidualizm amerykańskiej Starej Prawicy
71%
EN
The article is dedicated to the philosophy and history of the Old Right movement in United States of America. At the beginning, author discusses the historical roots, ideological structure, and principles of the Old Right with important figures behind it. The next part of the article is devoted to the presence of the movement in the American political arena: it’s alliances, enemies, and political representation. A substantial part of the article is based on the Old Right’s arguments against President Roosevelt’s New Deal in all it’s aspects. The consequent anti-interventionist position of the Old Right pushed them to opposition to the US military presence in World War I and World War II. That unique but ideologically coherent standpoint is discussed in the later part of the article. It shows the popular perception of the anti-interventionist arguments, revealing not widely known facts about it. The question of the American military interventions reflected by the classical liberal principles, dominates the last part of the article. Author discusses the theory of the cold war and emerge of the New Right as a cause of the Old Right’s defeat. Finally, he summarizes the Old Right’s political positions, and predicts possible developments of that ideas in future.
20
Content available remote Nukleonika militarna - nieznane fakty z historii najnowszej
71%
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2011
|
tom z. 2
22-25
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