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1

Tymon Terlecki we Lwowie

100%

Szydlowska M.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 3-4(239-240)

213-288

EN

The article talks about Tymon Terlecki’s childhood and youth in Lvov between 1915 and 1932. Based on source materials from the period, contemporary studies, and the critic’s reminiscences, the author has described successive stages of his biography: middle-school education, studying Polish philology at King John Casimir University, his struggles with a devastating sickness, and his activity in the field of literature and theatre. Terlecki participated in the city’s cultural institutions; he organised literary meetings at Kasyno (Casino), Koło Literacko-Artystyczne (Literary-and-Artistic Circle), and Zawodowy Związek Literatów Polskich (Professional Union of Polish Writers); with a group of King John Casimir University graduates, he founded the Discussion Club of Modern Culture Workers (Klub Pracowników Kultury Współczesnej), which had managed to establish its own periodical, Tydzień, and a film club Awangarda (Avant-garde); additionally, Terlecki hosted radio programmes devoted to literature. As a journalist of Słowo Polskie daily, he not only watched closely and evaluated current literary works and theatre productions but also battled with his pen for their popularisation and artistic merit. On the pages of the newspaper, he advocated for Leon Schiller as the best candidate for the manager of Teatry Miejskie (Municipal Theatres), and then became his ally in battles with other co-managers and city authorities. After Schillers resignation, Terlecki successfully promoted Wilam Horzyca for the position. Having won his spurs as a literary critic Terlecki left Lvov in 1932 but he always emphasised his ties with the town that had influenced his spiritual formation, social sensitivity and views on art.

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Tymon Terlecki o słuchowiskach w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

100%

Pleszkun-Olejniczakowa E. , Bachura J.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 3-4(239-240)

289-306

EN

The text presents Tymon Terlecki as a reviewer and theorist of radio plays in the interwar period. His enunciations published in the periodicals of the era indicated possibilities of treating the radio play as an autonomous art form and emphasised the power of expression that was possible to achieve there. The views of this outstanding theatre scholar are presented here in the context of the contemporary radio criticism and confronted with the opinions of other critics and theorists: Witold Hulewicz. Zdzisław Marynowski, and Franciszek Pawliszak. The text is supplemented with a full review written by Terlecki about the radio play Historia żołnierza (The Soldier’s Tale) after Charles Ferdinand Ramus.

3

Rzeczy teatralne. Tymon Terlecki w londyńskim studiu Radia Wolna Europa

100%

Wejs-Milewska V.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 3-4(239-240)

