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XX
W artykule przedstawiono poglądy na temat "dobrego coach'a". Omówiono zasady jakimi powinien się kierować oraz typowe błędy jakich powinien unikać.
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Opracowanie omawia przypadki kiedy udział w szkoleniach liczy się jako czas pracy a kiedy nie oraz jak do tego odnoszą się przepisy kodeksu pracy.
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2010
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tom 2(1)
115-120
EN
Society’s well-grounded sense of threat has raised recently due to the activity of mafia, terrorists and criminals. The police, as the citizens’ servants are responsible for limitation or elimination of that danger. The most complex events posing threat to the society are critical situations. They are often completely unexpected and complex, hence, if we cannot prevent them, we should prepare ourselves to them.It is widely accepted that the better the system of education of the police officers is, the more effective the action in critical situations is, especially the effective communication between particular elements of the worked out stable decision-making process and training responsible leaders. As far as critical situations are concerned, one of the most important aspects of coping with this phenomenon is contact with the media, the most socially respected link between people and authorities. For this reason, practical exercises examining created procedures should be also incorporated into this training.Police management staff should work out in the training process pattern of actions on every level. It is ultimately important to secure the flow of the information within and between police units, as far as every kind of them is used in critical situations. Such state requires exercise and training, that strengthens the readiness of the police to action in critical situations.
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W artykule został przedstawiony model kształtowania kompetencji pracowniczych zamkniętych w procesie opierającym się na wykorzystaniu różnorodnych form szkoleniowych. W artykule zawarty jest również opis opracowanej przez autorów metodyki.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The article shows a model of shaping organization member competencies, which is described as a process composed of different forms of training course. The model is named Company University by authors and it is implemented in business practice. The paper also shows the specific example of structured process that is based on developed methodology (case study).(original abstract)
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W ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego realizowane są różne projekty, dzięki którym podnoszone są umiejętności i kwalifikacje z różnych dziedzin osób w nich uczestniczących. Między innymi są to projekty dotyczące agroturystyki, która jest jednym ze sposobów na pozyskanie dodatkowych źródeł dochodu przez mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich. Głównym celem prowadzonych badan była analiza projektów agroturystycznych zrealizowanych w ramach EFS w latach 2004-2012 z uwzględnieniem wielkości uzyskanego dofinansowania i zróżnicowania regionalnego. Dodatkowo określono główne motywy wpływające na podjęcie decyzji o uczestniczeniu w szkoleniu i chęci prowadzenia działalności agroturystycznej przez uczestników szkole􀄔 agroturystycznych finansowanych z funduszy unijnych. Prezentowane badania wykazały, iż tylko 0,2% wszystkich projektów zrealizowanych w analizowanych latach dotyczyło agroturystyki, a wielkość pozyskanych dofinansował w poszczególnych województwach była zróżnicowana. Ponad połowa respondentów potwierdziła, że rozważa możliwość założenia gospodarstwa agroturystycznego, ale nie wcześniej niż za dwa lata, 37% ankietowanych interesuje się tematem, ponieważ prowadzi już gospodarstwo agroturystyczne albo chce to zacząć robić w najbliższym czasie, a pozostali nie mają takich planów. (fragment tekstu)
EN
In the article there were presented the results of survey conducted in 2010. The main objective of the study was analysis the agro-tourism projects from ESF, which were implemented in 2004-2012. Additionally, the aim of research was presentation of motive for participation in agro-tourism training and readiness of setting-up the agrotourism farms.The main motive of setting-up the agro-tourism farms by the participants is desire to earn extra income. The second most important motive is the opportunity to create jobs for family members and pleasurable reasons. (fragment of text)
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Ogólnie uznaje się, że jakość danych statystycznych, a także jakość innych usług świadczonych przez urzędy statystyczne na rzecz różnych użytkowników zależy w poważnym stopniu od kwalifikacji kadry pracowniczej. Odpowiednie jej kwalifikacje umożliwiają również racjonalne wykorzystanie środków przeznaczonych na badania. (...) Budowa systemu szkolenia jest procesem złożonym i wymaga znacznych wysiłków organizacyjnych i nakładów finansowych. Niezbędna jest ścisła współpraca urzędów statystycznych z ośrodkami naukowymi dysponującymi wiedzą teoretyczną, a także urzędami statystycznymi innych krajów, a szczególnie z Eurostatem, który posiada już znaczne doświadczenia w tym zakresie. (fragment tekstu)
