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EN
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) of excretory/secretory products T. canis infective larvae revealed 15 protein fractions, within a molecular weight range from 19 to 200 kD. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining revealed 9 glycoproteins, with molecular weight 19-55 and 130 kD. Almost all the polypeptides were recognized by infection sera from patients with toxocarosis, on Western blot analysis, indicating that all to a greater or lesser extent induce antibody responses. Specific IgM antibodies in the sera of some patients with toxocarosis were also detected by the same method. The specifity of these protein components was tested using sera of patients with trichinellosis or patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Cross-reacion in sera diluted 1:50 were observed in 20% of all the patients but in sera diluted 1:100 only in 2 cases of trichinellosis (out of 25). No cross-reacions were seen with polypeptides of molecular weight lower than 39kD, which suggests that these are specific to T. canis.
EN
Cross-resistance between Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis was studied in CBA/J mice exposed to varying doses of T. canis and 14 days later challenged with 400 larvae of T. spiralis. Intestinal burden of T. spiralis on day 7 post infection (PI) in mice given 25 ova of T. canis was 70% of challenge control burden, but in mice given 250 ova the burden was consistently below 20% of the control value. Male worms were preferentially expelled from mice exposed to T. canis. Recovery of muscle larvae was reduced in mice given 250 ova, but not in mice given 25 ova. Intestinal burdens of T. spiralis in T. canis-sensitized mice (250 ova) was 58% of the control values at 36 h PI, and most of the remaining worms were expelled between 5 and 7 days PI. Worms from mice given 250 ova released lower numbers of newborn larvae in vitro.
EN
The evaluation of Toxocara canis infection in stray dogs from two shelters and private owners dogs in the Warszawa district was the aim of this study. In 1998 five hundred faecal samples were examined. The homeless dogs were found more infected than those kept as pets. T. canis was recorded in 3.4% and 8.8% of stray dogs from the shelters and in 0.4% of animais from tlats. The higher prevalence of infection in homeless dogs was due to high density of dogs population, worse environmental condition and irregular anthelmintic treatment in the shelters when compare with housed dogs.
EN
Toxocarosis is still an important and actual problem in human medicine. It can manifest as visceral (VLM), ocular (OLM) or covert (CT) larva migrans syndroms. Complicated life cycle of Toxocara, lack of easy and practical methods of species differentiation of the adult nematode and embarrassing in recognition of the infection in definitive hosts create difficulties in fighting with the infection. Although studies on human toxocarosis have been continued for over 50 years there is no conclusive answer, which of species - T. canis or T. cati constitutes a greater risk of transmission of the nematode to man. Neither blood serological examinations nor microscopic observations of the morphological features of the nematode give the satisfied answer on the question. Since the 90-ths molecular methods were developed for species identification and became useful tools being widely applied in parasitological diagnosis. This paper cover the survey of methods of DNA analyses used for identification of Toxocara species. The review may be helpful for researchers focused on Toxocara and toxocarosis as well as on detection of new species. The following techniques are described: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism).
EN
The biology of the ascarid nematodes has been discussed in the context of their important economic role in farm animals, pet animals and zoo animals with special attention to carnivores and primates. In farm animals, infection with the most common roundworm of horses (Parascaris equorum) and swine (Ascaris suum) depend on many factors such as environmental conditions (larval development in the egg and egg survival), age of the host, breed, husbandry system, hygiene and treatment schedule. The monoxenic ascarids Toxocara canis and T. cali are the most important nematodes in carnivorous animals (dogs, cats, foxes) and carnivores in the zoo. In the period of March 2000 till March 2001, 57,1% of examined representatives of Felidae, Ursidae and Canidae in the Zoological Garden of Wroclaw were found to be infected with ascarids (T. canis, T. cati, Toxascaris leonina). The prevalence of T. canis in the Canidae was 66,7%, of T. cati in the Felidae was 14,3%, while 57,1% of the Felidae carried T. leonina infection. Ascaris lumbricoides, a typical parasite of primates, was found in some gorillas, chimpanzees and orang-utans during parasitological survey.
EN
The risk factors of Toxocara can is infestation were assessed among population of patients from the Lublin region. Sera from 151 patients suspected of toxocarosis were tested on the presence of the specific antibodies by ELISA (Biokema-Bordier, Switzerland). Sera from 74 women and 77 men were collected (mean: 24 years; range: 0-74 years). Women sera were found positive in 27 cases (36.5%) and men in 34 cases (44.2%). Positive results were found in the following age groups: young people up to 15 years - 34 positive from 71, people from 16 to 30 years old - 7 from 33, people from 31 to 45 years old - 9 from 24 and people older than 45 years - 11 from 23. Patients suspected of ocular larva migrans were found serologically positive in 37cases from 98. Among patients with eosinophilia 8 positive cases were found from 17 (47.1%). Rural inhabitants were found positive in 41 cases from 73, whereas inhabitants of small towns in 17 cases from 55 and inhabitants of Lublin city (population nearly 400,000) in 3 cases from 23. This relationship was statistically significant (p<0.01). The difference between the group of living in a house (52% positive cases) compared to those living in flats (18% positive cases) was also statistically significant (p<0.001).
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