307-332

EN

The article deals with a hitherto little known area of Tymon Terlecki’s activity, i.e. his long-time work for the Polish service of Radio Free Europe, which lasted from 1950 to 1980. For the radio station, which had been founded in 1952, Terlecki became a valuable asset: the theatre scholar and theoretician of artistic radio who had been particularly interested in developing radio drama (the so-called Theatre of Imagination) and had published works defining its specificity, now, after the war, started a varied free-lance collaboration with the Munich-based station. Terlecki (along with Roman Palester) devised the cultural programme block, and took on the roles of programme editor, commentator, critic, reporter, and interviewer, skilful moderator of the so-called round table discussions as well as a radio drama author and adaptor. The objects of his activity were equally diverse: from history to current political initiatives (for example, when he acted as a member of Polski Ruch Wolnościowy Niepodległość i Demokracja, or: the Polish Freedom Movement “Independence and Democracy”), to matters related to culture as such, with literature and theatre included. One should also note his other, non-radio initiatives, especially at the time when he was head of the Polish Writers Abroad Union and found his allies in Giedroyc and Jeziorański in Europe and Kazimierz Wierzyński and Józef Wittlin in the US. With their help, Terlecki initiated publishing plans, organised symposiums, emigrants’ congresses, and scholarships for Polish writers and intellectuals. One might, thus, venture to say that it is the radio that was for over 20 years the focus of Terlecki’s whole writing, intellectual and artistic activity which crystallised in the form of small and synthetic wholes: the broadcasts. Two hundred programmes (including over 60 sound recordings, some with Terlecki’s voice) have survived to this day, and they all bear the stamp of the author’s individuality, though their number is disappointingly small, considering how many years Terlecki worked for the radio. Some of the broadcasts aired first by RFE were later, especially in the 1950s, published in print by Ostatnie Wiadomości (in Mannheim); some variants appeared in the London Wiadomości weekly, and since 1963 their verbatim transcripts were published by Na Antenie, the periodical belonging to the radio station. For many years, Terlecki prepared his radio „talks” and wrote as well as directed radio documentary dramas in which theatre and drama became a leading motif. In the RFE’s archive there are several dozen broadcasts devoted to these matters, the most important of which are: Dwieście lat sceny narodowej (Two hundred years of the national stage, 1965), Panorama 50-lecia Teatru Polskiego w Warszawie (A panorama of the 50th anniversary of the Polski Theatre in Warsaw,1964), Spojrzenie na teatr dwudziestolecia międzywojennego (A look at the theatre of the interwar period, 1979); O Wyspiańskim – w setną rocznicę urodzin (About Wyspiański – on the centennial of his birth,1969); O teatrze integralnie, (On theatre as a whole,1967). These materials are complemented by reviews of publications concerned with the same issues, which, thanks to the Thaw of 1956, Terlecki received from Poland quite regularly. Terlecki, moreover and perhaps most interestingly, reviewed Western theatre productions. Among the things that have survived in the archives are scripts appraising the first Shakespearean festival of 1964 and the London international theatre festival of 1965. Terlecki’s stay in the US enabled him to observe new phenomena of the time: the so-called experimental acting studio, and various experiments arising from the amateur theatre, including that of the Polish diaspora and emigrants. Terlecki’s radio dramas deserve special attention; over 40 of them have been preserved in the radio’s and Terlecki’s own archives. They consist one of the most interesting phenomena among the radio plays of RFE, representing their anthropocentric current. Both the works chosen for adaptation and the author’s original scripts to documentary plays are universal in character and treat human fate and history as encompassed by the great metaphor, thus exemplifying Terlecki’s own philosophy, which was an amalgam of personalism, sceptical activism, Christian existentialism and classical culture. Terlecki had been writing the plays with great intensity throughout the 1950s, and they were realised by experienced radio professionals, Zdzisław Marynowski and Wacław Radulski. Today, they serve as excellent examples of what radio plays of the Theatre of Imagination abroad were like in practice.

4

Tymon Terlecki. Kronika życia i działalności (1905-2000)

100%

Krasinski E. , Taylor-Terlecka N.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 3-4(239-240)