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Content available remote Anaerobic endurance of young swimmers aged 12 years
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EN
Study aim: To assess the effects of swimming training on anaerobic endurance, swimming velocity and chest girth in children aged 12 years.Material and methods: Two groups of children aged 12 years were studied. Group S (14 boys and 6 girls) training swimming at a sport-oriented school 3 days a week, 90 min per session, and Group R (6 boys and 6 girls) engaged in competitive swimming for 4 years. Children from Group S were subjected twice (in September and in February) to a swimming test consisting of 6 bouts of swimming the 12.5-m distance, spaced by 30-s intermissions. Mean and maximum swimming velocities in the entire test were recorded together with their ratio (Performance Index, PI). In children from Group R the swimming velocity at one 12.5-distance was recorded.Results: Apart from somatic indices, significant increases over the 5-month training period were noted in mean swimming velocity in boys and girls (p<0.001) and in maximum velocity in boys (p<0.01). No significant changes were noted in the performance index or in heart rate.Conclusions: Performance index as a measure of anaerobic endurance may serve as a useful tool in assessing the adaptive performance changes in young swimmers.
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Content available remote Postural variables in girls practicing volleyball
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EN
Study aim: To assess body posture of young female volleyball players in relation to their untrained mates.Material and methods: A group of 42 volleyball players and another of 43 untrained girls, all aged 13 - 16 years were studied with respect to their body posture indices by using computer posturography. Spinal angles and curvatures were measured, and asymmetry and body posture type were assessed. Body height and mass, BMI and body fat content (by bioimpedance technique) were determined.Results: As compared with untrained girls, the volleyball players were more slender, the positions of shoulders and pelvis being more symmetrical, and shoulder blades and waist triangles were more asymmetrical. Volleyball players were predominantly kyphotic, their lumbar lordosis was flattened and head protruded, especially in those having longer training experience.Conclusions: The observed asymmetries brought about by unilateral training loads and progressing thoracic kyphosis call for applying corrective and/or yoga exercises to adolescent female volleyball players.
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Content available remote Training Needs and Experiences of Migrants
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Na potrzeby projektu Pathways to Work zostały przeprowadzone obszerne badania migrantów w 5 krajach UE. Dużą część tego badań stanowiła analiza potrzeb szkoleniowych migrantów i ich doświadczeń ze szkoleniami. Badani migranci wykazali dużą chęć uczestnictwa w szkoleniach. Najbardziej preferowane szkolenia dotyczą radzenia sobie z poczuciem odrzucenia i pewnością siebie, znajomości instytucji wspierających imigrantów na rynku pracy, osiągnięcia kwalifikacji w kraju, w którym przebywa-ją, i uznawania kwalifikacji zdobytych w kraju macierzystym, szkolenia z różnorodności narodowej i sposobu komunikowania się, pomoc w autoprezentacji oraz wspieranie przy tworzeniu ścieżki kariery (m.in. przygotowanie CV). Istotny wpływ na potrzeby szkoleniowe mają również wcześniejsze doświadczenia. Ci imigranci, którzy byli na szkoleniach wcześniej, są dwa razy bardziej zadowoleni z obecnej pracy niż ci, którzy wcześniej się nie szkolili. Częściej twierdzą też, że ich praca odpowiada ich poziomowi wykształcenia.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
During the Pathways to Work project a research was conducted on the training needs of young migrants within European countries. A considerable part of the research concerned the needs and experiences of young migrants in the training area. The paper presents the results of the research, including the identification of trainings needs, the most preferable trainings and the influence of previous experiences on perception of trainings.(original abstract)
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W projekcie "Pathways to Work" została podjęta próba segmentacji młodych mi-grantów w zakresie grup mogących być zainteresowanych szkoleniami. Artykuł przed-stawia zastosowaną w projekcie procedurę segmentacji, przeprowadzone w tym zakresie badania oraz ich wyniki. Dokonana zostaje charakterystyka pięciu głównych segmentów. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
A company cannot serve everyone in broad markets, because the customers are too numerous and diverse in their buying requirements. This is why successful marketers look for specific market segments that they can serve more effectively. Instead of scattering their marketing efforts (a "shotgun" approach), they will be able to focus on the buyers whom they have the greatest chance of satisfying (a "rifle" approach). Similar approach was taken during the Pathways to Work project. The attempt was made to segment the target group for project - young migrants. The paper presents the executed procedure of segmentation, research and outcomes. There are five main segments presented, each with individual characteristics. There are also conclusions presented regarding targeting each of the identified segments.(original abstract)
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Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych na potrzeby projektu "Pathways to work" około 1/3 migrantów jest potencjalnie zainteresowanych podjęciem treningów proponowanych w programie. Artykuł przedstawia kierunki dostosowania modułów szkoleniowych do zidentyfikowanych potrzeb szkoleniowych badanych migrantów. Istotnym aspektem jest również względna homogeniczność potrzeb szkoleniowych migrantów w badanych krajach, co pozwala na kierowanie podobnych programów szkoleniowych (z niewielkimi modyfikacjami) dla różnych krajów.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The five modules of the online course of Pathways to Work project have been prepared according to specification presented in the paper. Authors believe that applied methodology - analysis of characteristic of potential target group for module and application of achieved results for adjusting training pro-grammes to identified needs - is a proper approach for preparation of learning materials.(fragment of text)
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Study aim: Regular exercise training is thought to modify cardiac autonomic control. One of the body’s responses to training stimuli is heart rate variability (HRV). The use of HRV in the management of sport training is a common practice. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of the physical activity level on HRV of 1st league national volleyball players prior to and during the competition period. Materials and methods: The study involved 11 players whose HRV was evaluated during the two analysed training periods. Selected indicators of spectral analysis (total power, %VLF, % LF, % HF powers, LF n.u, HF n.u, and LF/HF powers) as well as time analysis (HR, RR, RMSSD, NN50) were assessed on the basis of recordings. Results: The studies conducted in the pre-competition and competition periods showed significant differences in the parameters of spectral VLF% analysis and time NN50 analysis. In the competition period, a significant increase in VLF [%] may be the result of increased psycho-physical arousal, when compared to the pre-competition period. ] Conclusions: Resting bradycardia, assessed on the basis of time analysis indicators, may be the result of internal changes in the sinus node, which reflects the impact of long-term training on the cardiac conduction system. A high level of physical activity of volleyball players in the tested periods could have contributed to a reduction in vagal tone and a shift in the balance of the autonomic nervous system in the direction of the sympathetic system, which may be the result of overtraining
EN
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present and assess professional development opportunities for older employees in SME. Methodology: In the process of desk research, the author has discerned a number of characteristics of training activities conducted by SMEs. The management of older employees’ professional development is discussed on the basis of selected research findings, i.a. CATI and CAPI surveys conducted in the framework of the “Comprehensive program of activation of people aged 50+” project carried out by the Department of Human Resource Management at Kozminski University in 2010–2012. Findings: The first part of the paper discusses the specificity of training measures undertaken in SMEs. According to a large body research results available, these include: informality, reactivity, short-term perspective, focus on solving current problems, “learning by doing”, focus on the development of specific skills and organizational knowledge, lack of professional organization of trainings. The core part of the paper focuses on the management of professional development of older employees in SMEs. The majority of surveyed firms have declared providing their older and younger employees with the same access to training. However, it does not always mean training is organised, or that employees aged 50+ participate in it. Moreover, the survey has proven the existence of significant differences in assessments and opinions among entrepreneurs and employees. Originality/value: This paper discusses professional development of older SME employees, which is a relatively new problem; it is based on an extensive body of research. Managing professional development of older workers is one of the most important challenges faced by SMEs in the twenty first century and it shall require extensive and thorough research in the future.