18-200

EN

Tymon Terlecki was born on 10 August 1905 in Przemyśl, Galicia, in the part of Austro-Hungarian Empire gained by the partition of Poland, as a subject of Emperor Franz Josef I. Since the autumn of 1911 he attended a six-grade Popular School. In the September of 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, his family was evacuated to Neufeld in Moravia. In 1915, Terlecki moved to Lvov and studied at two Lvov middle schools. In the autumn of 1924, he began studying Polish philology at King John Casimir University in Lvov, but having contracted tuberculosis had to take two breaks from his course of study and get treatment in Zakopane. In 1930, he started publishing literary criticism and theatre reviews, mostly in Słowo Polskie daily; he also actively participated in the artistic and literary life of Lvov and cooperated with the radio. In June 1932, Terlecki was awarded a PhD diploma for his dissertation on the poet and writer Ryszard Berwiński (1819–1879), written under the tutelage of Professor Juliusz Kleiner. In 1932–1934, Terlecki lived in Paris and studied at the Sorbonne and College de France on scholarship from the French government. He travelled to Spain and visited England, Belgium and the Netherlands. On his return to Poland, Terlecki lived in Warsaw where he lectured Drama History at the State Institute for Dramatic Art (Państwowy Instytut Sztuki Teatralnej), and since 1936 edited two periodicals: Teatr, and the exemplary theatrological quarterly Scena Polska. He also collaborated with Tygodnik Ilustrowany weekly, Pion and Życie Sztuki. In July 1939, Terlecki went for treatment to France and upon the outbreak of the Second World War joined the Polish Army. In the military camp in Coëtquidan, Brittany, he became editor of Polska Walcząca weekly, the official organ of the Polish Armed Forces in the West, which he then edited in Paris and, after evacuation to England, in London from June 1940 until the end of 1948. In London, he became an initiator of the literary, artistic and scientific life of Polish emigrants, and organised unions of Polish artists and writers abroad. He edited two fundamental collective works: Straty kultury polskiej 1939–1944 (Glasgow, 1945), and Literatura polska na obczyźnie 1940–1960 (London, 1964–1965), and initiated a series of monographs on Polish poets and writers (Adam Mickiewicz, Stanisław Wyspiański, Joseph Conrad, Zygmunt Krasiński, Cyprian Kamil Norwid, Henryk Sienkiewicz), published in 1955–1967. He wrote essays, literary portraits, reviews and socio-political comments for JerzyGiedroyc’s Kultura and, even more frequently, for Mieczysław Grydzewski’s Wiadomości where Terlecki had been publishing his theatre reviews regularly since 1946. Since 1948, he was also lecturing at the Polish University Abroad (Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyźnie). Living in London, Terlecki authored and published a number of important essays and books: Polska a Zachód. Próba syntezy (1947), Paryż (1952), Krytyka personalistyczna (1957), Egzystencjalizm chrześcijański (1958), Ludzie, książki i kulisy (1960), Pani Helena. Opowieść biograficzna o Modrzejewskiej (1962). In 1964, Terlecki was invited to teach Polish Literature classesas a visiting lecturer at the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of Chicago, and after two semesters accepted a permanent teaching position as professor of Polish literature, which he held until 1972. After retirement, he taught at seminars and lectured as a senior visiting professor at the State University of Illinois at Chicago Circle (1972–1977). During the Chicago period, Terlecki participated in numerous conferences, published articles on Polish literature and the theatre, as well as on ethnical and national diversity; he visited many educational and research centres, giving lectures in Jerusalem, Detroit, New York City, Washington DC, Montreal, Buffalo, New Orleans, and Los Angeles. Terlecki constantly observed the scientific, literary and artistic life in his home country, which he was not allowed to visit; he received guests from Poland and promoted them in Great Britain and the United States. In the summer of 1972, Terlecki went to Paris for a three-month scholarship of the American Council for Learned Societies to do research on Wyspiański and Craig. In 1973 he was finally granted US citizenship; until then, as a stateless person, he had had only a British travel document. In June 1978, he returned to London and continued his activities in the scientific and literary life of the Polish emigrants. He resumed teaching at the Polish University Abroad. At the turn of 1981 and 1982, he toured the US and Canada, giving lectures on literature and theatre at universities and academic institutions (among which were Ann Arbor, Harvard, and Columbia University). In 1983, he published in Boston an English monograph, Stanisław Wyspiański, in Twayne’s World Authors Series. He also wrote a series of entries about Polish writers for the Encyclopaedia Britannica (since 1967) and Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature (New York, 1980). With his wife, Tola Korian (1911–1983), actress, singer and polyglot translator, he was a passionate traveller. He visited France and Spain on numerous occasions. As a participant of the International Folk Music Council he went to Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Austria, Canada, Jamaica, Norway, and Ghana, and published many accounts of his travels. He visited Switzerland and Portugal as well. Since the middle of the 1980s, other books by Tymon Terlecki have been published, not only in the West but also in Poland, now free of censorship. These publications included: Szukanie równowagi. Szkice literackie i publicystyczne (London, 1985), Opowieść o dwóch miastach: Londyn – Paryż (London, 1987), Spotkania ze swoimi (Wrocław, 1999), Emigracja naszego czasu (Lublin, 2003), Zaproszenie do podróży (Gdańsk, 2006). He was a man of great moral rectitude and a versatile writer: a literature and theatre historian, essayist, critic writing about poetry, art, philosophy, culture, and socio-political matters, a sociologist and anthropologist. He was an esteemed university lecturer, radio theoretician, author of several dozen radio dramas and innumerable Free Europe Radio programmes. He translated T. S. Eliot, Mauriac, Valery, Thomas and Koestler (Ciemność w południe, Paris, 1949), edited numerous periodicals, literary texts, collective works, and monographs. He was a social and political activist, and ideologist of the emigration’s independence, to which he devoted numerous articles attempting to define the political and intellectual status of this group of castaways. He received numerous awards for his literary work, among which were: the Union of Polish Writers Abroad Award (London, 1953), from the Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation Prize (New York, 1973), the Testimonial Award of the Polish Arts and Letters (Chicago, 1971), the Stanisław Vincenz Award (Cracow, 1985), and the Literary Award of Kultura (Paris, 1995). He was a member of many scientific societies in Poland and abroad. In May 1990, he suffered a severe stroke, and in July 1991 moved with his second wife, Nina Taylor, to Oxford where he died on 6 November 2000.

5

Korespondencja Tymona Terleckiego

75%

Kuraś M.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 3-4(239-240)

345-537

6

Tymon Atenczyk

63%

Krasinski E.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 3-4(239-240)

7-17