EN
Study aim: To find out whether the ability to accelerate, decelerate and turn may contribute to the performance of young football players during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test - Level 2 (YYIEL2).Material and methods: A group of 239 young male football players from three age categories: under 15 years (U15; n = 102), under 17 years (U17; n = 59) and under 19 years (U19; n = 74) were evaluated in sprint, agility, and intermittent exercise performance. Multiple regression models weighted for maturity status were applied.Results: Significant (p<0.001) differences were found between the U15 and both other groups in all tests. The YYIEL2 was significantly correlated with 5-m and 30-m sprints and agility (r = 0.361, 0.499 and 0.555, respectively; p<0.001) and the latter 3 variables explained 31% (p<0.001) of the total variance of the YYIEL2 performance, the agility test alone being the strongest predictor (b = 0.56; p<0.001).Conclusions: Despite the usefulness of the YYIEL2 test used in football to determine aerobic fitness, other factors than O2max, such as peripheral limitations and the ability to accelerate, decelerate and turn, may influence the performance during the test.
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Content available remote Improving Diversity Training for SMES - Country Report Northern Ireland
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XX
Artykuł przedstawia analizy rynku pracy Irlandii Północnej w zakresie postrzegania i zatrudniania migrantów. Z jednej strony wyniki badań pokazują,że ponad 2/3 społeczeństwa jest otwarte na migrację, jako przynoszącą otwartość i nowe idee dla Irlandii Północnej. Oznacza to, że aspekt kulturowy nie stanowi potencjalnego źródła konfliktu. Z drugiej strony społeczeństwo postrzega migrację jako zagrażającą miejscom pracy i zmniejszającą dostęp do usług publicznych (m.in. służby zdrowia). Obawa to zagarnięcie przez migrantów części świadczeń socjalnych postrzeganych jako "przynależne" obywatelom Irlandii Północnej może stanowić zarzewie konfliktu.(abstrakt autora)
EN
Migration is not a recent phenomenon. Throughout history humankind have spread across the globe. Ireland has always experienced both emigration (people leaving) and immigration (people coming to Ireland). Since the nineteenth century Ireland has been a country where larger numbers emigrated than arrived in Ireland as immigrants. Since the partition of Ireland in 1921 patterns of migration into and out of Northern Ireland have been more like those in the Republic of Ireland (RoI ) than those in the rest of the United Kingdom (UK). Since 2001 there has been a significant growth in immigration into Northern Ireland from countries outside the British Isles, a trend which was evident in the RoI a few years earlier. Since the enlargeme nt of the European Union (EU) in 2004 there have been more people coming to Northern Ireland from abroad than there have been leaving for destinations abroad,a significant proportion of this immigration has been from the Eastern European countries which joined the EU in 2004 (Bell et al. 2004). In 2006 the Northern Ireland Life and Times (NILT) survey incorporated a number of questions on attitudes towards migration and migrant workers. (fragment of text)
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Content available remote Effects of creatine supplementation on body mass and muscle girths in bodybuilders
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EN
Study aim: To find out whether a 6-week creatine supplementation would significantly augment body mass and muscle circumferences in male bodybuilders.Material and methods: A group of 14 male bodybuilders aged 16 - 29 years were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (E) and control (C), 7 subjects each. Group E received creatine monohydrate, Group C - placebo, 10 g daily for 6 weeks without saturation phase. The experimental design was a double-blind one. All subjects were on strictly controlled diet, the daily intakes amounting to 2.3 - 2.8 g of protein, 1.0 - 1.2 g of fat and 5 - 6 g/kg body mass of carbohydrate, and 3200 - 4000 kcal. All subjects trained 3 days a week, each session lasting 120 min, in the ‘Power, Rep-Range, Shock’ mode. Chest, waist, arm, forearm, thigh and calf girths were measured in the relaxed and contracted states, together with body mass, before and after the study.Results: Significant, training-induced changes were noted in almost all body circumferences studied in both groups and muscle states, those in the chest, biceps and thigh girths being the most pronounced ones and significantly (p<0.05) greater in the experimental than in control group in the contracted muscle state. In the relaxed state the between-group differences were significant for the chest and thigh girths. The increments in body mass were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the experimental than in control group (4.3 ± 1.3 and 2.1 ± 0.7 kg, respectively).Conclusions: The observed changes may have been brought about by creatine administration.
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Content available remote Postural variables in girls practicing sport gymnastics
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EN
Study aim: To assess body posture variables in girls practicing sport gymnastics vs. their untrained mates.Material and methods: Two groups of girls aged 7 - 11 years were studied: 48 young female gymnasts (Group SG) and 54 untrained girls (Group C) of comparable age, body height and BMI. The gymnast girls had 3 - 7 training sessions a week, their training experience ranging 1 - 5 years. Body posture was assessed by photogrammetry.Results: Shoulder blades and pelvis were significantly (p<0.05) more symmetrical in gymnast girls than in the control group and their spine was better shaped in the youngest gymnasts (p<0.01). Gymnast girls were significantly (p<0.01) superior to their untrained mates in overall posture rating, Lumbar lordosis was less expressed (p<0.05) in gymnast girls aged 7 - 10 years than in the control ones.Conclusions: Sport gymnastics practiced at young age may affect posturogenesis bringing about body symmetrisation and shaping spine curvatures, especially lumbar lordosis.
XX
Celem głównym niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie problematyki wyboru techniki szkoleniowej oraz określenie, jakie techniki w praktyce polskich przedsiębiorstw w największym i najmniejszym zakresie są wykorzystywane na etapie realizacji szkolenia. Opracowanie ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny. Wykorzystywane źródła to istniejący materiał teoretyczny zawarty w literaturze dotyczącej poruszanej problematyki. Podstawowym źródłem danych empirycznych są przeprowadzone przez autora w połowie 2004 roku na grupie przedsiębiorstw notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie badania systemów szkolenia i doskonalenia zawodowego obejmujące lata 1998-2003. (fragment artykułu)
EN
Training and in-service training of employees starts to be a constant, never- ending process. A systematic model constitutes the sequence of following stages: recognition of training needs, preparing the schedule and plan of training, conducting training and evaluating training efficiency. This article focuses on the third of the mentioned stages. It is an attempt to determine which tools are used most frequently and which of them are useless at the stage of conducting training. Theory and practice offer, at present, a wide range of tools that can be used. Empirical researches in this scope were conducted in enterprises that are traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period of 1998 and 2003. (original abstract)
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Content available remote Problems of Training Tourism Managers in Kazakhstan
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Jednym z istotnych problemów turystyki w Kazachstanie jest niewystarczający poziom wykształcenie kadry zarządzającej. W artykule przedstawiono zarówno stan obecny w zakresie szkoleń z zakresu turystyki w Kazachstanie, jak i proponowane działania mające usprawnić system. Szczególny nacisk został położony na współcześnie implementowany program certyfikacji jakości szkolnictwa turystycznego Światowej Organizacji Turystyki.(abstrakt autora)
EN
One of the major problems of the state for the next decade will be realisation of Strategy of entering in number of 50 the most competitive countries. Throughout many years the tourist branch steadily increases, even in the conditions of adverse conjuncture and the economic crisis period in the world tourism industry the positive tendency to growth was saved. Tourism stimulates development of such adjacent branches of economy as: trade, transport, communication, agriculture, industry, etc. Now in territory of Kazakhstan positive dynamics of tourism development is traced. It is developing as the interbranch complex of economy and in direction of increase in volumes of output and realisation of services, and in respect of expansion of their assortment.(fragment of text)
EN
Study aim: the aim of the study was to identify differences between athletically trained and untrained subjects with respect to body composition, motor and cognitive abilities. Materials and methods: three groups of girls aged 12 to 14 years old participated in the study: young judokas (n = 42), volleyball players (n = 54) and their untrained peers (n = 54). Variables of interest were assessed through eight motor tests, nine anthropometric variables and the RSPM. Results: this study showed differences in some anthropometric characteristics and almost all motoric abilities between trained girls and untrained girls (p < 0.05), indicating that well-programmed activity can positively influence these characteristics and abilities. In addition, group of volleyball players presented significantly better results in cognitive abilities (p < 0.01), indicating a need for intelligence in complex sports like volleyball. Conclusions: generally, the trained groups of athletes possessed better coordination and strength than their untrained counterparts.
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